• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2009

In simple topology in network system, query should be delivered to all linked peers for query processing. This causes waste of transmission band width and throughput of each peer. To overcome this, as well as query processing strategy, efficient routing technique to deliver query to proper peer is needed. For efficient routing, clustering of peers in P2P networks is important. Clustering of P2P network bases on that combines peers that have similar characteristics in same cluster reduces quantity of message in network than assign peer for cluster randomly. In this paper, we propose clustering techniques for ontology based P2P query processing. Similarity measure point, cluster index structure, and query processing steps in ontology based P2P cluster environment are proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2011

The object of this paper is to make learners have study environment to study adaptively, anywhere, anyone, anytime and, just in time, not disturbed by time and place. So, it helps learners find solutions to questions and problems which they can face in the process of learning. This paper desires to find possibility of ontology which can solve problems after considering semantic web and theory of ontology by studying existing reference books. As ontology has the structure that can guess the data which is not showed clearly, so it can make the result more accurate and be the knowledge every learner sympathize and trust. I established the ontology frame about the electronic circuit which learners can solve their questions everywhere, anytime, and reconfirm what they studied, so I studied on application for e-learning based on ontology.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2006

The goal of this study is to develop knowledge representation method for the construction and evaluation of ontology for diagnosis in oriental medicine. To develop the expert system for decision making on diagnosis and treatment, the systematic and structural knowledge which can be processible in EMR(Electronic Medical Record) must be precedent, and the Computational Process which control the system as well. This study set up an ontology as a trial model to represent the oriental medical knowledge into the machine processible one. Protege 2.1 has been used to build the ontology, and the serialization format of our ontology is the XML document based on OWL. The components of oriental medical diagnosis was arranged with the combination of symptoms which belong to the certain symptom patterns. Then natural language which expresses the oriental medical diagnosis components were converted into the logical sentence, and individual characteristic symptoms into each values of specific properties. In addition to the study, the diagnosis software for oriental medicine was developed and it used the ontology which we developed. Sequently, we tested the software to confirm the appropriateness of ontology. The result of the test shows that diagnostic questions are automatically formulated according to the diagnosis components of this ontology and that as such diagnostic results are induced. Therefore, the ontology system in this study will be efficient to develop the diagnosis program and useful as a tool for doctors to make decision. But, it is not recommendable to apply the system to the clinical environment until the clear diagnosis standards are introduced, and the more reliable diagnosis program can be developed based on the more appropriate ontology mentioned above.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.42 no.7
• /
• pp.852-859
• /
• 2015

As the amount of knowledge information significantly increases, a lot of progress has been made in the studies focusing on how to reason large scale ontology effectively at the level of RDFS or OWL. These reasoning methods are divided into TBox classifications and ABox realizations. A TBox classification mainly deals with integrity and dependencies in schema, whereas an ABox realization mainly handles a variety of issues in instances. Therefore, the ABox realization is very important in practical applications. In this paper, we propose a realization method for analyzing the constraint of the specified class, so that the reasoning system automatically infers the classes to which instances belong. Unlike conventional methods that take advantage of the object oriented language based distributed file system, we propose a large scale ontology reasoning method using spark, which is a functional programming-based in-memory system. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we used instances created from the Wine ontology by W3C(120 to 600 million triples). The proposed system processed the largest 600 million triples and generated 951 million triples in 51 minutes (696 K triple / sec) in our largest experiment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.1043-1054
• /
• 2009

As the semantic web receives higher concern with an intensified necessity in these days, the research on the ontology as its core technology has been carried out in various fields. The ontology has been adopted as an alternative to work out lots of problematic issues resulted from the insufficient vocabulary selection rules in folksonomy, widely accepted under Web 2.0. Therefore the importance of research to complementarily consolidate the two disciplines, the folksonomy and the ontology, has been increased. Based on this idea this research proposes a system, which pulls out, using open services, the location information tags from folksonomy-based metadata, ultimately extracts, following location information analyses, spatial relationships among tags, and in turn automatically constructs self-correcting location information domain ontology. The system devised in this study will associate data derived from easily accessible folksonomy with meaningful and technological information from ontology.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.147-169
• /
• 2007

Semantic Web Services Discovery matches between users' requirements and the ontological description of Web Services. However, concepts of an ontology can be interpreted differently according to a point of view. Previous works are limited in interpreting concepts. Since they lack a precise scheme of describing the advertisements and requirements of services and users, respectively, and even do not support a sophisticated matching, semantic mismatches may occur. This paper presents a sophisticated method of discovering Web services. The proposed method facilitates specifying semantics precisely and flexibly based on a proposed integrated concept model. Additionally, more sophisticated discovery is supported by computing complex matchings with many-to-many relationships. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs more efficiently for various kinds of user requests, compared with previous works.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.59.1-59.13
• /
• 2023

Background: Rocuronium bromide has been evaluated as a mydriatic agent in birds, but the species applied were limited and the dose and effect were variable. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical rocuronium bromide as mydriatics in 4 species according to horizontal palpebral fissure length: Feral pigeon (Columba livia), Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Northern boobook (Ninox japonica), and Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). Methods: A total of 32 birds (8 for each species) were included as pre-releasing examination. Rocuronium bromide was instilled in one randomly selected eye of each bird based on palpebral fissure length criteria (0.5 mg/50 µL for pigeons, 1 mg/100 µL for kestrels and boobook owls, and 2 mg/200 µL for eagle owls). The contralateral eye was used as control and treated with normal saline. After instillation of the drug, pupil diameter, pupillary light reflex, intraocular pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were evaluated at 10 min intervals up to 180 min and at 30 min intervals up to 360 min. Results: Statistically significant mydriasis was obtained in all birds (p < 0.001). However, in boobook and eagle owls, marked mydriasis persisted until 360 min. Side effects including corneal erosion and lower eyelid paralysis were common, which was observed in 26/32 birds. Blepharospasm was also noted during this study. No systemic adverse signs were observed. Conclusions: Rocuronium bromide could be a good mydriatics option for 4 species of birds, however, further studies are needed to find lowest effective dose to reduce drug-related side effects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.180-192
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect bird community in Sobaeksan National Park. The survey was carried over 3 main trail districts by line transect method to figure out influence factor of inhabitation of wild birds from February to October in 1992. The study results as follows: The observed birds were belong to 9 orders l2 families 58 species, they also have Sparrow Hawk dccipiter nisus, Kestrel Faleo tinnunculus(natural monument no. 323). Scops Owl I'otus scops(natural monument no. :324), Black Woodpecker Dryoaepus martius(natural monument no. 242. R). White-backed Woodpecker Dendroaepos leuotes(R) and Gray-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum(R). These birds a]so classified into 31 species for residents. 17 species for summer visitor, 6 species for winter visitor. 4 species for passage migrant, respectively. Species richness was 38 species at spry, 33 species at summer. 26 species at autumn and 22 species at winter. The density was 3.00 ea /ha at spring, 2.37 ea /ha at summer, 3.62 ea /ha at autumn and 2.88 ea /ha at winter. Breeding bird community in Sobaeksan National Park was dominated by Hole, Bush-nesting guild and Canopy-foraging guild. Natural vegetation of 900m altitude in 1st section and the grassy plain in 2nd section are to be protected absolutely for the habituation of wild birds. Species richness in 3rd section was higher than any other section owe to a various habitat such as valley. open lands, orchid, farm land and forest etc. Food plants and broad-leaved forest is to be managed for the provision of opulent food resources in autumn and winter, user is to be managed for the successful propagation of wild birds in spring and autumn.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect wildbirds in Chuwangsan National Park. The survey was carried out over two survey sections by the line transect method in spring, summer and autumn in 1994. Total number of observed birds were 42 species(33 species in spring, 32 species in summer, and 26 species in autumn), and the result was the same with the typical pattern of temperate bird communities. Total number of natural monument and rare birds were 7 species, which included Golden Eagle(Aquila chrysaetos), Chinese Sparrow Hawk(Accipter soloensis), Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo), etc. In breeding season, species richness was high in canopy nesting guild, and density(ea/ha) was high in hole nesting guild. Canopy foraging guild was dominated in spring and summer, ratio of bush(or ground) foraging guild was increased in autumn. Since the habitats of observed natural monuments and rare species were roughly overlapped with the nature preservation area, it is necessary to preserve the area completely and to investigate and protect these species continuously. For the protection of the bush(or ground) foraging guild, it needs to plant bushes around trails and to control users. Food plants, artificial food planting of bushs, and artificial nest are needed for the habituation of wildbirds, and as the damage of wild cats is increasing lately, it needs to control these cats.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.3 s.114
• /
• pp.283-300
• /
• 2006

Gaesung city of North Korea is meaningful because of the development of Gaesung industrial complex as a peace-building project and economical cooperation works between South Korea and North Korea. This article presents the characteristics of natural landscape of Gaesung through geographical names. This research was studied by literature analysis of North Korea, depth interview of North Korean labour and refugees, and second times fieldwork. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the mountain landscape of Geasung revealed on geographical names characterized mountainousness and round shape. Especially, the places where are enclosed by mountain and streams are foggy and rocky. Next the landscape of stream characterizes sandy, unstable, and tidal river. Thirdly the fauna and flora which are reflected on geographical names are hawk, snake, tiger, homed owl, snapping turtle, chestnut tree, pine tree, pear tree, zelkova tree, and willow etcetera. The environmental conditions of habitation of these are similar to the natural environment of Gaesung. Besides, the geographical names related to soil distributed in northern mountain area of Geasung. The place names implicated cliff located on the riverside. In addition to this, the geographical name of 'Bul' implicated plain distributed in the riverside of 'Seoam' which a branch stream of 'Sacheo'. And the place names related rock located in place enclosed by mountain, river, and village. In cnclusion, Gaesung is more important to us as the Gaesung industrial complex and tourism development. But the fundamental research on Gaesung is a few because Gaesung belongs to North Korea. Therefore, this research will be useful for the control and management of Gaesung in the future.