• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.605-609
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• 1996

Continuous sliding mode control is applied to turning process for cutting force regulation. The highest feedrate compatible with the allowable cutting force is applied in rough cutting process such that maximum productivity is ensured and tool breakage is avoided. The programmed feedrate is overridden after the control algorithm is carried out. However, most CNC lathe manufacturers offer limited number of data bits far feedrate override, thus resulting in nonlinear behavior of the machine tools. Such nonlinearity brings “quantized” effect, and the optimal faedrate is rounded off before being fed into the CNC system. To compensate for this problem, continuous sliding mode control is applied. Conventional switching control law at a sliding surface is replaced by a smooth control interpolation in a selected boundary layer to avoid the excitation of high-frequency dynamics. Simulation results are presented in comparison with those obtained by applying adaptive control.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2008

Derail accident of train and motorcar through signal override causes such a huge obstruction in train service. To minimize such derail accidents, number of bills were examined such as installing normal and reverse position indicator on the switch. A indicator was necessary which does not affect current equipments and not to be confused as traffic lights. Normal and reverse position indicator is installed in the middle of the rail in front of front rod of switch. It is to prevent derail accident while manual handling of obstacle by ease of verifying normal and reverse position by attendants or motorcar driver. Also, it is a device that prevents accidents by indicating normal and reverse position of switch during night service of motorcar. Such a prevention accomplished through thorough maintenancework of equipment, precise handling of operators and exterior factors are eliminated or perceived and treated well.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-136
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• 2008

현재 민간 항공기의 기술 수준은 일반인들, 그리고 비행기의 선구자인 라이트 형제조차 상상하지 못할 만큼 발전되어 있다. 초기 조종사들과 달리 오늘 날의 조종사들은 항법사, 통신사, flight engineer 등 3명을 대신한 Flight Control Computer(FCC)등의 computer 탑재 장비들을 이용하여 안전하게 운항, 착륙할 수 있다. 그러나 불행하게도 이러한 최첨단의 항공기에서도 사고가 발생하고 있으며 대부분의 원인은 인간의 실수에서 기인한다. 조종사가 치명적인 실수를 하게 되는 이유 중의 하나는 복잡한 logic으로 운영되는 탑재 computer 장비와 아직도 완벽히 통제할 수 없는 기상 현상 때문이다. 항공기가 첨단화될수록 더 복잡한 절차의 운항이나 혹독한 기상에서 운항이 가능하지만 이와 비례하여 안전 운항에 대한 최종적인 의무를 부여받은 조종사들의 부담은 커져갈 수밖에 없는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 현재 우리나라의 과실이론은 현실적으로 빈번히 발생되고 있는 차량 사고나 의료 사고에 맞추어 발전하였기에 다양한 원천에서 발생하는 크고 작은 위협 환경을 갖고 있는 첨단의 항공 분야의 과실이론과 간극이 있다고 할 수 있다. 허용된 위험 이론을 고려해볼 때 현재 운항되고 있는 고속철이나 우주선은 이미 운용하는 인간의 능력을 초과하여 운행되고 있기에 첨단 분야에 적합한 과실이론이 필요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2007년 항소심 판결이 난 자동 조종 장치(autopilot)와 조종사 그리고 불상의 원인들이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생한 JAL 706 항공 판례를 중심으로 일본 항공 판례 및 우리 항공판례를 비교 검토하고 기존의 과실 이론을 비교하여 항공 사고에 적합한 과실이론을 제시하고자 한다. 우리 나라도 항공사고 특성의 하나인 복합성을 고려하여 사고 조사나 판결에서도 사고와 직접적으로 연결되지 않는 사항에 대하여 주의의무 위반 관계를 과감히 배제하는 것이 필요하다. 모든 구체적 사건을 포섭할 수 있는 완벽한 형법 이론이 존재하지 않지만 상당인과관계설은 구체적 사건에서 판단자의 평가 여하에 따라 서로 다른 결론에 도달할 수 있고 항공기는 때때로 조종사가 통제할 수 있는 영역을 넘어서 운항되는 고속화된 교통수단이고 인간과 computer 그리고 기상이 interface되어 운항되기에 일반적 교통사고의 이해를 적용하기에는 무리가 따르기에 우리나라의 항공사고에서 객관적 귀속의 척도 사용을 고려할 때가 되었다고 생각된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1976

고속열중성자로에서 정상 운전중인 원자로를 운전정지하였다가 재가동할 때 가장 문제가 되는 것은 핵분열 생성물인 Xe135의 독소작용이다. 이것은 Xe135가 원자로 출력에 영향을 주는 열중성자에 대한 흡수단면적이 크고 그의 반감기가 길기 때문이다. 그러므로 원자로의 일시적 운전정지가 요구될 때 이의 재가시에는 반듯이 이 독소를 능과할 수 있는 충분한 초과반응도를 가해 주던지, Xe135가 붕괴되어 그의 농도가 줄어든 이후에야 원자로의 재가동이 가능하게 된다. 위와 같은 문제는 사실상 원자로 운전시 안전성 뿐만 아니라 경제성에도 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 점을 고려하여 Pontoyagin의 최대원리를 이용하여 운전정지를 최적화시키므로서 언제든지 원자로를 전출력으로 재가동할 수 있도록 운전정지 방법을 개선하였다. 그러나 제어과정에서나 그 이후에도 X, 농도는 제어된 허용치를 넘지 않고 최소시간 이내에 모든 제어를 끝내도록 하였다. The buildup of fission product, i.e. Xe-135 poisoning, is a prime factor in restarting a nuclear reactor from the shutdown, which was under normal operation in the high flux thermal reactor, It is caused by the high absorption crosssection of Xe-135 to thermal neutrons and its long half life, from which the thermal power is affected. It is then possible to restart a nuclear reactor after the sufficient excess reactivity to override this poisoning must be inserted, or its concentration is decreased sufficiently when its temporary shutdown is required. As ratter of fact, these have an important influence not only on reactor safety but also on economic aspect in operation. Considering these points in this study, the shutdown process was cptimized using the Pontryagin's maximum principle so that the shutdown mirth[d was improved as to restart the reactor to its fulpower at any time, but the xenon concentration did not excess the constrained allowable value during and after shutdown, at the same time all the control actions were completed within minimum time from beginning of the shutdown.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2676-2681
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• 2003

The Haptic Exploration Laboratory at The Johns Hopkins University is currently exploring many problems related to haptics (force and tactile information) in human-machine systems. We divide our work into two main areas: virtual environments and robot-assisted manipulation systems. Our interest in virtual environments focuses on reality-based modeling, in which measurements of the static and dynamic properties of actual objects are taken in order to produce realistic virtual environments. Thus, we must develop methods for acquiring data from real objects and populating pre-defined models. We also seek to create systems that can provide active manipulation assistance to the operator through haptic, visual, and audio cues. These systems may be teleoperated systems, which allow human users to operate in environments that would normally be inaccessible due to hazards, distance, or scale. Alternatively, cooperative manipulation systems allow a user and a robot to share a tool, allowing the user to guide or override the robot directly if necessary. Haptics in human-machine systems can have many applications, such as undersea and space operations, training for pilots and surgeons, and manufacturing. We focus much of our work on medical applications.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2019

The study aims to explore key dimensions of service quality of E-Retailing of Islamic banks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The convenience sample size consists of 373 respondents who regularly use online Islamic banking facilities in Saudi Arabia was used. For measuring the consumers' perspective, a four-factor E-SERVQUAL scale; namely efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, and privacy was used. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis are used to test the model fitness. Structural equation modelling is utilized to determine the impact of E-service quality dimensions on customers' satisfaction. The results of the study reveal that 1) reliability as a dimension of E-retailing of Islamic banks made a significant impact on customers' overall satisfaction; 2) there is a positive significant relationship between responsiveness and customers' overall satisfaction. One unit increased in responsive leads to 0.763 unit increases in the overall satisfaction of the customer; and 3) ease of use is the most important dimensions of service quality of E-retailing of Islamic banks. One unit increases in Security/ Privacy leads to 0.473 unit increases in overall satisfaction. There is a positive impact of good E-service on customers' satisfaction, but it does not override unsatisfactory performance in other areas.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2009

This paper presents a static and dynamic characteristics of the relief valve which is a kind of direct operated pressure control valve for hydrogen compressor. The valve is consisted of a main poppet, a spring, an adjuster and a valve body. The purpose of this study is development of the simulation model for relief valve by using commercial AMESlM$^{(R)}$ tool. Poppet with sharp edge seat type and ball poppet with sharp edge seat type compare for P-Q characteristic. The dynamic simulation results are presented the operating pressure characteristics of relief valve. High pressure power unit of which maximum pressure control range is 100MPa was manufactured, and the pressure control valve was experimented using the above-mentioned power unit. The new model of pressure control valve from this results was suggested. It was confirmed that the suggested valve has a good control performance from experimental setup.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1977

Major problems in the design and use of refief valve are (a) chattering because of instability, (b) excessive pressure differential which makes the valves crack far below maximum pressure diminishing useful flow in the system. In this study, A magnet-coupled relief valve is investigated theoretically and experimentally in order to improve the performance of a conventional direct type reliefvalve. A theory is developed to predict the performance, response, and stability of the magnet-coupled valve taking into account the delivery line response. In the experiment, a typical magnet-coupled relief valve is designed on the basis of the analytical results; the discharge rates are measured varying the supply pressure, and both the pressure-time curves and valve displacament-time curves are recorded providing the supply pressures greater than the setting pressure. The measured override characteristic curves are then compared with those of conventional pilot type and direct type releif valves. It is showm that the excessive pressure differential of a magnet-coupled relief valve becomes less than that of a conventional direct type valve. It is also shown that the most important chatacteristic of a magnet-coupled relief valve is to eliminate valve chattering due to instability regardless of the magnitude of setting pressures and discharge rates, which suggests wide applications of the idea of the use of a magnet in the design of hydraulic valves.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2010

It is a frequent occurrence in urban traffic - a low-speed collision in which one vehicle hits the back of another. The vehicles often sustain expensive damage. Bumpers can reduce this damage, but only line up so the initial contact in an impact is bumper to bumper. Then the bumpers on the colliding vehicles have to absorb the crash energy, keeping damage away from expensive sheet metal, lights, and other components. In real world accidents, Bumper mismatches in crashes are increasing, and the resulting repair costs from low-speed collisions are escalating. In this study, we investigated the bumper rail height and analyzed their effects on repair cost. Futhermore, Our 16kph front-into-rear crash tests demonstrates bumper mismatch problem.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2015

This paper investigates the failure of a car with a 2.5-liter CRDi engine of the Hyundai Company. The failure is caused by intermittent poor acceleration while driving. To analyze the cause, we investigated the air intake volume, the fuel injection, and the air-fuel ratio, which were determined to be normal. The brake switch signal error was discovered while analyzing the function that limits the output of the engine. While investigating the cause, we discovered the corrosion of the pins on the connector of the brake switch. We determined that it was generated by soapy water flowing in the solar film. Therefore, the cause of the failure was the brake switch signal errors. Additionally, we determined that ECM was the normal fail-safe mode that implemented the override device for safety during normal acceleration. Based on these results, further solar film experiments must be conducted to fully elucidate the causes.