• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

Effluent ground water overflow in deep and broad ground space building. Temperature of effluent ground water is in $12{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ annually and the quality of that water is as good as living water. Therefore if the flow rate of effluent ground water is sufficient as source of heat pump, that is good heat source and heat sink of heat pump. Effluent ground water contain the thermal energy of surrounding ground. So this is a new application of ground source heat pump. In this study open type and close type heat pump system using effluent ground water was installed and tested for a church building with large and deep ground space. The effluent flow rate of this building is $800{\sim}1000ton/day$. The heat pump capacity is 5RT each. The heat pump cooling COP is $4.9{\sim}5.2$ for the open type and $4.9{\sim}5.7$ for close type system. The system cooling COP is $3.2{\sim}4.5$ for open type and $3.8{\sim}4.2$ for close type system. This performance is up to that of BHE type ground source heat pump.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1332-1341
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• 2015

This paper proposes a novel reversible secret sharing scheme using AES algorithm in encrypted images. In the proposed scheme, a role of the dealer is divided into an image provider and a data hider. The image provider encrypts the cover image with a shared secret key and sends it to the dealer. The dealer embeds the secret data into the encrypted image and transmits encrypted shadow images to the corresponding participants. We utilize Galois polynomial arithmetic operation over 2⁸ and the coefficient of the higher-order term is fixed to one in order to prevent the overflow. In experimental results, we demonstrate that the PSNR is sustained close to 44dB and the embedding capacity is 524,288 bits.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1127-1134
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• 2009

Escherichia coli excretes acetate during aerobic growth on glycolytic carbon sources, which has been explained as an overflow metabolism when the carbon flux into the cell exceeds the capacity of central metabolic pathways. Nonacetogenic growth of E. coli on gluconeogenic carbon sources like succinate or in carbon-limited slow growth conditions is believed an evidence for the explanation. However, we found that a strain defected in the acs (acetyl Co-A synthetase) gene, the product of which is involved in scavenging acetate, accumulated acetate even in succinate medium and in carbon-limited low growth rate condition, where as its isogenic parental strain did not. The acs promoter was inducible in noncatabolite repression condition, whereas the expression of the ackA-pta operon encoding acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase for acetate synthesis was constitutive. Results in this study suggest that E. coli excretes and scavenges acetate simultaneously in the carbon-limited low growth condition and in nonacetogenic carbon source, and the activity of the acetate consumption pathway directly affects the accumulation level of acetate in the culture broth.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.419-439
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• 2014

In this study, the structural performance of a seven span masonry arch bridge was evaluated. Investigations were performed on Aspendos (Belkis) Masonry Arch Bridge which was located on road of Aspendos Acropolis City in Antalya, Turkey. The old bridge was constructed in the early of fourth century AD, but it was exposed to the earthquakes in this region and the overloading by the river water. The old bridge was severely damaged and collapsed by probably an earthquake many years ago and a new bridge was then reconstructed on the remains of this old bridge by Seljuk in the 13th century. The bridge has also been affected from overflowing especially in the spring of each year, so some protective measures should be taken for this monumental bridge. Therefore, the structural performance under these loading has to be known. For this purpose, an initial finite element model was developed for the bridge and it was calibrated according to ambient vibration test results. After that, it was analyzed for different load cases such as dead, live, earthquake and overflow. Three load combinations were taken into account by deriving from these load cases. The displacements and the stresses for these combination cases were attained and compared with each other. The structural performance of Aspendos Masonry Arch Bridge was determined by considering the demand-capacity ratio for the tensile stress of the mortar used in Aspendos Masonry Arch Bridge. After these investigations, some concluding remarks and offers were presented at the end of this study.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.B
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

Much of domestic city is served by combined sewer system rather than separate sanitary or storm sewers. During wet weather, when the volume of sanitary sewage and storm water entering the combined sewers exceeds the system capacity, the system is designed to overflow at several designated CSOs. The objective of this research is to have grasp of characteristics of combined sewer runoff and to evaluate efficiently the intercepted volume of CSOs. During the wet weather in first rainfall, SS load at each site H-1, H-2, and H-3 were 600kg/event, 370kg/event, and 289kg/event, SS load at each site in second rainfall were 216kg/event, 113kg/event, and 37.2kg/event. EMCs at each site were 702mg/L, 816mg/L, 861mg/L in first rainfall and 99.9mg/L, 161.9mg/L, 103.6mg/L in second rainfall, respectively. First flush coefficients b at each site were 0.237, 0.166, and 0.151.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

It is essential for robot to have the sensing and communication abilities in the swarm robot system. In general, as the number of robot goes on increasing, the limitation of communication capacity and information overflow occur in global communication system. Therefore a local communication is more effective than global one. In this paper, we propose the novel method for determining the optimal communication radius through the analyzing of the information propagation based on local communication. And we also propose a method of cooperative strategies and group behavior of swarm robot based on artificial immune system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

It is essential for robot to have the sensing and communication abilities in the swarm robot system. In general, as the number of robot goes on increasing, the limitation of communication capacity and information overflow occur in global communication system. Therefore a local communication is more effective than global one. In this paper, we analyze information propagation mechanism based on local communication. To find an optimal communication radius, we propose several methods with different conditions. Also, to avoid chaotic behavior which occurs when a robot obtains and loses information, we will suggest the stable condition of information propagation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.471-476
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• 2007

Effluent ground water overflow in deep and broad ground space building. Temperature of effluent ground water is in $12{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ annually and the quality of that water is as good as living water. Therefore if the flow rate of effluent ground water is sufficient as source of heat pump, that is good heat source and heat sink of heat pump. Effuent ground water contain the thermal energy of surrounding ground. So this is a new application of ground source heat pump. In this study open type and c lose type heat pump system using effluent ground water was installed and tested for it church building with large and deep ground space. The effluent flow rate of this building is $800{\sim}1000$ ton/day. The heat pump capacity is 5RT each. The heat pump cooling COP is $4.9{\sim}5.2$ for the open type and $4.9{\sim}5.7$ for close type system. The system cooling COP is $3.2{\sim}4.5$ for open type and $3.8{\sim}4.2$for close type system. This performance is up to that of BHE type ground source heat pump.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2010

Domestic distribution environment in Korea has rapidly and qualitatively been developed due to the open of distribution market. However, the function of commercial establishment goes beyond the place value that simple transaction of capacity takes place, and it is recognized as life groove space enhancing the satisfaction of costumers' purchasing pattern. For this reason, there has been the need to change the purchasing environment of commercial space. The change factors of commercial space contributed to the establishment of consumption identity formed by change of consumers' lifestyle and the purchasing pattern. It is necessary to see the change factors of the purchasing pattern as the conversion of distribution environment in terms of supplier and as the change of consumers' lifestyle in terms of consumers. In reality, however, the commercial facility ill-imitated the advanced model and qualitatively was developed. In this situation, the change of the purchasing pattern according to the conversion of facility is needed as an early stage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the overflow supply of commercial facility. Also It will discuss the plan characteristics of commercial space conversion of facility conforming to the change of the purchasing pattern that is predicted in the lifestyle on a conversion stage of facility.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.3 no.2 s.10
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• pp.40-46
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• 2007

Effluent ground water overflow in deep and broad ground space building. Temperature of effluent ground water is in $12{\sim}20^{\circ}...$ annually and the quality of that water is as good as well water. Therefore if the flow rate of effluent ground water is sufficient as source of heat pump, that is good heat source and heat sink of heat pump. Effuent ground water contain the thermal energy of surrounding ground. So this is a new application of ground source heat pump. In this study open type and close type heat pump system using effluent ground water was installed and tested for a church building with large and deep ground space. The effluent flow rate of this building is $800{\sim}1000\;ton/day$. The heat pump capacity is 5RT. The heat pump heating COP was $3.85{\sim}4.68$ for the open type and $3.82{\sim}4.69$ for the close type system. The system heating COP including pump power is $3.0{\sim}3.32$ for the open type and $3.32{\sim}3.84$ for close type system. This performance is up to that of BHE type ground source heat pump.