• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07d
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• pp.3019-3021
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• 2005

In this paper we suggest a novel temperature detection method utilized in direct over-temperature protection circuit modeling. The suggested model detects temperature variation using Rds(on) characteristics of MOSFET, while the conventional methods are using extra devices such as a temperature sensor or an over-temperature detection transistor. The temperature-dependant MOSFET model is implemented using Spice ABM(Spice Analog Behavior Model). The direct over-temperature protection circuit was designed including it. We verified effectiveness of the temperature dependant Rds(on) model characteristics and performance of the direct over-temperature protection circuit on PSpice simulation

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.263-266
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• 2002

Rises of temperature and resistance are observed in HTS tapes under over current condition. In this paper, we measured HTS tapes properties under low-over current condition with a little temperature rise as well as high-over current condition with a large temperature rise. According to the results of measurement, rises of temperature and resistance strongly depend on insulation level and duration of over current condition.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2006

We suggest a novel temperature detection method utilized in temperature monitoring system. Suggested method detects temperature variation by using $R_{ds(on)}$ characteristics of MOSFET, while conventional methods are using extra devices such as a temperature sensor or an over-temperature detection transistor. For voltage detection between drain and source, 10 bits resolution ADC is needed. Therefore possible measurement signal range is about ten mV. If detected temperature's voltage exceed protection temperature's voltage then controller generates OT (Over Temperature) signal to stop MOSFET's trigger signal. Whole process of measurement is controlled by software. Experimental results show that the developed temperature monitoring system can provide the suitable temperature monitoring method and difference between detected and data sheet value of the suggested system is about $3\%$.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.740-741
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• 2015

the downscaled air temperature data over study region for the projected 2001 - 2099 period were then ensemble averaged, and the ensemble averages of 6 realizations were compared against the corresponding historical downscaled data for the 1961 - 2000 period in order to assess the impact of climate change on air temperature over study region by graphical, spatial and statistical methods. In order to evaluate the seasonal trends under future climate change conditions, the simulated annual, annual DJF (December-January-February), and annual JJA (June-July-August) mean air temperature for 5 watersheds during historical and future periods were evaluated. From the results, it is clear that there is a rising trend in the projected air temperature and future air temperature would be warmer by about 3 degrees Celsius toward the end of 21^st century if the ensemble projections of air temperature become true. Spatial comparison of 30-year average annual mean air temperature between historical period (1970 - 1999) and ensemble average of 6-realization shows that air temperature is warmer toward end of 21^st century compared to historical period.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.909-911
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• 2002

Rises of current level at power applications, such as transformer, motor, power cable need for using stacked HTS tapes. In this paper, we measured rises of temperature and tap voltage in 4-stacked HTS tapes under over-current condition. We measured 4-stacked HTS tapes properties under over-current condition with a little temperature rise as well as a large temperature rise. Rises of temperature and tap voltage are measured by using E-type thermocouples and voltage taps, respectively. According to the results of measurement, rises of tap voltage under over-current condition with a large temperature rises depends on rises of temperature.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.403-417
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• 2014

Future changes in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation over East Asia under anthropogenic global warming are investigated by comparing the historical run for 1979~2005 and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run for 2006~2100 with 20 coupled models which participated in the phase five of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5). Although an increase in future temperature over the East Asian monsoon region has been commonly accepted, the prediction of future precipitation under global warming still has considerable uncertainties with a large inter-model spread. Thus, we select best five models, based on the evaluation of models' performance in present climate for boreal summer and winter seasons, to reduce uncertainties in future projection. Overall, the CMIP5 models better simulate climatological temperature and precipitation over East Asia than the phase 3 of CMIP and the five best models' multi-model ensemble (B5MME) has better performance than all 20 models' multi-model ensemble (MME). Under anthropogenic global warming, significant increases are expected in both temperature and land-ocean thermal contrast over the entire East Asia region during both seasons for near and long term future. The contrast of future precipitation in winter between land and ocean will decrease over East Asia whereas that in summer particularly over the Korean Peninsula, associated with the Changma, will increase. Taking into account model validation and uncertainty estimation, this study has made an effort on providing a more reliable range of future change for temperature and precipitation particularly over the Korean Peninsula than previous studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 1974

The Purpose of this study was to observe the body temperature changes of newborn infants in general crib and electric heat crib after birth for the period required to reach the optimum body temperature. Forty-seven newborn infants who were delivered at Seoul National University Hospital during the period from June 12 to September 13, 1973 were chosen as Subjects for this study. The criteria for the choice of subjects were the babies with normal spontaneous delivery; body weight 2.5kg and over at birth; Apgar so ore seven and over and gestation period over thirty-six weeks. Of these subjects, by random sampling thirty-one newborn infants were placed in the general crib and sixteen in the electric-heat crib. The rectal body temperature of these newborn infants were taken and recorded at fifteen-minute interval for the first one hour period after birth, at thirty minute interval for the next two hours and at one hour interval for the remaining period up to eight hours. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The mean body temperature of the newborn infants on admission to nursery ranged from 98.7℉. to 99℉. irrespective of the body weight and the room temperature. 2. There was a significant difference in the body temperature changes of the newborn infants as a total between the general crib and the electric-heat crib from three to eight hours after birth. It was found that the body temperature of the newborn infants in the electric-heat crib was significantly higher than that of the newborn infants in the general crib. 3. In comparison with the body temperature changes of the newborn infants in the general crib, the newborn infants in the electric- heat crib exhibited significantly higher body temperatures in all three body weight groups; from four to eight hours after birth in the 2.5-2.9kg body weight group; from three to seven hours after birth in the 3.0-3.4kg body weight group; from two and half to six hours after birth in the group with body weight over 3.5kg. 4. Time required to reach 98℉. of body temperature was four hours in the 3.5-2.9kg body weight group, three hours in the 3.0-3.4kg. body weight group and two and half hours in the group with body weight over 3.5kg in the electric- heat crib. In the general crib, it took over eight hours in the 2.5-2.9kg body weight group and five hors in both the 3.0-3.4kg and over 3.5kg body weight group to reach 98℉ of body temperature. 5. The lowest mean body temperature of newborn infants in both general and electric- heat crib appeared in forty-five minute after birth and the temperature ranged from 96.4℉ to 96.5℉. 6. The mean body temperature of the newborn infants in the general crib was increased as the room temperature. 7. The body weight, the room temperature and the time elapsed after birth fore proved to be significant factors influencing the body temperature changes of newborn infants. From tile above results, the three hypotheses were positively accepted.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.194-204
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• 2015

This study analyzed a change trend of ambient temperature over the last sixty years in the largest industrial city in Korea, Ulsan. Linear warming rates in Ulsan over the last 25 (1985 to 2009), 40 (1970 to 2009), and 60 (1950 to 2009) years were 0.0507, 0.0416, and $0.0277^{\circ}C/yr$, respectively. The annual average temperature (AAT) and the annual average of the daily lowest temperature (AADLT) in Ulsan increased 1.3 and $2.9^{\circ}C$, respectively, over the last fifty years (1960 to 2009). The increasing slopes of the AAT and AADLT over the fifty years in Ulsan were higher or much higher than those in neighboring cities and on a global scale. In the comparison analysis of daily average temperature over the most recent ten years, the highest ($15.9^{\circ}C$) was observed in the industrial area followed by the downtown, coastal, suburban, and rural areas with 14.6, 14.5, 14.0, and $12.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. The number of cold days less than $5.0^{\circ}C$ decreased, while the number of hot days higher than $20.0^{\circ}C$ increased. The decreasing slopes in the cold days in lower latitude cities were steeper than those in higher latitude cities in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.767-773
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• 1997

Thermal shock behavior of alumina ceramics were studied by quenching the heated alumina specimen into the water of various temperatures over 0~10$0^{\circ}C$. The critical thermal shock temperature difference ( Tc) of the specimen decreased almost linearly from 275$^{\circ}C$ to 20$0^{\circ}C$ with increase in the cooling water temperature over 0~6$0^{\circ}C$. It is probably due to the increase of the maximum cooling rate which is dependent of the convection heat transfer coefficient. The convection heat transfer coefficient is a function of the temperature of the cooling water. However, the critical thermal shock temperature difference( Tc) of the specimen increased at 25$0^{\circ}C$ over 80~10$0^{\circ}C$ due to the film boiling of the cooling water. The maximum cooling rate, which brings about the maximum thermal stress of the specimen in the cooling process, was observed to increase linearly with the increase in the quenching temperature difference of the specimen due to the linear relationship of the convection heat transfer coefficient with the water temperature over 0~6$0^{\circ}C$. The critical maximum cooling rate for thermal shock fracture was observed almost constant to be about 260$\pm$1$0^{\circ}C$/s for all water temperatures over 0~6$0^{\circ}C$. Therefore, thermal shock behavior of alumina ceramics is greatly influenced by the convection heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water.

• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

We investigate regional differences in the characteristics of cold surges that occurred over the South Korea during winter season (December-February, 1981/1982~2017/2018). A significant regional contrast of cold surge characteristics exists and we found that this is closely related to the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of winter-mean climatological surface temperature in association with the complex topography of the Korean peninsula. For the regions of the temperature below -1℃ (Region1; R1), the frequency of cold surges is inversely proportional to the surface temperature almost linearly. In case of the regions above -1℃ (Region2; R2), cold surge frequency does not exhibit any clear dependency on the surface temperature. Duration and number of occurrences of cold surge between the two regions showed clear difference. Dynamical evolution of cold surges before the onset showed a sharp contrast between R1 and R2. In R1, cold surface air temperature (SAT) was already predominant over East-Asia before the onset and the cold temperature was sustained after the occurrence. On the contrary, warm SAT was predominant over East-Asia before the onset in R2. The SAT suddenly drops just after the cold surge occurrence. We present different origin of wave activity and propagation characteristics between the two types: Wave-activity flux (WAF) was relatively weaker and wave disturbances moved eastward in R1 along with the WAF mainly directing eastward. In case of R2, WAF was stronger and directing southeastward in the upstream of South Korea movement erasing predominant warmer air eventually causing sudden temperature drops over southern provinces over South Korea.