• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2006

The single droplet combustion characteristics of multicomponent fuel such as diesel-oxygenate and diesel-paraffin blends under high ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were investigated in the study. The results of the study may be concluded as follows : In the combustion of diesel fuel droplet with additive of oxygenate and paraffin, the dimensionless droplet size of $(D/D_o)^2$ was linearly decreased with time. A fuel droplet with low boiling temperature additives and in high boiling temperature diesel fuel evaporates and burns faster than usual diesel fuel. This rapid burning may result from so-called "micro-explosion" and its burning intensity varies with the types of additives. The results above may suggest that rapid evaporation of oxygenate additive in the middle stage of combustion can contribute much to combustion improvement of blended fuels. When compared to ordinary diesel fuel, neat oxygenate and paraffin fuels show blue flame during entire combustion which prove smokeless combustion.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.552-561
• /
• 2006

The single droplet combustion characteristics of diesel fuel and low quality oil with additive oxygenate and paraffin under high ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were investigated in the study. The results of the study may are concluded as follows: In the combustion of diesel fuel and low quality oil droplet with additive of oxygenate and paraffin. the dimensionless droplet size of $(D/Do)^2$ was linearly decreased with time. A fuel droplet with low boiling temperature additives and in high boiling temperature base fuel evaporates and burns faster than usual base fuel. Especially. these trends were remarkably obtained by decreasing boiling point and increasing blending contents of additives in case of oxygenated agents rather than n-paraffin agents. This rapid burning may result from so-called 'micro-explosion' and its burning intensity varies with the types of additives. The results above may suggest that rapid evaporation of oxygenate additive in the middle stage of combustion can contribute much to combustion improvement of blended fuels.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.354-357
• /
• 2004

The addition of oxygenates to diesel fuel can significantly reduce particulate emissions. Dibutyl maleate (DBM) and tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TGME) have been identified as possible additives based on their physicochemical characteristics and performance in engine test. However, their potential environmental impacts are unknown. therefore, practical considerations in the selection of an oxygenate additives should include cost, availability, compatibility with engines and fuel, and, particularly, its overall environmental impact. This study was investigated to determine optimal condition for the analysis of potential diesel oxygenates using SPME technique with GC-FID. Four fibers were compared and CAR/PDMS fiber was found to be the most sensitive when used direct-sampling. An absorption time of 30min and a desorption time of 5min provided to be the most sensitivity. The effects of experimental parameters such as the addition of salts, agitation, absorption time, compositon on the analysis were investigated. Analytical parameter such as linearity was also evaluated.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 창립총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.92-95
• /
• 2000

A mixed bacterial culture capable of mineralizing methyl tort-butyl ether (MTBE), other fuel oxygenates ethers, tertiary carbon alcohols, benzene and toluene was used to inoculate batch reactor and sequence batch reactor (SBR) to treat gasoline contaminated ground water containing about 60 mg/L MTBE, 5 mg/L benzene, 5 mg/L toluene, and low concentrations of several other aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Respirometery studies showed that MTBE degrading mixed culture could treat MTBE contaminated ground water with addition of nitrogen and phosphate. SBR was operated to demonstrate the feasibility of using suspended growth activated system for the treatment of ground water and to confirm that the respirometry derived kinetics and stoichiometric coefficients were useful for predicting reactor performance. Theoretical performance of the reactor was predicted using mathematical models calibrated with biokinetic parameters derived from respirometry studies.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2002

Recently, our world is faced with very serious and hard problems related to the air pollution due to the exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated fur direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has three kinds of mixed ratio. And, it was tried to analyze not only total hydrocarbon but individual hydrocarbon components from Cl to C6 in exhaust gas using gas chromatography to seek the reason far remarkable reduction of smoke emission. This study was carried out by comparing the chromatogram with diesel fuel and diesel feel blended DGM(diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) 5%. The results of this study show that individual hydrocarbon(C1∼C6) as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated fuel is reduced remarkably than that of diesel fuel.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 디젤오염토양에서 활성화된 토착미생물을 이용한 DBM을 포한한 디젤첨가제와 유사한 물리화학적 특성을 갖는 가솔린첨가제를 대상으로 호기성 조건에서의 생분해성 평가를 수행하였다. Toluene, Ethanol 등이 가장 높은 활성도를 보였고, 일차분해상수는 $0.11{\sim}0.3day^{-1}$의 범위를 보여주었다. 반면에, 가솔린첨가제인 MTBE는 낮은 분해 특성을 보여주어 토양미생물에 제한적인 분해기질로 나타났다. 이와 더불어, DBM과 TGME를 대상으로 초기농도의 증가에 따른 분해 특성을 조사한 결과 초기농도 증가에 따라 분해속도는 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 DBM과 TGME의 생분해도를 평가하기 위한 방안으로 디젤첨가제의 저감과 동시에 $CO_2$ 생성 모니터링과 조류에 의한 독성 변화를 조사한 결과, 디젤첨가제의 농도 감소와 더불어 $CO_2$ 생성량의 증가는 DBM과 TGME의 무기화를 간접적으로 보여주고 있으나, DBM과 TGME이 완전히 분해되었음에도 불구하고 조류에 의한 잔류 독성이 남아있는 결과는 완전 무기화가 일어나지 않고 중간 부산물이 생성된 것으로 추정된다. 그럼에도 불구하고, DBM과 TGME를 포한한 디젤첨가제에 대한 생물학적 분해 연구는 국내에서 처음 보여주는 결과로 국내 유류오염지역의 생물학적 자연저감의 원리를 적용한 현장적용 타당성을 좀 더 높여주는 결과라고 판단된다.

• 폴리머
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2013

SAPO-11을 억새와 random polypropylene(random PP)의 촉매 열분해에 최초로 적용하였다. 열중량 분석 결과 SAPO-11은 억새의 탈수 반응을 촉진시키고, char의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. Random PP의 열분해 결과, random PP의 분해온도와 활성화에너지는 촉매를 사용함에 따라 크게 감소하였다. 억새의 무촉매 열분해 반응에 의해 생성되는 oxygenate 생성물들 중에서 levoglucosan이 주 생성물이었다. SAPO-11 촉매 열분해 결과, 상당 부분의 levoglucosan이 furans, phenolics, aromatics 등의 부가가치가 큰 화합물로 전환하였다. 반면, random PP는 가솔린, 디젤 범위의 탄화수소를 생성하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.178.1-178.1
• /
• 2011

DME is generally expected to be used as a promising clean alternative fuel to diesel fuel. DME is not natural product but a synthetic product that is produced either through the dehydration of methanol or a direct synthetic from syngas. As DME has no carbon-carbon bond in its molecular structure and is an oxygenate fuel, it's combustion essentially generates no soot. DME has such cetane number of 55~60 that it can be used as a diesel engine fuel. However, DME has low lubricity but a proven method to solve the poor lubricity is by adding lubricity improver. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop lubricity improver of DME as a transport fuel in Korea. In this study, we investigated a possibility of fatty acid ester compounds as a candidate to improve DME lubricity as compared with current lubricity improver of diesel. We also evaluated quality characteristics, storage stability of DME with lubricity additives.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated fur direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenated blended fuel which has seven kinds of mixed ratio. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission have been investigated. Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether(EGBE) contains oxygen component 27% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of mono-ether group that the smoke emission and unburned hydrocarbons of EGBE is reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads and speeds in diesel engine. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with oxygenated fuel and cooled EGR method.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.458-461
• /
• 2003

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/headspace techniques(HS) and flame ionization detection (GC/FID) have been combined for determination of very polar compounds in water, including the widely used gasoline oxygenates and by-products. A relatively simple extraction method using a CAR/PDMS(75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) SPME fiber was optimized for the routine analysis of gasoline oxygenates and by-products in groundwater and reagent water. A sodium chloride concentration of 25%(w/w) combined with an extraction time of 20 min provided the greatest sensitivity while maintaining analytical efficiency Replicate analyses in fortified reagent and groundwater spiked with microgram per liter concentrations of gasoline oxygenates and by-products indicate quantitative and reproducible recovery of these and related oxygenate compounds. Method dynamic range was 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ L-1 to 3000$\mu\textrm{g}$ L-1 for gasoline oxygenates and by-products.