• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2006

Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO) anode films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering were investigated as functions of RF power and working pressure in pure Ar ambient. To investigate electrical, optical and structural properties of IZO anode films, 4-point probe and UV/VIS spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed, respectively. A sheet resistance of $15.2{\Omega}/{\square}$, average transmittance above 80 % in visible range, expecially above 85 % in 550 nm, and root mean square roughness of 1.13 nm were obtained from optimized IZO anode films grown in oxygen free ambient. All samples show amorphous structure regardless of RF power and working pressure due to low substrate temperature. In addition, XPS depth profile obtained from IZO/PES exhibits that there is no obvious evidence of interfacial reaction between IZO and PES substrate. Furthermore, current-voltage-luminance of the flexible phosphorescent flexible OLEDs fabricated on IZO anode shows dependence on sheet resistance of the IZO anode. These results indicate that the IZO anode is a promising candidate to substitute conventional ITO anode for high-quality flexible displays.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.895-901
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• 2013

Resistance to induction of apoptosis is a major obstacle for bladder cancer treatment. Bcl-2 is thought to be involved in anti-apoptotic signaling. In this study, we investigated the effect of Bcl-2 overexpression on apoptotic resistance and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in bladder cancer cells. A stable Bcl-2 overexpression cell line, BIU87-Bcl-2, was constructed from human bladder cancer cell line BIU87 by transfecting recombinant Bcl-2 [pcDNA3.1(+)-Bcl-2]. The sensitivity of transfected cells to adriamycin (ADR) was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and acridine orange fluorescence staining. Intracellular ROS was determined using flow cytometry, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also investigated by the xanthinoxidase and visible radiation methods using SOD and CAT detection kits. The susceptibility of BIU87-Bcl-2 cells to ADR treatment was significantly decreased as compared with control BIU87 cells. Enhanced expression of Bcl-2 inhibited intracellular ROS generation following ADR treatment. Moreover, the suppression of SOD and CAT activity induced by ADR treatment was blocked in the BIU87-Bcl-2 case but not in their parental cells. The overexpression of Bcl-2 renders human bladder cancer cells resistant to ADR-induced apoptosis and ROS might act as an important secondary messenger in this process.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factor such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen on the growth of Vibrio spp.. In this survey, total 56 seawater samples were obtained from 8 different sites of the Incheon coastal area during the periods from april 2008 to october 2008. Enumeration of Vibrio spp. was determined by using the most probable number(MPN) procedure. Isolation rates of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae in all samples tested were 44.0%, 21.4% and 13.1%, respectively. The enumeration of Vibrio spp. was very low correlated with water temperature and pH and negatively correlated with salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. We found salinity to be the parameter most highly correlated with the enumeration of Vibrio spp. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance of V.vulnificus and V.parahaemolyticus was Cefazolin(11.5%), Ampicillin(70.8%), respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Cases of cardiac arrests due to cardiovascular ailments have increased recently., portable Current portable resuscitators which can be automatically supply oxygen operated by the pressure of supplied oxygen without manual or electronic actuators are now widely used in emergency worldwide. However, reductions in Pressure drop characteristics through the extended use of this type of resuscitator, however, is are not well-known described. This paper describes the reduction in pressure loss drop performance of the various holes in within the flow control disc of with various hole size of the portable resuscitators using on breathing resistance through the CFD simulation, and suggests the an optimum optimal design of the hole shapes for the minimization of alteration in order to minimize this pressure drops.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1973

An attempt was made to study circulatory and respiratory responses to the passive tilt. Anesthetized dogs were tilted from horizontal to upright $(+90^{\circ})$ and head down $(-90^{\circ})$ position. The arterial blood pressure was decreased in the upright position and was decreased slightly in the head down position comparing to that in the horizontal position. Cardiac index also decreased in the both upright and head down positions. The total systemic vascular resistance was slightly increased in the upright position and was markedly increased in the head down position. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly decreased in the both upright and head down positions. The total pulmonary vascular resistance was decreased in the both upright and head down positions. Oxygen consumption was slightly decreased in the upright position, whereas it was slightly increased in the head down position. The A-V $O_2$ difference (vol. %) was slightly increased in the upright position and increased in the head down position. From the above results, process of the circulatory compensation to the gravity in the Passive tilting test was discussed. Neuronal cardiovascular regulation to the gravity and tile adaptation of capacitance vessles to hydrostatic stress and oxygen consumption concerning anoxic endurance of the brain were also discussed.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.32-36
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• 2018

For various oxygen($O_2$) to argon(Ar) gas ratio, aluminum-doped zinc oxide(AZO) films were deposited for 3 min at different duty ratio by changing reverse pulse times. As the duty ratio increased, the thickness of the AZO film decreased and the sheet resistance increased. It can be concluded that When sputtering AZO Thin film, oxygen interfered with sputtering. When the reverse time was increased, the thickness of AZO was proportional to the real sputtering time and decreased. From the optical transmittance and sheet resistance, it was possible to obtain a higher figure of merits of AZO at a lower reverse pulse time. Even at the short reversed pulse time, it can be concluded that the accumulated charges on the AZO target are completely cleared. At a lower reverse pulse time, pulsed-DC sputtering of AZO is expected to be used instead of DC sputtering in the deposition of transparent conductive oxide(TCO) films without any degradation in thickness and structural/electrical characteristics.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.550-556
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• 2022

In this study, the flow uniformity was analyzed by performing numerical analysis on the 1 kWe internal manifold type solid oxide fuel cell stack according to the channel height of the separator. Also, it was examined by varying the fuel utilization rate and oxygen utilization rate. From the calculation results, we found that as the channel height of the separator decreased, the pressure drop increased exponentially. In addition, it was found that as the channel height of the separator decreased, the gas flow resistance inside the unit cell increased, and the flow resistance increased the pressure drop, thereby improving the flow uniformity inside the stack. Finally, the calculation results showed that as the fuel and oxygen utilization increased, the flow uniformity also improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.370-370
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• 2010

The effects of adding higher-valence impurities on the bipolar resistive switching characteristics of Pt/$NiO_{1+x}$/TiN MIM stacks and physical properties were investigated. $NiO_{1+x}$ films with 14% W deposited at 20% oxygen partial pressure exhibited the bipolar resistance switching characteristics in Pt/$NiO_{1+x}$/TiN MIM stacks, while $NiO_{1+x}$ films with 8.2% W show unipolar resistance switching behavior. The relationship of W-doping and the crystallinity was studied by X-ray diffraction. The metallic Ni contents and $WO_x$ binding states with W amount was investigated by XPS. Our result showed that the metallic Ni, $WO_x$ binding states, and crystallinity in $NiO_{1+x}$ played an important role on the bipolar resistive switching.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

Thermal spray coating process has proven to be effective at producing hard, dense, wear resistance coatings on the relatively mild substrates. Among several spraying techniques, HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) and plasma coating processes, which are preferentially used for the wear resistance application such as capstans, have been applied in this study. The effects of pre-treatment, it-process and post-treatment parameters on the wear and mechanical properties of WC+12%Co, Cr3C2 and Al2O3 powder coatings have been investigated and correlated with the microstructures. The results indicated that the carbide coating was more preferable to the oxide coatings and the post-treatments consisting of vacuum annealing and sealing on carbide coatings led to significant improvements in wear resistance, adhesive strength and coating phase stabilization over the other processing techniques in this application.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3726-3729
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• 2011

Biofilm formation is inevitable in a bioelectrochemical system in which microorganisms act as a sole biocatalyst. Cathodic biofilm (CBF) works as a double-edged sword in the performance of the air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Proton and oxygen crossover through the CBF are limited by the robust structure of extracellular polymeric substances, composition of available constituents and environmental condition from which the biofilm is formed. The MFC performance in terms of power, current and coulombic efficiency is influenced by the nature and origin of CBF. Development of CBF from different ecological environment while keeping the same anode inoculums, contributes additional charge transfer resistance to the total internal resistance, with increase in coulombic efficiency at the expense of power reduction. This study demonstrates that MFC operation conditions need to be optimized on the choice of initial inoculum medium that leads to the biofilm formation on the air cathode.