• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of religious activities on the death anxiety and self appearance, life quilty of senior citizens in a bid to give some suggestions on how the elderly could lead a successful life. The subjects in this study carried out face-to-face interview targeting and convenience sampling 300 elderly people who were aged 65 and over and resided in the city of Gwangju. SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 7.0 programs were used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: First, whether there were any gaps in death anxiety and self appearance, life quality according to the type of religious life was examined, and that made significant differences to life satisfaction(F=9.498, p<.001) and self- esteem(F=9.370, p<.001). But that produced no statistically significant results in association with depression. Second, a confirmatory factor analysis was made to find out the relationship of religion to depression and psychological well-being, and most of their indexes were positive, which proved that the variables had something to do with each other. Last, a path model was analyzed to verify the relationship of the participation of the elderly people in religious activities to their depression and psychological well-being, and the GFI, AGFI, and CFI of the variables were above .80, which lent credibility to the validity of the study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2010

Multi-dimensional fire dynamics were studied numerically with the change in ventilation conditions in a full-scale ISO 9705 room. Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) was used for the identical conditions conducted in previous experiments. Flow rate and doorway width were changed to create over-ventilated fire (OVF) and under-ventilated fire (UVF). From the numerical simulation, it was found that the internal flow pattern rotated in the opposite direction for the UVF relative to the OVF so that a portion of products recirculated to the inside of compartment. Significant change in flow pattern with ventilation conditions may affect changes in the complex process of CO and soot formation inside the compartment due to increase in the residence time of high-temperature products. The fire behavior in the UVF created complex 3D characteristics of species distribution as well as thermal and flow structures. In particular, additional burning near the side wall inside the compartment significantly affected the flow pattern and CO production. The distribution of CO inside the compartment was explained with 3D $O_2$ distribution and flow patterns. It was observed that gas sampling at local positions in the upper layer were insufficient to completely characterize the internal structure of the compartment fire.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.42 no.3 s.333
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2005

In this papers, we first, therefore, designed VCO(voltage controlled oscillator) that is composed of the dielectric resonator and the varactor diode, and then designed and fabricated PLDRO(phase locked dielectric resonator oscillator) that is combined with the sampling phase detector and loop filter. The measured results of the fabricated PLDRO at 12.05 [GHz] show the output power is 13.54 [dBm], frequency tuning range approximately +/- 7.5 [MHz], and Power variation over the tuning range less than 0.2 [dB], respectively. The phase noise which effects on bits error rate in digital communication is obtained with -114.5 [dBc/Hz] at 100 [KHz] offset from carrier, and The second harmonic suppression is less than -41.49 [dBc]. These measured results are found to be more improved than those of VCO without adopting PLL, and the phase noise and power variation performance characteristics show the better performances than those of conventional PLL.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.236-241
• /
• 1998

This study was to compare soil characteristics among Quercus mongolica communities that characterize the boreal-temperate deciduous forest in Korea. The classification of Quercus mongolica community and soil sampling were carried in Mt. Odae and Mt. Jungwang in Kangwondo from April of 1991 to October of 1994. The study area was classified as 5 Quercus mongolica communities with Braun-Blanquet method as follows; Quercus mongolica - Abies nephrolepis, Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum, Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus mongolica - Acer mandshuricum, and Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata communities. Quercus mongolica - Abies nephorolepis community had the most shallow depth of A horizon(5cm) among communities, and root penetration was mainly from 0 to 10cm soil depth, and they had a dry soil moisture condition. Depth of A horizon of Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba and Quercus mongolica - Acer mandshuricum communities was about 20cm, and root penetration was mainly from 0 to 20cm soil depth, and they had a slightly dry soil moisture condition. Quercus mongolica - Acer mandshuricum, and Quercus mongolica -Carpinus cordata communities had the deepest depth of A horizon(35cm) and root was well developed over 45cm, and they had a moderately-slight dry soil condition. The soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K concentration and CEC was the greatest in Quercus mongolica-Acer mandshuricum community and Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community among communities. Quercus mongolica - Abies nephyolepis community had the smallest soil organic matter, total N, and CEC among communities. There were large differences among Quercus mongolica communities by soil properties and the result may be due to different habitat positions in the landscape among communities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.415-425
• /
• 2014

This study investigated population fluctuations in two mite species in apple orchards over 20-year period. The occurrence of two major mite pests infesting apple trees, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae), was investigated from 1992 to 2011 in major apple-producing districts, including four to eight cities, in the southern part of the Republic of Korea. The 20-year trend revealed that more orchards were infested by T. urticae from 1992 to 1999, but thereafter P. ulmi became dominant. The observed mean density of P. ulmi was consistent, whereas that of T. urticae fluctuated during this period. The analysis of occurrence in four time periods reveals that the density of T. urticae decreased after 2002. The monthly sampling, revealed that the density of P. ulmi was higher in April, whereas the density of T. urticae was higher from May to August. This change may be due to a change in the frequency of pesticide spraying, ground vegetation management, a decrease in nitrogen fertilization, and the overall orchard management practices. However, this projection should be examined in more detail. On the basis of the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cultural practices, including fertilization, and environmental changes, such as pesticide spray frequency and integrated pest management practices, affect species dominance and population densities of the two mite species in apple orchards.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2006

In the geophysical monitoring to understand the change of subsurface material properties with time, the time-invariant static subsurface model is commonly adopted to reconstruct a time-lapse image. This assumption of static model, however, can be invalid particularly when fluid migrates very quickly in highly permeable medium in the brine injection experiment. In such case, the resultant subsurface images may be severely distorted. In order to alleviate this problem, we develop a new least-squares inversion algorithm under the assumption that the subsurface model will change continuously in time. Instead of sampling a time-space model into numerous space models with a regular time interval, a few reference models in space domain at different times pre-selected are used to describe the subsurface structure continuously changing in time; the material property at a certain space coordinate are assumed to change linearly in time. Consequently, finding a space-time model can be simplified into obtaining several reference space models. In order to stabilize iterative inversion and to calculate meaningful subsurface images varying with time, the regularization along time axis is introduced assuming that the subsurface model will not change significantly during the data acquisition. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the numerical experiments using the synthetic data of crosshole dc resistivity tomography.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.521-531
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the state of dental health(number of natural teeth) and nutritional status of Korean elderly using Korean Dietary Reference Intakes, which was an objective standard for nutritional intake based on database of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, large scale of sample obtained by the government. Methods : Complex sampling procedure was used to analyze the fourth data(2007-2009) of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. When preparing planning file, the estimator of variance as a stratification variance (variance name : kstrata), population of survey unit as a cluster variance(variance name : PSU), and previous exam and nutritional related weighted as a weighted were analyzed by considering reproduced survey and nutritional related total weighted. Complex samples chi-square test was used to estimate the relation between number of natural teeth and inadequate intake and relation factors included in the model were analyzed by complex samples logistic regression analysis. Results : The group of edentulous had a higher risk to intake less nutrient, except calcium, riboflavin and vitamin C than recommended level comparing to reference group which had natural teeth more than 20(phosphate : OR=1.763; 95% CI=1.273-2.443, thiamine : OR=1.748; 95% CI=1.276-2.395, protein : OR=1.610; 95% CI=1.213-2.138). Conclusions : The number of teeth in Korean elderly over 65 years old had a relation with nutritional status in this investigation. Especially, intake level of nutrients was different between the edentulous group and the reference group. Therefore, dental health care is needed from young and middle age to keep health dental condition for through whole life as well as old age. Although the dental condition of the aged is not good, it is evitable to educate them about the relation between dental health and nutritional ingestion to take balanced nutrition, we think.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2004

This thesis is designed to investigate the relationship of Web Multimedia design. Web sites are needed to approach the lot of ways that increase the user intuitive lay over communicating information nowadays. In the digital era of today, multimedia is composed of such various elements as text, image, sound, animation, video. The method of the thesis is a research questions as this follow. First, the structuring element of the web site type was classified by a form and the contents in the web site. These types in this classified web site are HTML, flash and mixed type. Second, to study this thesis, we made up pose a questionnaire to students in the university as th method of random sampling. The goal of this survey is that user is how to understand about the web multimedia design. Results of analysis may be summarized as follows: 1) It was the image design in the NIKE web site that there would be evaluated the best design effected by flash, and it is finding that the NIDE web site will need more supporting Information, Interactive design through this studies. 2) It was information that there would be evaluated good design effect by text and image in SAMSUNG web site. Based on HTML, SAMSUNG need supporting motion image design by this studies. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that the each web medias should be constructed by the different web design component, according to information, Interactive, image design of web site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2009

1,3-butadiene is classified as suspected human carcinogen, group A2(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH). In Korea, 1,3-butadiene has been used as a raw material; monomer, homopolymer, polybutadiene latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) and styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR), in the petrochemistry and precision chemistry industry. As petrochemistry industry in Korea has been developed, the potential exposure possibility of 1,3-butadiene to workers can be increased. Therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate airborne 1,3-butadiene concentration and workers' exposure levels in the workplace using 1,3-butadiene. Air samples were collected with 4-tert-butyl catechol(TBC) charcoal tube(100 mg/50 mg) and were analyzed by gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(GC/FID) according to the Choi's method(2002). Geometric mean (GM) and arithmetic mean (AM) of total 59 workers' exposure concentrations to airborne 1.3-butadiene were 0.042 ppm and 1.51 ppm, respectively. Although most samples were lower than 1ppm, 2 samples(21.5ppm and 33.1ppm as 8hr-TWA) were exceeded the Korean standard(2ppm) over 10 times at the repair process in synthetic rubber and resin manufacture industry. 14 samples(41%) of total 34 short-term air samples were exceeded the Korean standard(10ppm as STEL) of Ministry Labor. 1,3-butadiene concentration(GM) in the synthetic rubber and resin manufacture industry(7.87ppm) was significantly higher than that in the monomer manufacure industry (0.35ppm)(p<0.05). Also in the sampling and repair process, each GM(range) was 1.39ppm(N.D.-469.6ppm) and 7.85ppm(N.D.-410.2ppm). In conclusion, it depends on the industry and process, 1,3-butadiene can be exposed to workers as high concentration for short-term.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1996

Effects of acid deposition on the acidification of surface water over a short term period were studied during June~October, 1995. A reservoir located in Chunchon, Kangwondo was selected for this study because this reservoir had received little man-made pollutants. Geological survey within the study area was carried out and the pH of a small and shallow stream flowing from the mountain valley down to the reservoir was monitored. Rainfall was measured by using a rain gauge and the precipitation was collected by automatic precipitation sampler. During the study period, rain pH was in the range of 3.81~5.77 with an average of 4.8. The EC was in the range of 5~189$\mu$S/cm with an average of 10.6$\mu$S/cm. ionic composition of the rainfall showed that of the anions, deposition of ${SO_4}^{2-}$, was highest with 3,119.7 kg/$\textrm{km}^2$, and it was $NH^{4+}$ with 1,053.2kg/$\textrm{km}^2$ for cations. The surface water pHs were maintained neutral or weak basic representing little evidence of acidification regardless of the acidic rainfall pH. Every time of sampling, however, the pHs exhibited increasing tendency as elevation of measuring site of the stream became lowered, which indicated the impacts of acid-base reactions by acidic or basic substances during travel of water downstream. This result suggested the necessity of further research to determine the respective buffering capacity of soil and underlying rocks.