• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.194-206
• /
• 2004

Objectives : JiaoTeng-Yuan(교등원) is said to be a prescription for preservation of health in $\ulcorner$HuaTuo.ZhongZangJing (화타.중장경)$\lrcorner$. It is known to have the effect of Bu-Shen (보신: strengthening kidney) and Yi-Shou (익수: prolonging the span of one's life). This study investigates whether JTY is effective on inhibition of oxidation stress. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats (12-week-old, weight $300{\pm}20g$) were divided into 3 groups. The normal group (n=8) was injected with PBS (1ml/body, s.c) subcutaneously behind the neck. The control group (n=8) was injected with D-galactose (50mg/kg, 1ml PBS/body, s.c) to induce pathological animals. The JTY group was injected with the same treatment as the control group, and fed containing JTY (10%). All groups were treated 1 time per day for 6 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed anti-oxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, G-px) activity, GSH quantity of RBC and tissue (heart, liver and kidney), and plasma Vit-C quantity were examined. Also, the MDA levels of liver and kidney, lipofuscin of heart and endurance of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results : In the JTY group, RBC's SOD activity decline was halted by 21 % of the normal level, compared to the control group, G-px activity (unit/g of Hb) increased significantly, compared to the normal group, and the level of Vit-C in plasma increased by 16%. Heart's SOD activity was kept at the same level as that of the normal group; and CAT activity decline was halted by 26%. Kidney's CAT and G-px activities were kept at the same level as that shown in the normal group, implying the existence of a halting effect. Liver also showed a slight halting effect against the decline of anti-oxidant ability, but the effect was not significant (${\alpha}=0.05$). A comparison between the levels of peroxide in SD rats showed that the level of TBARS in plasma increased significantly in the control group and that it was normal in the JTY group. The livers in the JTY group, compared to those in the control group, showed 36% halting effect of the normal level while their kidney's indicated the level significantly lower than the normal level. Heart's lipofuscin increased significantly in the control group, but was alike in both the JTY and the normal groups. Endurance of erythrocyte membrane (%) decreased significantly in the control group while it was kept at the similar level in both the JTY and the normal groups, indicating the halting effect. Conclusions : This study suggests that JTY is effective to defend oxidation stress caused by D-galactose in the animals. It showed that the anti-oxidant ability was maintained and strengthened. On the other hand, it reduced the level of peroxide in animals. In sum, JTY appeared to have the equilibrium normal physiological function in SD rat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2018

The leaves and stems of Dendropanax morbiferus were separated from organic solvents with methanol. The organic solvent fractions were fractionated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol according to the systematic fractionation method. Oxidation in the body induces aging, and antioxidant activity has attracted the attention of many people as a preventive component to suppress negative reactions in the body. To investigate the antioxidant activity of Dendropanax morbiferus were subjected to DPPH free radical assay. In addition, acetyl cholinesterase inhibitions were performed for Alzheimer's disease as an aging neurological disease. As a result, it was confirmed that the antioxidant effect of DPPH was generally good in the antioxidant test. The ethyl acetate fractions of Dendropanax morbiferus stems and leaves were $IC_{50}=30{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition experiments were carried out at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Dendropanax morbiferus stems fractions showed dichloromethane fraction of 57.68%, which significantly inhibited the activity of acetyl cholinesterase.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2001

The effects of organophosphorus were examined with inhibition of the cholinesterase activity on tile chicken plasma in vivo and in vitro. The cholinesterase activity in chicken plasma determined by tile Ellman mettled was $23{\mu}mol$/min/g protein. After oral administration with 0.2 and 0.5 times of organophosphorus terbufos $LD_{50}$(1.81 mg/kg), cholinesterase activity were inhibited to 36% and 96% of control after 15min in vivo, respectively. After oral administration with 0.2 and 0.5 times of terbufos $LD_{50}$(1.81 mg/kg), then the recovery of cholinesterase activity followed to 99% and 56% of control after 11hr, respectively. Ki of phosphorodithioate and phosphorothioate with P=S was $74{\sim}322\;mole^{-1}min^{-1}$ in vitro. Ki of phosphate and phosphorothiolate with P=O was $13898{\sim}79610\;mole^{-1}min^{-1}$. Toxicology of organophosphorus with P=S was higher than that of organophosphorus with P=S by oxidation. $pI_{50}$ of phosphorodithioate and phosphorothioate with P=S was $21{\sim}102$ mg/L. $pI_{50}$ of phosphate and phosphorothiolate with P=O was $0.519{\sim}0.071$ mg/L. Enzyme-Inhibition method with cholinesterase was the rapid bioassay method to detect the organohpophorus pesticides in vitro.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.76-82
• /
• 2006

This study was purposed to investigated the antioxidant effects of water (VLWS) and aqua-acupuncture solution (VLAS) from root of Vitis labrusca. VLWS and VLAS was were assessed to determine the mechanisms of its antioxidant activities. The VLWS and VLAS exhibitde a concentration-dependent inhibition of DPPH free radicals. This VLWS-mediated antioxidant activity was similar to that L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In addition, the VLWS and VLAS showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, including superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, using different assay systems. The VLWS and VLAS were also found to be strongly inhibited linoleic acid oxidation in a ferric thiocyanate assay (FTC) system. Finally, the VLWS and VLAS significantly prevented Fenton's reagent-induced DNA nicking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.94.2-95
• /
• 2003

E. intermedium 60-2G possessing a strong ability to solubilize insoluble phosphate, has plant growth-promoting activity, induced systemic resistance activity against scab pathogen in cucumber, and antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. The phosphate solubilizing activity of 60-2G may be mainly accomplished by production of gluconic acid through a direct extracellular oxidation of glucose by glucose dehydrogenase that required a PQQ cofactor for its activation. A pqq gene cluster conferred Phosphate-solubilizing activity in E. coli DH5${\alpha}$ was cloned and sequenced. The 6,783 bP pqq sequence had six open reading frames (from A to F) and showed 50-95％ homology to pqq genes from other bacteria. The E. coli strain expressing the pqq genes solubilized phosphate from hydroxyapatite after a pH drop to 4.0, which paralleled in time the secretion of gluconic acid. To study the role of PQQ in biocontrol traits of E. intermedium, PQQ mutants of 60-2G were constructed by marker exchangee mutagenesis. The PQQ mutants of E. intermedium were lost activities of solubilizing phosphate, growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi, and plant growth promotion. These findings suggest that PQQ plays an important role, possibly activation of certain enzymes, in several beneficial bacterial traits of E. intermedium by as yet an unknown mechanism.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.574-581
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the inhibition effects of fermented soybean on lipid perosidation and antioxidative relative enzyme activity. in vivo. Fermented soybean was induced the high SOD activity, while significantly inhibited on the peroxide value of linoleic acid and lipid perxidation from rat microsome induced by Fe$^{2+}$ ascorbate system, Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats were fed basic diet, and experimental diets group added 200 or 500 mg/kg fermented soybean for 2 weeks. The effect of fermented soybean is also significantly increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome in a dose dependent manner. Therefore, these results suggest that fermented soybean has antioxidative activity which is related enzyme to prevention of oxidative stress.s.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2011

Background: In this study, we have investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 in human keratinocytes. Also, to examine the antioxidative effect of red ginseng extracts, free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human dermal fibroblasts was measured. Methods: To investigate the effect of KRG in atopic dermatitis, we measured the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 secretion in LPS-stimulated human keratinocytes after the treatment of KRG extracts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-oxidative activity was investigated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and SOD activity. Results: The stimulation of human keratinocytes with KRG extracts shifted the LPS-induced cytokine secretion toward a more immunosuppressive response. KRG dose-dependently decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells and a significant inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ was shown when cells were treated with 500 and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts. Additionally, KRG extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, SOD activities of concentrations higher than $60{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts were significantly different in human dermal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Based on this study, KRG extracts may be a useful immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2001

We have employed chemical modification to identify amino acids essential for the catalytic activity of alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4) from garlic (Allium sativum). Alliinase degrades S-alkyl-L cysteine sulfoxides, causing the characteristic odor of garlic. The activity of alliinase was rapidly and completely inactivated by N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) and slightly decreased by succinic anhydride and N-acetylimidazole. These results indicate that tryptophanyl, lysyl, and tyrosyl residues play an important role in enzyme catalysis. The reaction of alliinase with NBA yielded a characteristic decrease in both the absorbance at 280 nm and the intrinsic fluorescence at 332 nm with increasing reagent concentration of NBS, consistent with the oxidation of tryptophan residues. Kinetic analysis, fluorometric titration of tryptophans and correlation to residual alliinase activity showed that modification of only one residue present on alliinase led to complete inhibition of alliinase activity. To identify this essential tryptophan residue, we employed chemical modification by NBS in the presence and absence of the protecting substrate analogue, S-ethyl-L-cysteine (SEC) and N-terminal sequence analysis of peptide fragment isolated by reverse phase-HPLC. A fragment containing residues 179-188 was isolated. We conclude that Trp182 is essential for alliinase activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.1712-1717
• /
• 2012

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. In this study, human LDL was isolated and oxidized using $CuSO_4$ in the presence or absence of S-allylmercaptocysteine. Oxidative modification of the LDL fraction was monitored by both the appearance of thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS), an increase in electrophoretic mobility, and conjugated diene formation. The addition of S-allylmercaptocysteine reduced lipid peroxide formation, indicating it to be an effective antioxidant. The inhibition of LDL oxidation by $5{\sim}20{\mu}g/ml$ S-allylmercaptocysteine occurred in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by the TBARS assay. S-allylmercaptocysteine at $20{\mu}g/ml$ almost completely inhibited the $Cu^{2+}$ induced increases in electrophoretic mobility of LDL and almost completely inhibited conjugated diene formation. A more potent antioxidative activity was observed for S-allylmercaptocysteine than for either Vitamin C or $d{\ell}-{\alpha}$-tocopherol. Thus, S-allylmercaptocysteine aid in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease.