• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

This article explains domestic and overseas technology trends as well as an energy trading architecture model that can safely execute energy power trading through blockchain in the community. There is a way to trade energy between homes as well as between homes and the public in the community, but there are currently no institutions that make this possible. However, our aim is to approach these power trading methods collectively through global technology related to blockchain. We try to solve the problems of energy trading using the blockchain technique. We discuss domestic and overseas technology trends in power trading using blockchain and introduce the power trading architecture for the community proposed by ETRI. We propose a framework that supports reliability and interoperability based on blockchain and develop scalable technology capable of supporting not only small-scale electricity trading but also medium-scale power trading.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.995-999
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• 2009

Before a contractor embarks on exporting its services, it needs to know if it is likely to succeed. This research developed two prediction models to help contractors in Singapore predict the number of projects (Y1) and the contract values (Y2) that they are likely to secure from overseas. Detailed characteristics of 60 contractors who export their services (exporters) were obtained from the database of registered contractors in Singapore. Multiple linear regression models were developed and tests showed that Y1 is a robust model. A contractor's chance of winning more overseas projects may be predicted by the number of projects it acted as a subcontractor; the variety of projects it undertakes; the total contract value in the domestic market; and the number of countries it exported its services to. It is recommended that contractors who are planning to export their services be flexible instead of adopt a focused policy of undertaking only one or two project types in a few selected countries.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2004

The failure frequency of the Emergency Diesel Generator(EDG) at Nuclear Power Plants(NPPs) is not so much lower than that of the Marine engines, whereas the running hours of the diesel engine at NPPs is much less than those of the engines for commercial service. The primary factor results from the severe surveillance test requirements such as fast start, large number of starting test, fast load-run, high load running, etc. The other factor comes from the excessive maintenance based on the engine maker's instruction manual that did not incorporate the peculiar characteristics of the diesel engines at NPPs. In this paper, the present preventive maintenance program on the basis of the Pielstick diesel engines was reviewed for the purpose of securing the reliability of the emergency diesel generator at NPPs and the ways for its improvement were presented by referring to the overseas cases for their applications.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.140-144
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• 2011

As a result of that the domestic railway technology has been progressed as times go by, the 1st and the 2nd steps for Gyeongbu HSR at the speed of more than 300km/h, were completed and Honam HSR - its operational speed is 350km/h - is under construction. Additionally, As a part of the expressization project for general lines, the Seoul-Chuncheon route at the speed of more than 180[km/h] is under construction and the Jeolla route is under design. At present, 11 countries (e.g. France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Japan, China and Taiwan) including Korea have high speed railways operated at the speed of more than 300[km/h]. As shown in the above, the domestic railway has high speed trains as good as those of countries outside Korea, but the schedule speed, which is calculated by dividing distance to destination by time, is lower than that of overseas trains. For overseas railway, the ratio of schedule speed to the highest speed is above 65%, while that of domestic railways is over 50%. It shows a significant difference between them. It is expected that the schedule speed improvement will increase the number of train operation and line capacities than now, so it shall achieve smooth transportation flow and improve the passengers' satisfaction. In this paper we describe the necessity for the improvement of schedule speed, by analyzing foreign cases related to the improvement of schedule speed in order to satisfy the increasing traffic demand.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.13 no.2 s.50
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• pp.90-102
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• 1998

본 고는 국내 통신사업자의 대외개방에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해서는 해외사업을 통한 적극적인 국제화 노력이 필요하다는 인식 하에 전략전 관점에서 다국적화 단계에 있는 Singapore Telecom, Telstra, Telefonica 및 글로벌 단계에 있는 British Telecom 등 외국 통신사업자들의 해외사업진출 현황과 전략을 분석하여 국내 통신사업자의 해외사업진출에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2020

Companies are seeking to maximize profits through exports and imports in the ultra-fast, ultra-high-speed modern society. It is only possible to sustain its survival if it targets the global market, not based on any specific region. The K-POP group is also targeting overseas markets in a manner similar to the various global strategies used when companies make inroads into foreign markets, including exports, contracts and direct investment. The K-POP group is engaged in various forms of activities, ranging from simple forms of performance (export) that are visited and staged by an invitation from a certain foreign country to series performances (license) by an invitation from a local promoter and tour performances using its capabilities. The K-POP group is seeking to go beyond the art of single-stage performances and make a systematic plan and make inroads into foreign countries in the form of direct investment suitable for each foreign country. The K-POP group made inroads into overseas markets in the form of simple performances from the late 1990s to 2005, when 'Korean Wave' was first introduced. Group H.O.T., etc. are typical examples. Since then, it has sought to enter overseas markets in the form of franchises by accepting overseas members by 2018, starting with Super Junior in 2005. Since then, the K-POP group in the form of joint investment attempted as group IZ*ONE in 2018 appeared, and a voice story came out in September 2018 when South Korea's JYP Entertainment and Tencent of China joined forces. Unlike K-POP Group, which has entered foreign markets with a global strategy based on the existing export method (H.O.T.), 'Boystory' is a representative group that is made with joint investment, which is a direct investment method. In February 2020, RBW released 'D1Verse,' a five-member group selected by Vietnam's reality show, as a joint investment-type group. This shows the possibility that domestic and foreign companies will release a group in the form of joint investment in order to pursue both globalization and localization.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

Against the backdrop of the increasing trend towards economic globalisation, many international firms are indicating that decisions on how to enter foreign markets remains one of the key strategic challenges confronting them. Despite the rich body of literature on the topic, the fact that these challenges have continued to dominate global marketing strategy discourses point to someevident lacunae. Accordingly, this paper considers the variables, categorised in terms of firm contexts (standardisation, market research, competition, structure, competitive advantage) and host country-contexts (economic development, cultural differences, regulation and political risk), which influence the degree of involvement of UK companies in overseas markets. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The greater the level of competition, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H2: The more centralised the firm's organisation structure, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H3a: The adoption of a low cost-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3b: The adoption of an innovation-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3c: The adoption of a market research approach to competitive advantages will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3d: The adoption of a breadth of strategic target-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a lower degree of involvement. H4: The higher the degree of standardisation of the international marketing mix the higher the degree of involvement. H5: The greater the degree of economic development in the host market, the higher the degree of involvement. H6: The greater the cultural differences between home and host countries, the lower the degree of involvement. H7: The greater the difference in regulations between the home country and the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. H8: The higher the political risk in the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. A questionnaire instrument was constructed using, wherever possible, validated measures of the concepts to serve the aims of this study. Following two sets of mailings, 112 usable completed questionnaires were returned. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Statistically, the paper suggests that factors relating to the level of competition, competitive advantages and economic development are strong in influencing foreign market involvements. On the other hand, unexpectedly, cultural factors (especially individualism/collectivism and low and high power distance dimensions) proved to have weak moderating effects. The reason for this, in part, is due to the pervading forces of globalisation and the attendant effect on global marketing. This paper has contributed to the general literature in a way that point to two mainimplications. First, with respect to research on national systems, the study may hold out some important lessons especially for developing nations. Most of these nations are known to be actively seeking to understand what it takes to attract foreign direct investment, expand domestic market and move their economies from the margin to the mainstream global economy. Second, it should be realised that competitive conditions remain in constant flux (even in mature industries and mature economies). This implies that a range of home country factors may be as important as host country factors in explaining firms' strategic moves and the degree of foreign market involvement. Further research can consider the impact of the home country environment on foreign market involvement decisions. Such an investigation will potentially provide further perspectives not only on the influence of national origin but also how home country effects are confounded with industry effects.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.615-620
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• 2007

Commercially packed kimchi products from 6 different manufacturers, which are exported overseas as well as sold domestically, were analyzed to determine their microorganism distributions and presence of pathogenic bacteria. All samples showed decreasing pH levels (from 5.7-6.2 to 3.9-4.3) and increasing titratable acidities (from 0.3-0.4 to 0.8-1.2%) during 15 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Total bacterial counts ranged from $2.1{\times}10^5-1.9{\times}10^6\;CFU/mL$ in the initial kimchi samples, and then increased to $1.1{\times}10^8-1.8{\times}10^9\;CFU/mL$. The coliform numbers decreased from approximately $2.5{\times}10^2-1.7{\times}10^4\;CFU/mL$ to zero. Major foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Shigella spp. were not detected in any of the samples. However, 2 out of the 6 samples carried E. coli, emphasizing the need for improved hygiene practice. Interestingly, Hafnia alvei, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, was isolated in all of the samples. Further study is needed on this newly reported bacterium in kimchi.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.843-850
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structural risk and weakness of a railway tank car through nonlinear collision analysis according to overseas collision safety standards. The goal is to propose a crash safety design guideline for railway tank cars for transporting dangerous goods in Korea. We analyzed the buffer impact test procedure of railway freight cars prescribed in EN 12663-2 and the tank puncture test criteria prescribed in 49CFR179. A nonlinear finite element model according to each standard was modeled using LS-DYNA, a commercial finite element analysis solver. As a result of the buffing impact test simulation, it was predicted that plastic deformation would not occur at a collision speed of 6 km/h or less. However, plastic deformation was detected at the rear of the center sill and at the tank center supporting the structure at a collision speed of 8 km/h or more. As a result of a head-on test simulation of tank puncture, the outer tank shell was destroyed at the corner of the tank head when 4% of the kinetic energy of the impacter was absorbed. The tank shell was destroyed in the area of contact with the impacter in the test mode analysis of tank shell puncture when the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle was reduced by 30%. Therefore, the simulation results of the puncture test show that fracture at the tank shell and leakage of the internal material is expected. Consequently, protection and structural design reinforcement are required on railway tank cars in Korea.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.292-301
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• 2008

Type 2 compressed natural gas(CNG) storage vessels for automobiles are becoming widely used. They are not only supplied to automakers in Korea, such as Hyundai Motors, but increasingly, they are being exported overseas. Autofrettage is a process that produces beneficial residual stresses in a vessel by subjecting it to excessive internal pressure. This strengthens the vessel and improves its fatigue resistance. This paper presents research investigating the autoftettage process and residual stresses it produces in type 2 CNG storage vessels. A finite element analysis technique and a closed form equation are used. Then, fatigue resistance is analyzed through a fatigue evaluation performed according to ASME section VIII.