• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2004

Women with menopause or rats with ovariectomy is associated with increased body weight, body fat and insulin resistance, which are components of metabolic syndrome. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, since mitochondrial oxidative and phosphorylation activity is strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity. Although estradiol replacement prevents the metabolic syndrome, harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage to prevent the metabolic syndrome. It has been reported that genistein has a mild estrogenic activity, decreases fat mass in mice and has an antidiabetic role in diabetic rats. Although insulin resistance is closely related to mitochondrial functions, there has not been yet any study in regard to the effect of dietary genistein on mitochondrial function in the insulin resistant female subjects induced by ovariectomy or similar situation. The present study investigated whether the supplementation of genistein in the high fat diet affected the mitochondrial function of high fat fed ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were assigned to the following groups: sham-operated+ high fat diet (S, n=6); sham-operated + high fat diet with 0.1% genistein (S + G, n=7); ovariectomized + high fat diet (OVX, n=8); ovariectomized + high fat diet with 0.1% genistein (OVX+ G, n=8). Ovariectomy significantly increased body weight compared with S group. Genistein consumption in ovariectomized (OVX + G) rats decreased body weight gain compared with OVX rats. Liver weights were increased by ovariectomy. The hepatic mitochondrial protein density expressed as mg per g liver was lower in the OVX group than in the S group. However, OVX + G group showed the increased mitochondrial protein density similar to the level of S group. When mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondria such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COX III) were measured, there were decreases in the mRNA levels of PGC-1 and COX III in S + G, OVX and OVX + G group. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase was not different between groups. We could observe the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity per g liver in OVX rats. Genistein supplement increased SDH activity. In conclusion, genistein supplementation to the OVX rats enhanced mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial protein density and SDH activity. The improvement in mitochondrial function by genistein can contribute to the improvement in metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

As far as we know, there were no studies of the effect of L-arginine on bone metabolism in post-menopausal women or ovariectomized rats. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether arginine supplementation was associated with alterations in femoral and spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, Ovx and sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and arginine supplemented diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Bone resorption was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. The plasma was analyzed for arginine. Diet did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, and plasma arginine concentration. Urinary Ca excretion was decreased by arginine supplementation in Ovx rats, but statistically not significant. The Ovx rats fed arginine-supplemented diet were not significantly different in ALP, osteocalcin, crosslinks value, PTH, calcitonin and IGF-1 compared to those fed control diet. The arginine-supplemented group had significantly higher serum Ca and growth hormone than control group. Spine and femur BMD were significantly increased by arginine supplementation on 5th and 9th weeks after feeding. Our findings indicate that dietary L-arginine supplementation decreased bone mineral density loss in Ovx rats. Therefore, dietary arginine supplementation may represent a potentially useful strategy for the management of osteoporosis.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (C. japonicum) extract on serum level of hormones from induced osteoporosis by ovariectomized rats. Two month-old rats were ovariectomized (OVX), remained untreated for 8 weeks, and were subsequently administered C. japonicum (200 mg/kg) every day for 8 weeks. We examined the effects of treated C. japonicum on ovariectomy-related changes in Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF), Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGBF-3), Estrogen, Calcium, and Phosporus. After 8 weeks, the serum levels of IGF-I, -II, and IGFBP-3 were higher presented as compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05), in the C. japonicum extract treatment on OVX rats. There were differences between OVX and C. japonicum extract treated OVX rats in serum levels of $Ca^{2+}$, but $Ca^{2+}$ levels for the normal group was higher than for the other two groups. The C. japonicum extract increased both serum IGFs and IGFBP-3 levels on induced osteoporotic rat by ovariectomized. Thus, these results revealed that the C. japonicum extract is a possible role for improvement of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats and has a great potential as an alternative tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2003

본 연구는 흰쥐의 난소제거로 유발한 골다공증에 대한 흥화씨(Carhamus inctorius L)의 투여 효과를 알아보기 위하여 혈청내 호르몬과 골소주의 변화를 관찰하였다 실험동물은 4개월 령의 흰쥐를 난소절제를 실시하여 골다공증을 유발 시킨 후 실험에 이용하였으며 30일간 격일 간격으로 0.03g/kg의 용량을 투여 하였다. 혈청 내에서 Insulin-like Growth Factors, Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Estrogen, Bone-specific alkaline phosphotase, Calcium, and Phospotase를 매 10일 간격으로 측정하였으며 비골의 골간을 채취하여 조직 형태학적인 검사를 실시하였고 체중에 대한 대퇴골 무게를 측정하였다. 홍화씨 투여 10일과 20일에서는 혈청내 IGF-I, IGF-II그리고 IGFBP-3의 변화는 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있는 변화를 관찰할 수 없었으나 홍화씨 투여 30일에 있어서는 IGF-I, IGF-II그리고 IGFBP-3의 변화가 대조군에 비하여 현저히 높은 유의서 있는 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.05). Bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)에 있어서도 홍화씨 투여 30일 에 가장 많은 변화가 있었으나 estrogen과 체중에 대한 대퇴골의 무게에 있어서는 유의성 있는 변화를 관찰하지 못했다. 오히려 이시기에 난소를 절제하지 않는 대조군의 estrogen치가 높게 나타났다. 난소절제로 골다공증을 유발시킨 흰쥐에 있어서 흥화씨의 투여는 혈청내 IGFs, IGFBP-3 and BALP을 높임으로서 골다공증 치료에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료됩니다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2012

갱년기의 여성에는 여러 폐경 증후들이 나타나는데, 특히 에스트로겐의 감소로 인한 혈중의 지질 조성의 변화 등으로 심혈관계 질환의 발병율이 높아지게 된다. 이러한 폐경기의 문제를 감소시키기 위하여 호르몬 보충요법이 사용되고 있으나 유방암, 관상동맥질환 등을 오히려 증가시키는 등의 보고가 있다. 따라서 해조류 중에서 갈조류인 대황 추출물을 이용하여 갱년기 유도 흰쥐의 혈중지질 농도, 혈소판 응집력 및 혈액 유동성을 통하여 그 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 동물실험에 이용하기 위한 추출물 제조 방법으로는 열수와 에탄올을 이용하는 것이 일반적이므로, 이러한 추출 방법으로 추출물을 제조한 후 항산화 활성을 측정하여 활성이 우수한 추출물을 본 실험에 이용하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 갱년기 유도로 인하여 증가된 혈청 중 중성지방 및 총콜레스테롤 함량은 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 저하되었으며, 특히 대황 추출물 200 mg/kg bw/day 투여는 중성지방 함량을 유의적으로 감소시키는 결과를 나타내었다. AI와 CRF는 난소를 절제한 OVX-CON군이 난소를 절제하지 않은 SHAM군 보다 유의적으로 증가하는 결과가 나타났으나, 대황 추출물의 투여에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 대황추출물의 항 혈전능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 난소절제로 인하여 혈 중 지질 함량이 증가한 상태에서 washed platelet을 분리하고 콜라겐 2 ${\mu}g$으로 혈소판 응집을 유도하였다. 그 결과 대황 추출물을 투여한 군이 OVX-CON군에 비해 혈소판 응집을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다(Table 5). Amplitude (%)는 난소절제를 한 OVX-CON군이 난소절제를 하지 않은 SHAM군과 비교하여 증가하였으나, 대황 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군 모두에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 난소절제로 인해 OVX-CON군이 비 난소절제군인 SHAM군과 비교하여 Slop이 증가하여 혈소판 응집이 촉진되었으나, 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 감소하였고 특히 OVX-EB50군에서 유의적으로 감소하여 혈소판 응집이 억제되었다. 응집시간을 나타내는 lag time (sec)은 난소절제에 의해 반응이 일어나는 시간이 짧아져, 혈소판 응집이 촉진되는 결과가 나타났다. 이에 반해 대황 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군에서 응집시간이 지연되었으며, 특히 OVX-EB200군의 경우 정상군인 SHAM군과 같은 응집지연 효과를 보였다. 한편, 대황 추출물이 혈액의 유동성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험 결과 난소절제에 의해 혈액의 점도가 증가하여 유동성이 저하되었으나, 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 유동성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 대황 추출물이 외부자극으로 인한 혈소판 응집능이나, 점도의 증가로 인한 혈액의 유동성에 효과적인 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 이상과 같이 대황 추출물이 혈중 LDL-콜레스테롤, AI 및 CRF를 감소시키고, 혈액 유동성을 증가시키는 결과로부터 심혈관 질환의 위험율을 저하시킬 수 있는 소재가 될 것으로 기대가 되나, 앞으로 투여량의 범위 및 조절 등의 구체적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.394-400
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• 1991

A question whether abnormal responsiveness of hypothalamic catecholaminergic nervous system to ovarian steoid hormones in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exist was investigated. Four groups of experimental animals were prepared for SHR and normotensive Wistar rats (NW) respectively: 1) intact, 2) ovariectomized (OVX+V), 3) ovariectomized and estrogen treated (OVX+E), 4) ovariectomized and estrogen plus progesterone treated (OVX+E+P) groups. Hypothalami from experimental animals were dissected out and used for determination of .alpha.-adrenergic receptor binding characteristics and catecholamine contents. Norepinephrine(NE) content and B$_{max}$ of $\alpha_1$-adrenergic receptors in hypothalami were greater in intact SHR than in intact NW, but dopamine(DA) content was lower in SHR than in NW. Neither contents of NE and DA nor binding characteristics of $\alpha_1$-adrenergic receptors were different in OVX+V and OVX+E group from intact group of both SHR and NW. Kd and B$_{max}$ of $\alpha_1$-adrenergic receptors in OVX+E+P was lower than that in intact SHR but not in NW. DA content was lower in OVX+E+P than in intact group of SHR and NW. The result of the present study indicates that there is an abnormal responsiveness of hypothalamic catecholaminergic nervous system to ovarian steroid hormones in SHR which may be one of genetically-determined factors probably not responsible for the development of hypertension.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of isoflavone-treated ovariectomized growing rat's femur. 4-week-old Wistar (female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and assigned to sham(SH) group, and four ovariectomized groups consisting of one ovariectomized(OVX) group and genisetin(10 mg/kg b.w. )(OVX+G), daidzein(10 mg/kg b.w.)(OVX+D), and 17 $\beta$-estradiol(10 $\mu$g/kg b.w.)(OVX+ES) in AIN-76 modified diet for 8 weeks. The OVX groups gained more body weight than the SH group. Femoral weight was increased by feeding genistein and estradiol, whereas femoral length among groups was not significantly different. The breaking farce, stiffness, deformation, and energy values of the OVX group were lower than those of other groups. The stress, strain, and Young's modulus values of the OVX group were higher than those of other groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 난소절제 흰쥐에 구아바잎 추출물을 8주 동안 경구투여한 결과 난소절제 대조군인 OVX군과 비교시 체중 증가량 및 혈중 유리지방산이 유의적으로 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 간 내 중성지방 농도가 $OVX{\cdot}GL$군과 $OVX{\cdot}GH$군에서 모두 유의적으로 감소하였으며 혈중 항산화 효소인 GPx 농도가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 간 내 항산화 효소 및 eNOS의 mRNA 발현 정도를 측정한 결과 OVX군에 비해 구아바잎 추출물 급여군인 $OVX{\cdot}GL$군과 $OVX{\cdot}GH$군에서 모두 Nrf2 및 CAT의 mRNA 발현 정도가 유의적으로 증가하였으며 eNOS또한 $OVX{\cdot}GH$군에서 유의적으로 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 구아바잎 추출물 경구투여는 항산화 효소의 활성을 증가시키고 혈관내피세포의 기능을 향상시킴으로써 폐경 후 나타날 수 있는 혈관질환과 산화스트레스로 인한 대사적 장애 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2004

난소 절제시술 및 폐경으로 인한 여성 호르몬인 estrogen의 감소는 지속되는 골 손실 가속화 등으로 인한 골 질환의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 흰쥐의 난소를 절제하여 인위적인 폐경을 유도하여 골손실의 정도를 결합조직 중의 collagen 함량 및 collagen성숙가교인 pyridinoline함량을 측정하여 그 효과를 검토하였다 난소 절제 후 결합조직 중의 collagen함량은 연골과 피부에서 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군에 비하여 낮았으며, 김 추출물 투여군에서 유의적이지는 않으나 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 골 중 collagen성숙가교인 pyrldinoline 함량은 난소절제에 의해 감소하였으나 골에서는 김 추출물 투여에 의해 난소를 절제하지 않은 Sham군과 비슷한 수준으로 증가하였고, 연골에서는 김 추출물 투여에 의해 Sham군과 비슷한 수준으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 pyridinoline 생성에 유익한 효과를 나타내었다. 김 추출물이 collagen합성 및 성숙가교인 pyridinoline 생성을 회복시킨 본 실험의 결과로 보아 폐경기여성에게 김 추출물의 섭취는 폐경으로 인한 골손실을 감소시켜 줄 것으로 사료되어지며, 이러한 작용을 나타낸 김의 성분 및 그 기전에 대해서는 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요할것으로 생각된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat on prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Method : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by 2 kinds of medicine, Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat. Results : The levels of spinal bone mineral density was significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum osteoclacin and calcium didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum ALP showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 3 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix group, and showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of serum phosphorus showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 3, 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 6 weeks in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of urine calcium and phosphorus didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral phosphorus showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. And the levels of fibula-tibial ash weight showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflori Radix group. The levels of body weight and uterus weight didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in Polygoni Multiflon Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appears that Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat have efficacy on prevention of osteoporosis. In particular Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat showed good efficacy in comparison with Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparat.