• Carbon letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2010

To investigate new potential application of a clay material for C/C composites, illite added C/C composites were prepared with various illite contents. The improvement of filler effect by illite size reduction was also investigated using wet ballmilling by evaluating illite/phenolic resin infiltration using bulk density and porosity measurements, chemical structural changes of the composites using XRD, and thermal oxidation stability in air of the composites using TGA. The size reduction of illite resulted in narrower particle size distribution and improved illite infiltration into carbon preform. And the resultant C/C composites prepared with illite had even more improved thermal oxidation stability in air, showing more increased IDTs up to $100^{\circ}C$, compared to those of the C/C composites with pristine illite, due to the SiC formation through carbothermal reduction between illite and carbon materials. The illite induced delay in oxidation of the illite-C/C composites was also observed and the delayed oxidation behavior was attributed to the layered structure of illite, which improved illite/phenol resin infiltration. Therefore, the potential use of illite as filler to improve oxidation stability of C/C composite can be promising. And the size reduction of illite can improve its effect on the desired properties of illite-C/C composites even more.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.639-642
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• 2004

The pH as a control parameter for oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was investigated through the denitrification by Ochrobactrum anthropi SY509 under non-growing condition. The optimal pH of nitrate reductase was 7.0, and the minimal ORP level was －250 mV for the denitrification under aerobic condition. In the case of anaerobic condition, the optimal pHs of nitrate and nitrite reductase were shifted to 10.0 and 9.0, respectively, and the minimal ORP levels of nitrate and nitrite reductase were decreased to －370 mV and －340mV, respectively. In the case of alkaline pH and anaerobic condition, the denitrification efficiency of nitrate was increased up to about 2-fold over that of neutral pH and anaerobic condition. Therefore, the combined control of pH and ORP in the anaerobic condition is shown to be an important parameter in the biological denitrification process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1990

The redox properties of 2-amino-1-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylate anion (acdc) and its oxovanadium complex, $VO(acdc)_2$ have been investigated in dimethylformamide (DMF) with polarography and cyclic voltammetry. Bis(2-amino-1-cyclopentene-1-dithiocarboxylate) oxovanadium(IV) exhibits two polarographic oxidation waves and two reduction waves in the potential range from +0.50V to - 2.4V vs. the Ag/AgCl (DMF) reference electrode. The second oxidation wave appeared at - 0.08V is found to be reversible and is attributed to the formation of $VO(acdc)_2\;^+$. The first reduction process (at - 0.60V) is also reversible and this reduction process is caused by the electrode process of formation of $VO(acdc)_2$-species. The half wave potential for the reduction, V(IV)$\to$V(III) is more positive for oxovanadium complexes containing sulfur donor atoms than other VO(IV) complexes having oxygen or nitrogen donor atoms.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.703-710
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• 2011

Odor emission from domestic sewer systems has become a serious environmental problem. An investigation on a sewer manhole revealed that anaerobic decay of sediment organic matters (SOMs) and related declines of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in the sediment layer were the main reason of the production of volatile sulfur compounds. In addition, as the anaerobic decaying period continued, the odor intensity rapidly increased with increasing concentrations of $H_2S$ and dimethyl sulfide. As a feasible method to control SOMs and to minimize odor emission potentials, an electrolytic oxidation process has been employed to the sediment sludge phase. In this study, voltages applied to the electrolytic oxidation process were varied as a main system parameter, and its effects on odor removal efficiencies and reaction characteristics were investigated. At the applied voltages greater than 20 V, the system efficiently oxidized the organic matter, and the ORP in the sludge phase increased rapidly. As a consequence, the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide was found to be >99% within 60 minutes of the electrolytic oxidation. Overall, the electrolytic oxidation process can be an alternative to control odor emission from sewer systems, and a threshold input energy needs to be determined to achieve effective operation of the process.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2004

Recycled packed-bed reactor emploring immobilized microorganism was suggested in this paper for efficient denitrification. In the batch reactor, the effects of initial oxidation-reduction potential and nitrate concentration on denitrification were investigated. As the initial oxidation-reduction potential was decresed to -70 mV from ＋40 mV, the removal rate of nitrate was increased to 3.33 from 1.25 m9 NO$_3$$\^$-/-N/min under the experimental conditions. As the initial nitrate-N concentraion was increased to 200 mg/l, the removal rate of nitrate was proportional to the concentration of nitrate. When the concentration of nitrate-N was 400 mg/min, nitrite was detected, and when the initial nitrate-N concentration was reached at 1,000 mg/l, it took longer time for the complete nitrate removal. In order to decrease the initial oxidation-reduction potential and the nitrate-N concentration in the feed stream, the effluent was recycled to the influent stream in the packed-bed reactor. In the case of recycling, the initial oxidation-reduction potential was decreased to 30 mV from 150 mV, and the initial nitrate concentration could be decreased to 85 from 120 mg NO$_3$$\^$-/-N/l. As the result of recycling, the removal rate of nitrate was increased to 91.7% from 49.2%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2003

In this paper, as the new type of multi-lines electrode which can formulate strong non-uniform electric field was installed in strong electrolytic water generator, shapes of pre-discharge in bubble and effects of bubble discharge on pH and oxidation/reduction potential change were intended to investigate. Consequently, as multi-lines electrode was installed in side of anode, pre-discharges generated from anode electrode could be observed. This pre-discharge was generated from differences of permittivities between bubble and water in strong non-uniform electric field. And ion concentration in electrolytic water generator was increased by dissolving of ions generated from bubble discharge. So, as generated high concentration ions were separated and assembled to each electrode and reaction of oxidation/reduction was increased, it was shown that strong electrolytic water could be generated.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

Purpose: This study is about photocatalytic technology and plasma oxidation-reduction technology. To the main cause of exposure to odor pollution, two deodorization techniques were applied to develop a module with higher removal efficiency and ozone reduction effect. Research design, data and methodology: A composite module was constructed by arranging two types of dry deodorization equipment (catalyst, adsorbent) in one module. This method was designed to increase the responsiveness to the components of complex odors and the environment. standard, unity, two types of oxidizing photo-catalyst technology and plasma dry deodorization device installed in one module to increase the potential by reduction to 76% of ozone, 100%, and 82%. Results: The complex odor disposal efficiency was 92%. Ammonia was processed with 50% hydrogen sulfide and 100% hydrogen sulfide, and ozone was 0.01ppm, achieving a target value of 0.07ppm or less. The combined odor showed a disposal efficiency of 93%, ammonia was 82% and hydrogen sulfide was 100% processed, and ozone achieved a target value of 0.07 ppm or less. Conclusions: Ozone removal efficiency was 76% by increasing Oxidation-Reduction Reaction(ORR). The H2S removal efficiency of the deodorizer was higher than that of the biofilter system currently used in sewage disposal plants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.527-530
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• 1998

This paper presents the electrochemistry and molecular orbital (MO) picture of a series of conformationally-restricted thioxantone derivatives. A series of $C_2-substituted$ thioxanthones were examined to probe the electronic influence of the substituent on the electrooxidation and electroreduction sites (i.e., on the electron densities at the 10-and 9-positions), respectively. In the presence of "electrophoric" groups such as C=O and S, characteristic electrochemical reduction and oxidation responses are observed. The electrochemical reaction was diffusion-controlled, because the $I_p/{\upsilon}^{1/2}$ ratio was constant for the anodic and cathodic wave of thioxantone derivatives. These substituent effects are presented in terms of correlations of oxidation (or reduction) potentials with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, respectively. There is good correlation between energies of the HOMO vs. $E_{pa}^{(+)}$ and energies of the LUMO vs. $E_{pc}^{(-)}$. Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) is changed by the functional group of thioxanthones. FMO energy level was offered us the information about the electron transfer direction, and the coefficient of FMO was offered the information about the electron transfer position. Sulfur atom has an important effect on oxidation potential, $E_{pa}^{(+)}$ and the carbonyl carbon has an important effect on reduction potential, $E_{pc}^{(-)}$. Therefore we were appreciated that the contribution of sulfur atom for the $E_{pa}^{(+)}$ and HOMO energies is larger than the contribution of carbonyl group for the $E_{pc}^{(-)}$ and LUMO energies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2004

The SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) process is ideally suited to treat high loading wastewater due to its high dilution rate. SBR operates by a cycle of periods consisting of filling, reacting, settling, decanting and idling. The react phases such as aeration or non-aeration, organic oxidation, nitrification, denitrification and other bio-logical reactions can be achieved in a reactor. Although the whole reactions can be achieved in a SBR with time distributing, it is hard to manage the SBR as a normal condition without recognizing a present state. The present state can be observed with nutrient sensors such as ${NH_{4}}^{+}-N$, ${NO_{2}}^{-}-N$, ${NO_{3}}^{-}-N} and ${PO_{4}}^{ 3-}-P.$ However, there is still a disadvantage to use the nutrient sensors because of their high expense and inconvenience to manage. Therefore, it is very useful to use common on-line sensors such as DO, ORP and pH, which are less expensive and more convient. Moreover, the present states and unexpected changes of SBR might be predicted by using of them. This study was conducted to get basic materials for making an inference of SBR process from ORP(oxidation reduction potential) of synthetic wastewater. The profiles of ORP, DO, and pH were under normal nitrification and denitrification were obtained to compare abnormal condition. And also, nitrite and nitrate accumulation were investigated during reaction of SBR. The bending point on ORP profile was not entirely in the low COD/NOx ratio condition. In this case, NOx was not entirely removed, and minimum ORP value was presented over -300mV. Under suitable COD/NOx ratio which complete denitrification was achieved, ORP bending point was observed and minimum ORP value was under -300m V. Under high COD/NOx ratio, ORP bending point was not detected at the first subcycle because of the fast denitrification and minimum ORP value was under -300mV at the time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.34-37
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• 1970

The variation of acidity, pH and oxidation-reduction potentials of Dongchimi (a kind of large raddish pickle) during its fermentation was investigated. Estimation of oxidation-reduction potentials was carried out by the electric method. 1. Acidity was increased-3.5% by lactic acid and pH was decreased 3.4 during Dongchimi fermentation. 2. In Dongchimi, oxidation-reduction potentials was comparatively high (rH above 10) in the earlier stage and then decreased rapidly from rH 15 to 2.0 but slightly increased rH 5.0 in the later stage of the fermentation. 3. It is suggested that the earlier stage of fermentation was more aerobic condition than the later stage.