• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.69-86
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• 2017

Objective: The present study is intended to develop an improved bus seat armrest design by evaluating various bus armrest designs from ergonomic aspects. Background: An ergonomic armrest design which considers the sitting postures and body shapes of passengers can improve the convenience and comfort of a bus seat. Method: Subjective satisfaction of each of five design dimensions (length, width, height from seatpan, shape, and angle) was evaluated for seven bus seat armrest designs in various sizes and shapes by 58 participants (28 males and 33 females) using a 7-point scale (1: very dissatisfied, 4: neutral, and 7: very satisfied). Improved bus seat armrest designs adjustable in length and rotatable to the left or right (sliding and rotating armrest, SRA) with a concave, flat, or convex shape of the upper part were developed by considering the preferred design features and the body size and shape in sitting posture and needs of passengers and then compared with a conventional armrest. Results: A bus seat armrest with a wide width (40~50mm), a long length (360mm), a lower height (213mm), and a curved shape was found significantly preferred in terms of comfort. The proposed armrest designs (SRA-convex, SRA-flat, and SRA-concave) improved satisfaction by 46~62% for length suitability, 184~216% for width suitability, 205~214% for angle suitability, 138~181% for contact area suitability, and 49~64% for height suitability, 138~174% for comfort, and 93~111% for overall satisfaction. Conclusion: The preferred design features and passengers' needs of bus seat armrest were identified and the SRA designs were recommended for better usability. Application: The ergonomic design process of bus seat armrest employed in the present study can be applied to designing armrests in various vehicles for better convenience and comfort.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.360-367
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• 2014

This study analyzed the Importance-Performance Analysis of selective attributes of Ethnic Food Restaurant. A total of 369 questionnaires were analyzed. Five factors were obtained from factor analysis of Importance variance of selective attributes of Ethnic food restaurant: Factor 1 "Quality", Factor 2 "Service", Factor 3 "Physical environment", Factor 4 "Uniqueness", Factor 5 "Health". Also, "Quality", "Physical environment", "Uniqueness" factors influenced overall satisfaction. In addition, according to the IPA results, selective attributes with low satisfaction and high importance in the second quadrant were 'Sanitation that comfort hospitality', 'Level of service' and 'Price'. These results suggest that when customers select Ethnic food restaurant, they consider 'food price' and 'food quality'. Therefore, manager of ethnic food restaurant should take these improvement factors into consideration in order to meet consumer's expectations.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and wearing comfort of jumper for Korean military tank drivers through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and to provide basic data for developing its improved design. The survey was done for 477 military tank drivers and evaluation was performed using thermal manikin to measure insulation. The overall satisfaction for design of jumper for military tank driver was over 3.5(likert scale). The overall satisfaction for fitness of jumper for military tank driver was also over 3.5. The satisfactions for material was between 2.39 and 3.13 and the satisfaction for pilling property was the lowest, followed by static property and shape stability after laundering. The satisfactions for movement suitability were standing(3.81), sitting(3,38), raising hand(forward: 2.90, sideward: 3.01), respectively. In insulation evaluation of jumper for military tank drivers and outwears(jacket, jumper), the insulation of jumper for military tank drivers was lower than outwear(jumper) and same with outwear(jacket). The insulation in dynamic and still condition(without wind) of jumper for military tank driver was 0.37clo and 0.31clo, respectively. Its decreation rate in dynamic condition comparing to still condition was 59% which was lower than jacket(0.73clo) and jumper(1.15clo).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.215-227
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Korea's Honam express train's first- and second-class seat discomfort by using pressure measurement, subjective discomfort rating, and physical compatibility. Background: Over the years, the demand for an express train service is continually increasing. A comfortable ride is important to achieving passenger satisfaction. A train seat plays a significant role in fulfilling passenger seating comfort. With this in view, a field survey and pressure measurements were performed on the selected train seat. Method: The pressure ratio at the body-seat interface (thigh and buttock regions) was measured by the pressure mat system. The interface pressure ratio was calculated and compared. The subjective discomfort rating scale was used to evaluate the subjects' overall feeling. The dimensions of train seats were analysed according to the anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the population data from Size Korea. Results: The results highlighted that the interface pressure ratio was greater while participants sat on the second-class seat than the first-class seat in the left- and right-side thigh regions. Also the pressure ratio was greater for the participants in the 1st~25th percentile height groups (149.8~160.8cm). The subjects rated higher discomfort for the second-class seat than the first-class seat. The physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat's breadth was inadequate for the 95th and 99th percentile male. Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, subjective discomfort score and physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat was more uncomfortable for the passengers than the first-class seat. Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of the train seats.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.582-589
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and comfort in current Korean military tank driver's clothing through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and. to provide basic data for developing a improved design of Korean military tank driver's clothing. The survey was done for 477 military tank driver and the field evaluation was also done for evaluation. The overall satisfaction for design of military tank driver's clothing(3.25) was higher than that for the easiness in wearing and taking off(2.76). The military tank drivers evaluated that current coverall type of clothing is more suitable than two-piece type of clothing. The overall satisfaction for fitness of clothing was as a whole low(2.82~3.09), Especially, the satisfaction for fitness of from front and back rise length was the lowest one. In the satisfaction for clothing materials, the satisfaction for the breathability of material was the lowest, followed by clothing insulation and air permeability. The satisfaction for movement was low in bending waist and raising forward and aside. The part which surveyors think most dissatisfactory was also front and back rise length. The frequency in use of pocket was the highest in chest pocket, followed by waist and pants pockets. The satisfaction for opening easiness of hips opening part was very low(2.64).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.299-306
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out specific measures that can help the management strategy of patient-centered medical institutions by conducting research on patient experience surveys of convergence outpatient medical services using data mining techniques according to changes in patient-centered medical culture. Using the raw data of the 2018 Medical Service Experience Survey, 8,843 people over the age of 15 who had patient experience in outpatient medical services were analyzed. Decision tree analysis was performed. The determinants of satisfaction with outpatient medical services patient experience were the doctor's area and patient's rights protection area, and the determinants of intention to recommend outpatient medical services were the doctor's area and facilities comfort. Women evaluated the experience positively in overall satisfaction as compared to men, and those over the age of 60 positively evaluated the overall satisfaction and intention to recommend. It is significant that the outpatient experience decision-making model is presented, and that the doctor's area, patient's rights protection area, and facility comfort are important factors. Long-term research on the 'Medical Service Experience Survey' is needed, and research on the inpatient medical service experience is needed.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.517-536
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• 2011

The assessment of wind-induced motion plays an important role in the development and design of the majority of today's structures that push the limits of engineering knowledge. A vital part of the design is the prediction of wind-induced tall building motion and the assessment of its effects on occupant comfort. Little of the research that has led to the development of the various international standards for occupant comfort criteria have considered the effects of the low-frequency motion on task performance and interference with building occupants' daily activities. It has only recently become more widely recognized that it is no longer reasonable to assume that the level of motion that a tall building undergoes in a windstorm will fall below an occupants' level of perception and little is known about how this motion perception could also impact on task performance. Experimental research was conducted to evaluate the performance of individuals engaged in a manual tracking task while subjected to low level vibration in the frequency range of 0.125 Hz-0.50 Hz. The investigations were carried out under narrow-band random vibration with accelerations ranging from 2 milli-g to 30 milli-g (where 1 milli-g = 0.0098 $m/s^2$) and included a control condition. The frequencies and accelerations simulated are representative of the level of motion expected to occur in a tall building (heights in the range of 100 m -350 m) once every few months to once every few years. Performance of the test subjects with and without vibration was determined for 15 separate test conditions and evaluated in terms of time taken to complete a task and accuracy per trial. Overall, the performance under the vibration conditions did not vary significantly from that of the control condition, nor was there a statistically significant degradation or improvement trend in performance ability as a function of increasing frequency or acceleration.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.807-818
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• 2009

This study is to present a female high school summer blouse with high movement functionality and satisfying appearance, surveyed the students for their understanding of summer blouse. Experimental study's research method was questionnaire survey. By using questionnaires, the satisfaction and comfort of each region of the current worn summer blouse was analyzed. The results of this research are as follows. After surveying 371 high school students in the Daejeon region on the currently worn summer blouse comfort levels, 48.4% showed dissatisfaction about the width of the sleeves and the armpits and over 93% wanted the use of elastic materials as an alternative. After investigating the summer blouses' mending state, 41% of students that mending their clothes chose the alternation of reducing the overall silhouette of the blouse in all areas. This reflects the female high school students' mentality that thin body shape is the ideal.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2004

The present study attempted to consider the effects of cutting lines in the knee parts of slacks on the clothing pressure and comfort. The study compared and analyzed the pressure imposed to the body in a stooping position and the consequent sensations felt by the wearer according to the slack shapes. The conclusion was drawn as follows: The pressure imposed by the slacks to the body is greater on the two points slightly upper and lower from the knee point than on the knee point itself, regardless of the slack shapes. Clothing pressure was lower in the slacks with 10 cm-wide and 14 cm-wide cutting lines in the knee parts than those with 18 cm-wide cutting lines. Subjective sensations felt in the knee parts were analyzed according to slacks shapes. As a result, it was found that slacks without cutting lines on the knee parts or with sewing lines far from the knee points were more comfortable. In slacks construction, the use of cutting lines in the knee parts can decrease pressure imposed to the knee area or improve the comfort of the slacks. When designing slacks, however, overall appearance should be considered and the weakness of cutting line that makes legs look shorter should also be complemented.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.spc3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the change of impression by comparing the uniformity lighting with the compound lighting. In previous study, we proposed a light controlling method to harmonize daylight from a window and artificial lights from a ceiling and obtained the results to support our method. We referred this method as the Adjusted Compound-Lighting Model (AC Model). The experiment is carried out with the scaled-models and mock-up spaces that were supposed to be an office space. One is lit by the uniform lighting and the other by the compound lighting in each experimental space. In order to present varying illuminance distributions, the two variables were used in this study. Subjects were asked to evaluate the point of difference by semantic differential rating on their overall impression after comparing with two rooms. The results showed that the impressions of compound lighting were more positive score than that of uniformity lighting on the items of 'dim-bright', 'dislike-like', 'artificial-natural' and 'closed-open', and that there was no significant difference in impressions between two spaces on other items.