• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1403-1414
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• 2021

Objective: This study explored the mechanism of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway under conditions of zearalenone (ZEA)-induced oxidative stress in the duodenum of post-weaning gilts. Methods: Forty post-weaning gilts were randomly allocated to four groups and fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg ZEA. Results: The results showed significant reductions in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increases the malondialdehyde content with increasing concentrations of dietary ZEA. Immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by showing a significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) with increasing concentrations of ZEA. The relative mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GPX1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05), which was consistent with the immunohistochemical results. The relative mRNA expression of Keap1 decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet. The relative mRNA expression of modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) increased quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups and the relative mRNA expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the ZEA1.0 group and ZEA1.5 group. The relative protein expression of Keap1 and GCLM decreased quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet, respectively. The relative protein expression of NQO1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups in the duodenum. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ZEA regulates the expression of key factors of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the duodenum, which enables resistance to ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of ZEA induced oxidative stress on other tissues and organs in post-weaning gilts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2021

Background: We recently showed that gintonin, an active ginseng ingredient, exhibits antibrain neurodegenerative disease effects including multiple target mechanisms such as antioxidative stress and antiinflammation via the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spinal disease characterized by neurodegenerative changes in motor neurons with subsequent skeletal muscle paralysis and death. However, pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS are still elusive, and therapeutic drugs have not yet been developed. We investigate the putative alleviating effects of gintonin in ALS. Methods: The G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse ALS model was used. Gintonin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration started from week seven. We performed histological analyses, immunoblot assays, and behavioral tests. Results: Gintonin extended mouse survival and relieved motor dysfunctions. Histological analyses of spinal cords revealed that gintonin increased the survival of motor neurons, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, choline acetyltransferase, NeuN, and Nissl bodies compared with the vehicle control. Gintonin attenuated elevated spinal NAD(P) quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression and decreased oxidative stress-related ferritin, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-immunoreactive microglia, S100β-immunoreactive astrocyte, and Olig2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes compared with the control vehicle. Interestingly, we found that the spinal LPA1 receptor level was decreased, whereas gintonin treatment restored decreased LPA1 receptor expression levels in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse, thereby attenuating neurological symptoms and histological deficits. Conclusion: Gintonin-mediated symptomatic improvements of ALS might be associated with the attenuations of neuronal loss and oxidative stress via the spinal LPA1 receptor regulations. The present results suggest that the spinal LPA1 receptor is engaged in ALS, and gintonin may be useful for relieving ALS symptoms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1653-1663
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• 2016

Meat quality is a complex trait influenced by many factors, including genetics, nutrition, feeding environment, animal handling, and their interactions. To elucidate relevant factors affecting pork quality associated with oxidative stress and muscle development, we analyzed protein expression in high quality longissimus dorsi muscles (HQLD) and low quality longissimus dorsi muscles (LQLD) from Duroc pigs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis. Between HQLD (n = 20) and LQLD (n = 20) Duroc pigs, 24 differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of 10 and 14 proteins were highly expressed in HQLD and LQLD, respectively. The 24 proteins have putative functions in the following seven categories: catalytic activity (31%), ATPase activity (19%), oxidoreductase activity (13%), cytoskeletal protein binding (13%), actin binding (12%), calcium ion binding (6%), and structural constituent of muscle (6%). Silver-stained image analysis revealed significant differential expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) between HQLD and LQLD Duroc pigs. LDHA was subjected to in vitro study of myogenesis under oxidative stress conditions and LDH activity assay to verification its role in oxidative stress. No significant difference of mRNA expression level of LDHA was found between normal and oxidative stress condition. However, LDH activity was significantly higher under oxidative stress condition than at normal condition using in vitro model of myogenesis. The highly expressed LDHA was positively correlated with LQLD. Moreover, LDHA activity increased by oxidative stress was reduced by antioxidant resveratrol. This paper emphasizes the importance of differential expression patterns of proteins and their interaction for the development of meat quality traits. Our proteome data provides valuable information on important factors which might aid in the regulation of muscle development and the improvement of meat quality in longissimus dorsi muscles of Duroc pigs under oxidative stress conditions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2011

본 연구는 Monascus pilosus mycelial ethanol extract (MPME)의 간 손상 예방 효과를 관찰할 목적으로 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이로 유도한 비만 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawly계)를 대상으로 실험하였다. 실험동물은 정상 대조군(NC)과 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이군(고지방식이군)으로 분류하였으며, 고지방식이군은 15% lard-1% cholesterol 첨가 5L79 diet로 3주간 성장시켜 비만을 유도한 후 고지방식이 대조군(HF), 0.5% MPME extract 첨가 고지방식이군(MPM) 및 2% CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) 첨가 고지방식이군(CLA)의 4개군 (n=5)으로 나누어 7주 동안 성장시켜 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1일 평균 체중증가량은 NC군은 3.48 g, HF군은 4.48 g인데 비하여 MPM군과 CLA군은 각각 3.09 g 및 4.38 g으로 HF군에 비하여 각각 31.03% 및 2.24%의 감소를 나타내었다. 체중에 대한 간 중량(%)은 모든 실험군에서 NC군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나 MPM군은 HF군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며 CLA군은 HF군과의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간 조직손상의 지표로 이용되는 혈청 ALT와 AST의 활성은 HF군에서는 NC군 보다 2.70배 및 2.55배가 각각 증가하였으며, CLA군은 NC군의 수준으로 회복되지는 못하였으나 HF군에 비해 현저히 감소하였고 MPM군에서는 정상상태인 NC군 수준으로 감소되었다. MPM군과 CLA군의 간조직 reduced glutathione의 함량은 HF군에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 이와 반대로 MPM 및 CLA군의 과산화지질 함량은 현저하게 낮았다. HF군의 간 조직 xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)의 type O활성과 O/T ratio는 NC군에 비해 증가하였으며, MPM과 CLA군의 경우에는 HF군에 비해 감소하였다. 또한 HF군의 간 조직 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 및 glutathione Stransferase (GST)의 활성은 NC군에 비해 감소하였으나 MPM과 CLA군에서는 HF군에 비해 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 본 실험의 결과로서는 MPME의 정확한 간 보호기전을 알 수가 없으나 MPME는 지방의 흡수를 억제함과 동시에 SOD와 같은 ROS 제거계 효소의 유도를 통하여 비만과 간 조직 손상을 예방하거나 경감시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.