• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.936-941
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• 2006

To prevent human body injury from oxidative stress, antioxidants are very important and many research about antioxidants are generally being conducted. Hydrogen peroxide$(H_20_2)$ that is one of vitality oxygen species has been seen that cause various diseases, DNA damage and gene change. We have already known that the inhibition effect of Zizania latifolia Radix, Rhizoma on apoptosis induced by $H_2O_2$ in Neuro2A cell. And the purpose of this study was that we made a comparative study on the inhibition effect of apoptosis in Neuro2A cell on the region of Zizania latifolia(Radix, Rhizoma, Herba). Neuro2A cells were cultivated in RPMI(GibcoBRL) with 5% FBS and treated with $H_2O_2$ and Zizania latifolia(Radix, Rhizoma, Herba). Separately we measured the cell viability and analyzed DNA fragmentation. Activity of PARP, Cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3, p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 in the cell was examined by using western blot. The results obtained were as Follows: The cell viability in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment (60ug/m1<) decreased significantly compared with that of none treatment(p<0.001). Zizania latifolia Radix increased cell viability was most effective of three regions. But we had no significant difference among three regions. All of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) increased cell viability about twice as much as that being injury by $H_2O_2$,(Zizania Latifolia (Radix, nhizoma, Herba) 20ug/m1, $H_2O_2$ 200uM, p<0.001). DNA fragmentation developed by $H_2O_2$, but was not developed in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment. PARP, Cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activated all by $H_2O_2$ but were not activated in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment. P53, P2l and Bax activated by $H_2O_2$, and Bcl-2 got into inactivation. But the opposite results appeared in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) inhibit the development of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis by $H_2O_2$and the antioridant action of all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) is effective.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.164-176
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• 2016

This study was perfomed to investigate the effects of Chunghyul-plus(CHP) on oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in db/db mouse. After treatment with CHP, safety in cytotoxicity, heavy metal toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide (N0) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-Ib, TNF-a, IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, GLP-1, glucose, food intake, body weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and histologic change of liver and aorta were measured in db/db mouse after oral administration of CHP. CHP showed safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver and kidney for logn time administration. CHP increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. CHP showed significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and showed inhibitory effect on nitiric oxide(NO) compared to control group. CHP decreased cytokine IL-6 production significantly, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α compared to control group. CHP decreased body and organ weitht, intake food, and glucose levels compared to control group. CHP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly, and decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to control group. CHP decreased atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor significantly. CHP increased serum insulin and GLP-1 compared to control group. In histologic examination, lipophagy in the liver and aorta decreased in CHP treated mice and the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear compared to control group. These results suggest that CHP is effective in antioxidation activity and treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of roasting temperature on nutrient content, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidative properties of sesame seed juice. The sesame seeds were either roasted at 160, 200, and $240^{\circ}C$ or not roasted, and the juice was extracted using a low-speed juice extractor. Owing to the short duration of roasting, benzo[a]pyrene were not detected and trans fatty acids were negligible detected in all sesame seed juices. The sesame seed juice contained abundant nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids. The contents of minerals, vitamin B1 and B3, and sesamol increased with increase in roasting temperature; however, the levels of fatty acids, vitamin B2, sesamin, and sesamolin decreased. In addition, the antioxidant content and antioxidative activities of sesame seed juice increased with increase in roasting temperature. Therefore, these results suggest that roasted sesame seed juice possesses high antioxidative activities, which may be beneficial for preventing oxidative damage in the body.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four kinds of tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts on the antioxidant defense systems as well as the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in ethanol administered ICR mice. According to the results, treatment with puerh tea significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity and glutathion reductase activity in liver. In addition, the group treated with oolong tea exhibited higher superoxide dismutase activity and glutathion reductase activity in serum than those of puerh tea, green tea and black tea treated groups. The oolong tea and puerh tea also reduced malondealdehyde contents in both liver and serum. These results suggested that puerh tea and oolong tea were the most effective against alcohol-induced oxidative damage among the Camellia sinensis teas. On the other hand, in the measurement of alcohol break-down enzyme activities, the group treated with green tea exhibited the highest hepatic ADH and ALDH activities, suggesting that the group treated with green tea might be useful for alcohol down-regulation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2019

Purpose: Alpha-amanitin induces potent oxidative stress and apoptosis, and may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. This study examined the mechanisms of α-amanitin-induced apoptosis in vitro, and whether green tea extract (GTE) offers protection against hepatic damage caused by α-amanitin (AMA) induced apoptosis in vivo. Methods: The effects of GTE and SIL on the cell viability of cultured murine hepatocytes induced by AMA were evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed by an analysis of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3. In the in vivo protocol, mice were divided into the following four groups: control group (0.9% saline injection), AMA group (α-amanitin 0.6 mg/kg), AMA+SIL group (α-amanitin and silibinin 50 mg/kg), and AMA+GTE group (α-amanitin and green tea extract 25 mg/kg). After 48 hours of treatment, the hepatic aminotransferase and the extent of hepatonecrosis of each subject was evaluated. Results: In the hepatocytes exposed to AMA and the tested antidotes, the cell viability was significantly lower than the AMA only group. An analysis of DNA fragmentation showed distinctive cleavage of hepatocyte nuclear DNA in the cells exposed to AMA. In addition, the AMA and GTE or SIL groups showed more relief of the cleavage of the nuclear DNA ladder. Similarly, values of caspase-3 in the AMA+GTE and AMA+SIL groups were significantly lower than in the AMA group. The serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in the AMA group than in the control and significantly lower in the AMA+GTE group. In addition, AMA+GTE induced a significant decrease in hepatonecrosis compared to the controls when a histologic grading scale was used. Conclusion: GTE is effective against AMA-induced hepatotoxicity with its apoptosis regulatory properties under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1250-1259
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• 2018

In this study, Momordica charantia (MC) fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides (MC-LM) were assessed for the antioxidant and the antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant activities of MC and MC-LM were evaluated using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radical. Although MC-treated groups showed little activity, 47% of activity was observed at $500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration for MC-LM and increased significantly(p<0.05) as MC-LM concentration increased. MC-LM more effectively inhibited the oxidative damage of DNA by peroxyl radical than MC and the inhibition of the strand breakage increased significantly as MC-LM concentration increased(p<0.05). Measuring the inhibition of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity, which is closely related to the regulation of blood sugar, resulted in MC reduced the activity of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ by 30% at 8 mg/mL and MC-LM at the same concentration by 60%. In addition, the effect of MC-LM on the cell viability of alloxan-treated RIN-m5F resulted in a significant increase in cell survival(p<0.05) in the group treated with MC-LM and a 20% increase in the concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$. As a result of insulin secretion by alloxan-treated RIN-m5F cell, the level of insulin secretion tended to increase in all group treated with MC-LM. At the concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$, the insulin secretion was increased by 15% in MC-LM group than in MC group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that fermented bitter gourd has antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2019

Ergothioneine has been known as an excellent antioxidant and a cellular protector against oxidative damage in vivo. In the present study, ergothioneine was demonstrated to possess antioxidant and anti-glycation activities. The radical scavenging activity of ergothioneine enhanced the viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. The UVA irradiation increased the proportion of senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) positive cells in comparison with the normal control group. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDFs with ergothioneine decreased the level of SA-b-gal (by approximately 45% at an ergothioneine concentration of $400{\mu}M$) compared with the UVA-irradiated HDFs. We also found that ergothioneine inhibited production of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ergothioneine educed carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) expression in comparison to the glyoxal treatment. In addition, in the Western blot analysis, treatment of glyoxal-stimulated HDFs with ergothioneine resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the expression level of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). These results suggest that ergothioneine may have potent anti-aging effects and could be used as a cosmetic material against cellular accumulation of AGEs.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2018

The leaves of Spiraea prunifolia were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ or ODS column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of two phenolic glucosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as isosalicin (1) and crenatin (2) based on spectroscopic analyses including Nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. Extracts were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS providing a short analysis time within 5 min using MRM technique. The concentration of crenatin was higher as 9.53 mg/g and isosalicin was lower as 0.65 mg/g. Neuroprotective effects of these compounds against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed that exposure to $H_2O_2$ induced morphological changes, cell death and neurotoxicity in SK-N-MC cells. However, pretreatment with crenatin resulted in inhibition of morphological change, reduction of loss of cell viability and attenuation of neuronal damage. These results suggested that neuroprotective effect of crenatin isolated from S. prunifolia can be a good candidate for the development of health beneficial foods which can ameliorate the degenerative neuronal disease caused by oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.288-296
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• 2022

This study aimed to verify the effect of Citrus unshiu peel water extract (CUP) on a mouse model of acute gastritis (AG) induced by HCl/ethanol. Several studies have found that CUP has anti-inflammatory effects. The AG model was induced by oral administration of 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol (550 µL) to all groups except the control group. Also, for drug treatment, sucralfate (10 mg/kg) and CUP (100 or 200 mg/kg) were orally administered for 90 minutes before induction. The effect of CUP treatment was confirmed by gross gastric mucosal damage measurement, and the levels of Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), and myeloperoxidase were reduced as well as the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and their related proteins. In addition, the levels of inflammatory proteins, mediators, and cytokines were significantly downregulated byPI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, these results show that CUP treatment alleviates AG by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2022

Streptococcus sp. is generally known as a strain that produces hyaluronic acid. In this study, we focused on ingredients other than hyaluronic acid among several metabolites produced by Streptococcus sp. during cultivation. The hair experimental sample (HAIRCLE^TM) was prepared with Streptococcus sp. culture filtrate under the condition that hyaluronic acid was not produced and the effect on the hair was identified. Tensile strength of hair was tested with a universal testing machine (UTM). Surface properties of a hair were examined with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Our results suggest that HAIRCLE^TM could prevent damage to a hair such as destroyed-cuticle, increased-faction force, and broken-hair. Furthermore, hair-related experiments confirmed that HAIRCLE^TM could promote the expression of hair growth factors VEGF, HGF, and Wnt10b and mitigate male hair loss by inhibiting androgen receptors and TGF-β2 expression. In addition, it was confirmed that the expression of barrier-related factors (INV, CLDN-1) was increased for oxidative stress, and the COX-2 expression, an inflammatory factor, was inhibited, thereby improving damaged scalp barriers and alleviating induced inflammation.