• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2006

We measured oxygen microprofiles using an oxygen microelectrode in Ganghwa intertidal flat in April and September. Oxygen consumption rate was calculated by using three different methods based on the oxygen microprofiles. The method using the PROFILE software was thought to be the most reliable among the three methods. The oxygen consumption rates calculated at station D1 by using the PROFILE software were 10.5 and 6.27mmol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in April and September, respectively. At station D2, they were 10.9mmol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in April and 5.39 mmol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in September. There was little spatial variation, but large seasonal variation, with almost two times larger values in April than in September. The higher rate in April is ascribed to higher oxygen concentration in the seawater and higher organic carbon content in the surface sediments, which probably accelerate oxygen consumption for organic matter decomposition in the sediments. Aerobic remineralization rates estimated from the oxygen consumption rates ranged from 4.14 to 8.07 mmol C $m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in Ganghwa intertidal flat, which were much lower than the anaerobic remineralization rate.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2004

The filtration rate and oxygen consumption of Anadara granosa bisenensis were measured at 4 different temperature (10$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$, 20$^{\circ}C$, and 25$^{\circ}C$) and 4 different salinity levels (20, 25, 35, and 40 psu), using an direct method under laboratory conditions. The samples were divided into two groups: a large-sized group (shell length: 34.58 ${\pm}$ 2.23 mm, body weight: 12.43 ${\pm}$ 0.44 g) and a small-sized group (shell length: 20.60 ${\pm}$ 0.85 mm, body weight: 4.41 ${\pm}$ 2.30 g). Filtration rate and oxygen consumption increased with the increase of various temperatures and salinity levels. Also, the filtration rate and oxygen consumption of the small-sized group were higher than those of the large-sized group. These results indicate that the filtration rate and oxygen consumption of Anadara granosa bisenensis depends on environmental conditions, especially on water temperature and salinity.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.104-107
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• 2008

산소소모법을 이용한 화재발열량 측정장치를 구성하고 대표적인 주택가연물(침대, 책상, 냉장고, 장롱)에 대하여 화재 발열량을 측정하였다. 발열량 측정 결과 최대 발열량은 각각 냉장고 1MW, 책상 0.8MW, 장롱 4.2MW, 침대 0.4MW로 나타났으며, 특히 냉장고와 장롱의 경우 화재성장속도가 상대적으로 빨라 위험요인이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.738-745
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• 2016

Aquaculture production of Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli has been continuously increased from 2000s and the fish has become the second most important mariculture fish in Korea. However, there are some environmental problems in aquaculture of Korean rockfish recently. In this regards, stress responses to high water temperature was examined via oxygen consumption, blood physiological parameter and endocrinological method. Oxygen consumption of Korean rockfish had significantly increased with rising water temperature. And oxygen consumption during the light time was no different with the dark time. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed no difference until $27^{\circ}C$, but it had rapidly increased at $30^{\circ}C$. Moreover high water temperature affected to increase in plasma glucose and cortisol levels.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1998

액체연료들의 열발생율이 산소 소모법에 의해 측정되었다. 산소 소모법은 화재 시에 경험되어지 는 대부분의 연료에 대해서 소모된 산소단위 질량당 발생된 열량이 근사적으로 같다는 원리에 기 초하고 있다. 산소농도의 측정에는 상자성 방식의 가스 분석기가 사용되었고, C02 및 CO가스 농 도 측정은 적외선 방식의 분석기에 의해 이루어졌다. 가스 분석기들의 시간지연은 고려하지 않았 다. 배기가스 측정방법에 따른 결과들을 비교 검토하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1971

Oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, and breathing frequency were measured on 8 men walking on a treadmill carrying load of 9 kg on hand, back, or head. Besides measurements were made on subjects carrying loads of 2.6 kg each on both feet. The speed of level walking was 4, 5, and 5.5km/hr and a fixed speed off km/hr with grades of 0, 3, 6, and 9%. Comparisons were made between free walking without load and walking with various types of loads. The following results were obtained. 1. In level or uphill walking the changes in oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, breathing frequency and heart rate were smallest in back load walking, and largest in hand load walking. The method of back load was most efficient and hand load was the least efficient. The energy cost in head load walking was smaller than that of in hand load walking. It was assumed that foot load costed more energy than hand load. 2. In level walking the measured parameters increased abruptly at the speed of 5.5 km/hr. Oxygen consumption in a free walking at 4 km/hr was 11.4ml/kg b.wt., and 13.1 ml/kg b.wt. 5.5 km/hr, and in a hand load walking at 4 km/hr was 13.9, and 18.8 ml/kg b. wt. at 5.5 km/hr. 3. In uphill walking oxygen consumption and other parameters increased abruptly at the grade of 6%. Oxygen consumption at 4 km/hr and 0% grade was 11.4 ml/kg b. wt., 13.6 at 6% grade, and 16.21/kg b. wt. at 9% grade in a free walking. In back load walking oxygen consumption at 4km/hr and 0% grade was 12.3 ml/kg b.wt.,14.9 at 6% grade, and 18.7 ml/kg b.wt. In hand load walking the oxygen consumption was the greatest, namely, 13.9 at 0% grade, 17.9 at 6%, and 20.0 ml/kg b. wt. at 9% grade. 4. Both in level and uphill walking the changes in pulmonary ventilation and heart rate paralleled with oxygen consumption. 5. The changes in heart rate and breathing frequency in hand load were characteristic. Both in level and uphill walk breathing frequency increased to 30 per minute when a load was held on hand and showed a small increase as the exercise became severe. In the other method of load carrying the Peak value of breathing frequency was less than 30 Per minute. Heart rate showed 106 beats/minute even at a speed of 4 km/hr when a load was held on hand, whereas, heart rate was between, 53 and 100 beats/minute in the other types of load carriage. 6. Number of strides per minute in level walking increased as the speed increased. At the speed floater than 5 km/hr number of strides per minute of load carrying walk was greater than that of free walking. In uphill walk number of strides per minute decreased as the grade increased. Number of strides in hand load walk was greatest and back load walk showed the same number of strides as the free walk.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 1994

Some method was introduced to explain oxygen transfer from broth to cell during aerobic microbe cultivation. It is explained by 5 steps that how desolved oxygen can reach to cell. Among these steps film resistance was the most important factor to describe oxygen transfer. Lumped model and distributed model was introduced to explain oxygen diffusion rate and oxygen consumption rate which occurs in the microbe pellet.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 대형 콘 칼로리미터(large scale cone calorimeter, LSC)를 사용하여 헵탄 풀 화재(pool fire) 실험에서 화원의 직경 변화에 따른 발열량(HRR) 측정 결과를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 발열량에 중요한 영향을 미치는 연소율(burning rate)은 A. Hamins의 연구 자료에서 제시한 모델링 곡선과 비교하여 정확성을 검증하였으며, 산소 소모법에 의한 연소효율(combustion efficiency)은 이론발열량에 비해서 91% 정도로 J. Gore이 제시한 헵탄의 연소효율 92%와 유사한 것을 확인하였다. 엔탈피소모법에 의한 열손실은 전체 발열량의 54% 정도로 측정부에서 대류 발열량으로 측정되었으며, 본 연구 결과는 화재실험에서 발열량 측정값의 신뢰성 분석(reliability analysis)을 위한 기초 연구 자료로 활용하는데 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 1993

The biodegradability of some anionic surfactants were investigated using biological oxygen consumption measurement at different temperatures. As test surfactants, soap, alkyl sulfate (AS), alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate (AES), linear alkylbezene sulfonate(LAS), microbial surfactants such as sophorose lipid (sopholipid) and spiculisporic acid (S-acid), were used. The test solution were incubated at $5^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$ and $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. The comparative rates of biodegradation were in accordance with the results obtained from the surface tension measurement and methylene blue method. The results of comparative blodegradabilities of the surfactants were as follows; soap, AS>AES>AOS>LAS at $18^{\circ}C$ and $32^{\circ}C$. However, at$ 5^{\circ}C$, the biodegradation rate of soap was better than other surfactants. Considering the actual environment of the river, it was concluded that the biological oxygen consumption rate method at lower temperature was more practical than the current method such as methylene blue assay with adapted shaking flask culture at $25^{\circ}C$

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.753-758
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• 2016

Moisture content influences physiological characteristics of microbes and physical structure of solid matrices during composting of animal manure. If moisture content is maintained at a proper level, aerobic microorganisms show more active oxygen consumption during composting due to increased microbial activity. In this study, optimum moisture levels for composting of two bedding materials (sawdust, rice hull) and two different mixtures of bedding and beef manure (BS, Beef cattle manure+sawdust; BR, Beef cattle manure+rice hull) were determined based on oxygen uptake rate measured by a pressure sensor method. A broad range of oxygen uptake rates (0.3 to 33.3 mg $O_2/g$ VS d) were monitored as a function of moisture level and composting feedstock type. The maximum oxygen consumption of each material was observed near the saturated condition, which ranged from 75% to 98% of water holding capacity. The optimum moisture content of BS and BR were 70% and 57% on a wet basis, respectively. Although BS's optimum moisture content was near saturated state, its free air space kept a favorable level (above 30%) for aerobic composting due to the sawdust's coarse particle size and bulking effect.