• 제목/요약/키워드: Oxidative reaction

검색결과 462건 처리시간 0.033초

Development of Estimation Methods of Skin Oxidation and Evaluation of Anti-Oxidative Effects of Genistein in Topical Formulations

  • Kim, Seong-Yeon;Na, Yeon-Joo;Kim, Dong-Ju;Kim, Yeong-Seok;Kim, Hyeong-Min;Hwang, Sung-Ha;Kwak, Ji-Yeon;Kuh, Hyo-Jeong;Lee, Jae-Hwi
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2012
  • The objective of the present study was to establish the method of measurement of hydrogen peroxide and to estimate the anti-oxidative effect of genistein in the skin. UVB induced skin oxidation and anti-oxidative effect of genistein formulations were evaluated by determining levels of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism involved in the determination of hydrogen peroxide is based on a color reaction between ferric ion ($Fe^{3+}$) and xylenol orange, often called FOX assay and subsequent monitoring of absorbance values of the reactant at 540 nm. The reaction was to some extent pH-dependent and detection sensitivity was greatest at pH 1.75. Genistein liposomal gel demonstrated better anti-oxidative effect with regard to lowering hydrogen peroxide levels elevated by UVB irradiation compared to genistein-suspended gel. A linear relationship has been observed between anti-oxidative effect of genistein and drug deposition in the skin tissue. Genistein liposomal gel resulting in the localization of the drug in the deeper skin led to improved anti-oxidative effect compared to genistein gel. The suggested method for evaluation of oxidation of the skin can be used as a tool to screen effective anti-oxidative agents and their delivery systems acting on the skin.

산화첨가반응의 수득률에 미치는 용매효과에 관한 이론적 연구 (Theoretical Study of Solvent Effect on Yield of Oxidative Addition Reaction)

  • 이철재;김병소
    • 공업화학
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.586-589
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 1,3-dicarbonyl 화합물과 올레핀 화합물의 산화첨가반응에서 $Ag_2CO_3$/celite (SC)를 촉매로 하여 1,3-cycleohexandion (1,3-CHD)과 ethyl vinyl ether (EVE)를 acetonitrile (AN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), benzene (BZ), heptane (HT)을 각각 용매로 하여 반응을 진행시켜 보았다. 그 결과 수득률이 78, 40, 15, 10%로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 용매의 효과에 따른 수득률의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 하이퍼캠의 반경험적 방법으로 PM3와 ZINDO/1 파라미터를 이용하여 이론적 고찰을 해 보았다.

이합체성 올리고디옥시리보핵산의 합성 (Synthesis of Dimeric Oligodeoxyribonucleotide)

  • 송정섭
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.1566-1571
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    • 2007
  • 생리학적 활성을 가지고 있을 것으로 예측되는 디-아세틸렌 결합으로 연결된 oligodeoxyribonucleotide를 합성하였다. Pd(0)촉매를 사용한 Heck-type C-C 결합반응을 통하여 2'-deoxyuridine의 5-위치에 acetylene 기를 도입하고, 5'-OH를 t-butyldimethylsilyl로 보호한 후, Glaser oxidative coupling 반응을 이용하여 dimerization을 시켰다.

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Peroxy Acid Oxidations: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Oxidative Decarboxylation of $\alpha$-Keto Acids by Peroxomonophosphoric Acid

  • Radhasyam Panda
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.909-913
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    • 2001
  • The kinetics of oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and benzoylformic acid by peroxomonophosphoric acid (PMPA) in aqueous medium have been investigated. The reaction follows second order-first order each in PMPA and substrate concentration a t constant pH. The reactivity of different peroxo species in the oxidation has been determined. Activation energy and thermodynamic parameters have been computed. A plausible mechanism consistent with the observed results is proposed.

망간산화물을 이용한 TNT 환원부산물의 산화-결합반응에 의한 제거 연구 (Removal of TNT Reduction Products via Oxidative-Coupling Reaction Using Manganese Oxide)

  • 강기훈;임동민;신현상
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.476-485
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 망간산화물을 이용하여 TNT 환원부산물들의 산화-결합반응(oxidative-coupling reaction)에 의한 변환반응을 조사하였다. 회분식 실험으로부터 일반 토양중에 존재하는 망간산화물의 하나인 버네사이트(birnessite)에 의해 실험에 사용한 TNT 환원부산물들이 완전히 변환되고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이러한 변환의 주요 원인은 산화-결합반응을 통한 중합체 형성에 기인한 것임을 M/S 분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 각 TNT 환원부산물을 대상으로 버네사이트의 양에 따른 반응속도 실험을 통해 유사-일차 반응상수를 구하였고, 이로부터 버네사이트 비표면적에 대해 표준화한 반응상수, $k_{surf}$를 도출하였다. 아민기를 두 개 가지고 있는 diaminonitrotoluenes (DATs)의 $k_{surf}$값($1.49{\sim}1.91\;L/m^2{\cdot}day$)이 아민기를 하나 가지고 있는 dinitroaminotoluenes (DNTs)의 $k_{surf}$값($1.15{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}2.09{\times}10^{-2}\;L/m^2{\cdot}day$)에 비해 약 $10^2$배 정도 큼을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 DNTs 혹은 DATs들간의 $k_{surf}$값을 비교함으로써 ortho 위치에 있는 아민기가 para 위치의 아민기에 비해 버네사이트에 의한 산화반응에 유리함을 확인할 수 있었다. TNT가 다양한 반응매개체(mediator)의 존재 하에서 상호결합 반응(cross-coupling)에 의해 제거되기는 어려우나, $Fe^0$ 및 망간산화물에 의한 연속처리로부터 TNT를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

망간산화물에 의한 방향족 유기화합물의 산화-공유결합반응 및 이를 이용한 오염토양 정화기법 (Oxidative-Coupling Reaction of Aromatic Compounds by Mn Oxide and Its Application for Contaminated Soil Remediation)

  • 강기훈;신현상;남경필
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2007
  • 토양환경내 오염물질의 고정화 현상은 오염물질의 거동을 결정하는 주요 과정중 하나이다. 특히 생물화학적 반응에 대해 비가역적이며, 이로부터 오염물질의 독성도 동시에 제거되는 산화-공유결합반응에 의한 고정화 반응은 오염물질의 주요한 자연정화 메커니즘중 하나일 뿐만 아니라, 이를 공학적으로 응용함으로써 기존의 분해에 의존해 오던 정화 방법에 비해 보다 효과적으로 오염토양 및 지하수의 복원에 적용될 수 있다. 특히 이러한 산화-공유결합반응을 일으키는 촉매로서의 역할을 하는 망간산화물은 미생물 자체, 혹은 미생물을 포함한 균류, 식물체 등으로부터 추출한 산화-환원 효소를 이용하는 것에 비해 실용적인 측면에서 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 망간산화물을 이용한 유기오염물질의 정화 기작에 대한 최근의 다양한 연구 결과들을 정리하였다. 특히 망간산화물에 대해 반응성을 가지지 않는 안정한 유기오염물의 처리를 위한 관련 연구로서 반응매개체를 적용한 사례와, PAHs 처리기법, $Fe^0$를 이용한 환원 전처리 등 적절한 전처리 기법과의 조합에 의한 처리방법 등에 대한 연구결과를 소개하였으며, 이로부터 보다 광범위한 적용 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 자연계 내에서 일어나는 탄소의 순환과정을 고려할 때 산화-공유결합 반응에 의한 고정화 및 안정화 반응은 특히 분해에 대해 높은 내성을 가지는 방향족 유기오염물질의 제거에 보다 효과적으로 적용될 수 있는 친환경적 기법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Enhancing the oxidative stabilization of isotropic pitch precursors prepared through the co-carbonization of ethylene bottom oil and polyvinyl chloride

  • Liu, Jinchang;Shimanoe, Hiroki;Nakabayashi, Koji;Miyawaki, Jin;Choi, Jong-Eun;Jeon, Young-Pyo;Yoon, Seong-Ho
    • Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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    • 제67권
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    • pp.358-364
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    • 2018
  • An isotropic pitch precursor for fabricating carbon fibres was prepared by co-carbonization of ethylene bottom oil(EBO) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Various pre-treatments of EBO and PVC, and a high heating rate of $3^{\circ}C/min$ with no holding time, were evaluated for their effects on the oxidative stabilization process and the mechanical stability of the resulting fibres. Our stabilization process enhanced the volatilization, oxidative reaction and decomposition properties of the precursor pitch, while the addition of PVC both decreased the onset time and accelerated the oxidative reaction. Aliphatic carbon groups played a critical role in stabilization. Microstructural characterization indicated that these were first oxidised to carbon-oxygen single bonds and then converted to carbon-oxygen double bonds. Due to the higher heating rate and lack of a holding step during processing,the resulting thermoplastic fibers did not completely convert to thermoset materials, allowing partially melted, adjacent fibres to fuse. Fiber surfaces were smooth and homogeneous. Of the various methods evaluated herein, carbon fibers derived from pressure-treated EBO and PVC exhibited the highest tensile strength. This work shows that enhancing the naphthenic component of a pitch precursor through the co-carbonization of pre-treated EBO with PVC improves the oxidative properties of the resulting carbon fibers.

Overexpressed Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Protects PC12 Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide and Serum-deprivation

  • Lee, Yun-Song;Yu, Seung-A
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2003
  • Oxidative damage to mitochondria is a critical mechanism in necrotic or apoptotic cell death induced by many kinds of toxic chemicals. Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins are known to play protective roles in organisms under oxidative stress through redox reaction by using reducing equivalents of cysteines at a conserved active site, Cys-X-X-Cys. Whereas biological and physiological properties of Trx1 are well characterized, significance of mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2) is not well known. Therefore, we addressed physiological role of Trx2 in PC12 cells under oxidative stress. In PC12 cells, transiently overexpressed Trx2 significantly reduced cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, whereas mutant Trx2, having serine residues instead of two cysteine residues at the active site did not. In addition, stably expressed Trx2 protected PC12 cells from serum deprivation. These results suggest that Trx2 may play defensive roles in PC12 cells by reducing oxidative stress to mitochondria.

파라-페닐렌디아민이 함유(含有)된 산화형(酸化形) 영구염모제(永久染毛制)의 물리화학적(物理化學的) 특성평가(特性評價)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Physico-Chemical Property Evaluation of Oxidative Permanent Hair Color Products Containing p-Phenylene Diamine)

  • 하병조;전동원;김경선
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.136-144
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    • 2005
  • Oxidative hair color is currently widely used because of its beautiful light color and good dyeability. In this study, hair color, oxidative agents, and dye intermediate were reacted. Modifier, which changes color with various hue, and alkaline agent, which opens the cuticle of hair fiber and enhances the dyeing reaction, were added. For gel formation, isocetyl alcohol was used as solvent in preparing three kinds of permanent oxidative hair color. Physiochemical study of prepared permanent oxidative hair color was done for basic information acquisition. Acid perspiration test, pH measurement both at room temperature and at high temperature, drop movement test, dyeability efficiency upon the amount of hydrogen peroxide added, and humidity fastness were studied. Shampoo fastness and light fastness of prepared permanent oxidative hair color dyed hair sample were also investigated. All three kinds of hair color prepared showed good properties overall, however, dyed hair sample became reddish upon shampoo fastness and lightfastness tests.