• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extracts from Allium victoriallis L. var. platyphyllum (AVP) with 6 different parts. The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using the 4 separate methods that involved reducing power, DPPH, hydrogen radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation with use of a $\beta$-carotene/linoleic acid system. The leaf part ethanolic extracts (1,000 ppm) showed the strongest inhibitory potential for reducing power, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals to 99.8, 49.4, and 52.8%, respectively. Inhibition values of linoleic oxidation were calculated as 58.0, 39.5, and 38.0% for seed, flower, and leaf ethanolic extracts (1,000 ppm), respectively, from AVP. In addition, the ethanolic extracts of the root part showed the most effective antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zones of the root ethanolic extracts ($200\;{\mu}g/disc$) of AVP against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were 17 and 14 mm, respectively. In a micro-dilution assay, B. cereus, S. aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus exhibited sensitivity to root part ethanolic extracts with an minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 20, 28, and 18 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the AVP extracts may be suitable as antimicrobial and antioxidative agents in the food industry.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.26-41
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• 2009

Objectives: The experiment was to estimate the value of Saengmaegsan as a therapeutic anti-aging agent with an analysis of ingredients and their bio-activating effects by enzymologic methods. Methods: We analyzed anti-aging effects of the ingredients of Saengmaegsan being Liriope Platyphylla, Schizandrae Chinensis, and Schizandrae Chinensis. Results: In Liriope Platyphylla and Schizandrae Chinensis, reducing sugar concentration was shown at the highest level. Of mineral contents, K+ and Na+ were the highest in Saengmaegsan and each ingredient also, and then Ca++ and Al. The amount of polyphenol showed was in order Schizandrae Chinensis > Saengmaegsan > Panax Ginseng > Liriope Platyphylla. The electron donating ability of Schizandrae Chinensis doubled that of Saengmaegsan and Panax Ginseng, at the same time that one per 1 ml in Saengmaegsan was significantly found the greatest level as compared to each single ingredient. SOD-like activity was high in Saengmaegsan and Schizandrae Chinensis. SOD-like activity of Saengmaegsan was higher than in single components. Nitric oxide inhibition in pH 1.2 was high in Saengmaegsan and Schizandrae Chinensis, and for per 1 ml it showed the same pattern as above. In pH 3.0 the result was not different from in pH 1.2. Xanthine oxidase inhibition was high in Schizandrae Chinensis and for per 1 ml showed the greatest activity in Liriope Platyphylla. Tyrosinase inhibition in Omija was the most noticeable, and for per 1 ml was Liriope Platyphylla more than any others. Conclusions: With this analysis of ingredients, it is proven that Saengmaegsan and each component fosters antioxidation. On the whole, the composite prescription Saengmaegsan was superior to each individual component.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2000

A new synthetic method of 6-(1-oxyalkyl)-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones was developed, 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene was oxidized to form 6-formyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone(DMNQ). This was selectively reduced and benzylated to produce 6-formyl-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-dibenzyloxynaphthalene, to which various alkylmagnesium halide were added, followed by debenzylation and oxidation in sequence, yielding 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-DMNQ derivatives. 6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-5,8-diethoxy-1,4-naphthalene (DENQ) derivatives were synthesized by similar procedure. 1'-OH of the naphthoquinone derivatives was acylated with various alkanoic acids to give 6-(1-acyloxyalkyl)-DMNQ or DENQ derivatives. TOPO-I inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of DENQs were less potent than that of DMNQs. Among the DMNQ and DENQ analogues, the ones with alkyl group being heptyl were most potent in TOPO-I inhibition $IC_{50}$/; 30.1, 36.4 $\mu$M). DUNQ derivatives with a longer side chain exhibited a weaker cytotoxicity. A correlation between size of the alkyl side chain and cytotoxicity was not observed for DENQ derivatives. Acylation of 1'-hydroxyl group, in general, decreased both TOPO-I inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity T/C (%) values of the DENQ derivatives on S-180 intraperitoneal tumor were larger than those of DMNQ derivatives. Among the compounds synthesized,6-(1-hydroxyheptyl)-DENQ and 6-(1-hex-anoyloxyoctyl)-DMNQ showed the highest T/C values of 183% and 182%, respectively.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have become an environmental havoc in last few decades with reported cases of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), lethal effects over aquatic organisms, interference in natural decomposition of organic matter, reduced diversity of microbial communities in different environmental compartments, inhibition of growth of microbes resulting in reduced rate of nutrient cycling, hormonal imbalance in exposed organisms etc. Owing to their potential towards bioaccumulation and persistent nature, these compounds have longer residence time and activity in environment. The conventional technologies of wastewater treatment have got poor efficiency towards removal/degradation of PhACs and therefore, modern techniques with efficient, cost-effective and environment-friendly operation need to be explored. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) like Photocatalysis, Fenton oxidation, Ozonation etc. are some of the promising, viable and sustainable options for degradation of PhACs. Although energy/chemical or both are essentially required for AOPs, these methods target complete degradation/mineralization of persistent pollutants resulting in no residual toxicity. Considering the high efficiency towards degradation, non-toxic nature, universal viability and acceptability, AOPs have become a promising option for effective treatment of chemicals with persistent nature.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Objectives : Draconis Resina (DR), the resin of Daemonorops draco Bl., is used to circulate the blood and to stop bleeding. It also has been used to generate flesh including ulceration. The present study investigated the effects of DR extract on collagen metabolism in human fibroblasts and tyrosinase activity in mushroom tyrosinase.Methods : The effect of DR extract on type I procollagen production (collagen type I synthesis) and collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1, henceforth referred as MMP-1) activity in human normal fibroblasts cell line. Hs68 cells after ultraviolet B (UVB, 312 nm) irradiation was measured using the enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The tyrosinase activity was also measured to find out the whitening effects in mushroom tyrosinase by ELISA method.Results : There was no cytotoxicity at DR extract at concentrations of 10 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml. DR extract significantly inhibited the increase of collagenase activity, whereas it did not show on the reduction of type I procollagen in UVB damaged Hs68 cells. DR extract did not reduce the L - DOPA oxidation. However, it significantly reduced the tyrosinase activity by DR extract at concentraions of 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml.Conclusions : In conclusion, DR showed the anti-wrinkle and whitening effects via the inhibition of collagenase production and the tyrosinase activity. These results suggest that DR may have potential as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetic herb markets.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Sulfur containing compounds in garlic have all be used as one of the traditional folk medicine as well as food source. The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidative compounds of 1-methyl-1-cysteine, dimethyl trisulfide and 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin. The antioxidative activity of sulfur containing compounds on human LDL was investigated by monitoring a thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS). Sulfur containing compounds inhibited on oxidation of LDL mediated by $CuSO_4$ and macrophages in dose dependent manner with almost completely inhibition at $80{\mu}g/ml$. Antioxidant activities of sulfur containing compounds on LDL oxidation were 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, 1-methyl-1-cysteine, and dimethyl trisulfide in order. Inhibitory effects of sulfur containing compounds on oxidation of LDL mediated by $CuSO_4$ and macrophages were degraded at much greater rate than native LDL, the LDL oxidation process was arrested as shown by the lower conjugated dienes formation at the concentration of $60{\mu}g/ml$. Sulfur containing compounds in garlic revealed at high antioxidative activity at low physiological concentration for human LDL oxidation in vitro specially, it was indicated that the antioxidative activity of 3-viny l-4H-1,2-dithiin was higher than that of the other sulfur containing compounds.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of Houttuyniae Herba extract on anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Methods : The cytotoxicity of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract about viability of Raw 264.7 cell were tested using a colormetric tetrazolium assay(MTT assay). We investigated the inhibitory effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract on Propionibactrium acnes using paper disk diffusion method. To investigate the anti-inflammation effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract on LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell, we used ELISA kit. We evaluated anti-oxidation effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract on HaCaT cell by Enzyme recycling method. Results : 1. In Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract, cell toxicity depended on the density and wasn't difference between two extracts. 2. Houttuyniae Herba water extract and ethanol extract has not the significant inhibition effect of Propionibactrium acnes. 3. Concentration of 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Houttuyniae Herba water extract inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 4. All extracts except for $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Houttuyniae Herba water extract showed anti-oxidation effect by decreasing the DPPH radicals. Conclusion : These results indicate that Houttuyniae Herba extract has anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. If further study is performed, the use of Houttuyniae Herba extract will be valuable and benificial in the therapy of Propionibactrium acnes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 1995

To utilize the mackerel viscera effectively, antioxidant substances were extracted and the effects on the oxidation were evaluated. Total lipid(TL) extracted from mackerel viscera were fractionated into hexane extracts, tetracarbon chloride($CCl_4$)-methanol(1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 9, v/v) extracts, phospholipid(PL), phosphatidylcholine(PC), and PC free fracitons(PCF). Inhibition of fish oil oxidation was investigated using these fractions. Hexane fraction showed lower antioxidant activity compared to the TL or $CCl_4-methanol$ fractions(C-M) ; in addition, antioxidant activities increased as polarity of C-M increased. Significant antioxidant activities were observed with PL, PC, and PCF ; among them, PC was the most effective. To determine the antioxidant activity of PC, effects of natural or synthetic antioxidant were compared. Addition of PC to fish oil proved to enhance antioxidant activity the antioxidant activity of phospholipids was derived mainly from PC.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.690-694
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• 2010

In this study, herbal wood vinegar including Bambusoideae, Cinnamomi Cortex, Zingiberis Rhizoma was tested to see possibility for cosmetic or skin related medicine. Anti-oxidation effect of herbal wood vinegar was tested by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and showed 97% inhibition rate at $50{\mu}g/ml$. Anti-bacterial effect was tested by disc diffusion method, and it indicated strong anti-bacterial activity against normal skin flora Staphylococcus aureus. Whitening effect was measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and it was lower compared with vitamin C. Stability test was done by MTT assay, and cell toxicity was relatively high. Stability was also checked, and there was not significant change in color, aroma, appearance and pH during storage. Anti-atopic dermatitis test was done by hairless mouse and herbal wood vinegar recovered damaged skin to almost normal condition after 9 days of application. IgE concentration in herbal wood vinegar treated mouse was also reduced 30% compared with control. From the study, herbal wood vinegar showed good anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial and anti-atopic dermatitis effect, and had promising application in cosmetic or skin related medicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 1992

The induction of hepatic cytochromes P450 and metabolic effects have been examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following treatment with either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. Hepatic cytochrome P450 levels were higher in males than in females by ~40%. Treatment of male and female rats with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in an ~1.6 and 2-fold increase, respectively, in heptic microsomal cytochrome P450 levels in both sexes, relative to untreated animals. Immunoblot analyses were performed to compare sex-related changes in P450 levels. Hepatic P45IIB1 levels in males were greater than those in females following phenobarbital treatment. 3-Methylcholanthrene-induced male hepatic microsomes exhibited greater levels of P450 females failed to exhibit a band. Mab PCN 2-13-1 against P-45-IIIA recognized an intense in uninduced microsomes from female rats. The levels of P450IIIA in males were increased 2 to 3-fold following treatment with phenobarbital, while the increase of IIIA levels in females by phenobarbital was minimal, as monitored by immunoblot analysis. Solid phase radiommunoassay using monoclonal antibodies supported the results of immunoblot analysis. Phenobarbital treatment caused a 6.5-fold increase in the monoclonal iantibody binding to IIBI in males, whereas treatment of females with phenobarbital resulted of IA levels by 3-methylcholanthrene was also greater in females than in males (10-vs. 8-fold) although the levels of induced IA were comparable inboth sexes, as assessed by radiommunoassay. Radioimmunoassay also showed that hepatic IIEI level was 1.5-fold higher in males than in females and that either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene treatment caused 80% to 40% decrease in IIEL levels, relative to control, in both sexes. Sex-related metabolic activities were examined in hepatic microsomes. Hexobarbital hydroxylase activity was 2-to 3-fold higher in uninduced microsomes from males than that from females. This hydroxylase activity was increased 2-and 3-fold in males and females, respectively, following phenobarbital treatment, as compared to controls. Addition females produced 64% and 84% inhibition of hexobarbital oxidation, respectively. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was increased -12 and 26-fold in males and females respectively. Following phenobarbital treatment, as compared to controls. Addition of anti-P450IIB1 antibody to phenobarbital-induced hepatic microsomes from males and females produced 64% and 84% inhibition of hexobarbital oxidation, respectively. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was increased -12 and 26 fold in males and females, respectively, following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment relative to controls. The anti-P-450IA antibody inhibitable rate of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was comparable in both sexes following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment relative to controls. The anti-P450LA antibody inhibitable rate of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was comparable in both sexes following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment (-70%). These results demonstrate that levels of hepatic P450IIB1 or P450IA are greater in male than in female for untreated, phenobarbital-or-3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative for untreated phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative increase of phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative increase of phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. In addition, the relative increase of P450IIB1 or IA phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene is more significant in females.