• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.435-445
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• 2011

Serous ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies. Progress on effective diagnostics and therapeutics for this disease are hampered by ambiguity as to the cellular origins of this histotype of ovarian cancer, as well as limited suitable animal models to analyze early stages of disease. In this report, we will review current animal models with respect to the two proposed progenitor cells for serous ovarian cancer, the ovarian surface epithelium and the fallopian tube epithelium.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.429-440
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• 1996

In order to know morphological changes on the female genital organs by Ivermectin(IVM) administration, the histopathological observation was carried out in the organs of rat and mouse treated with the overdose of IVM. In the microscopical findings of the uterus, there were many mitotic figures, epithelial hyperplasia and papillary foldings in the endometrial surface. The increased prevalance of uterine glands, uterine epithelia and glands hyperplasia were markedly presented on diverse patterns adenoma-like structure and single nodular or multiple polyp-like adenoma. In ovary, primary and mature follicles were decreased in number, and hypoplasia of ovarian follicles, atretic follicles, follicular cysts and ovarian atropy were observed. It was considered that IVM administration resulted in follicular hypoplasia and atropy of ovary, and hyperplasia of uterine gland and endometrial surface epithelium might be transformed to neoplasia of glandular structures.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related death in women, but the main biological causes remain open questions. Hormonal factors have been considered to be an important determinant causing ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and its analogs have clinically therapeutic value in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, numerous studies have shown that the potential of GnRH-II in normal reproductive system or reproductive disorder. GnRH-I receptors have been detected in approximately 80% of ovarian cancer biopsy specimens as well as normal ovarian epithelial cells and immortalized ovarian surface epithelium cells. GnRH-II receptors have also been found to be more widely expressed than GnRH-I receptors in mammals, suggesting that GnRH receptors may have additional functions in reproductive system including ovarian cancer. The signal transduction pathway following the binding of GnRH to GnRH receptor has been extensively studied. The activation of protein kinase A/C (PKA/PKC) pathway is involved in the GnRH-I induced anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, GnRH-I induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation plays a role in anti-proliferative effect and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and the activation of transcriptional factors related to cellular responses. However, the role of GnRH-I and II receptors, there are discrepancies between previous reports. In this review, the role of GnRH in ovarian cancer and the mechanisms to induce anti-proliferation were evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Ultrastructure of germ cell during gametogenesis of surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis were investigated by electron microscopic observations. Oogonia are oval in shape and 5-6 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. They contain a large nucleus and have several mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Vitellogenic oocytes grew attached by a stalk to the germinal epithelium in the ovarian sac and their cytoplasm contained many yolk granules, lipid granules and mitochondria. Mature oocytes measuring 50-60 ${\mu}m$ in diameter have a nucleus containing an electron dense nucleolus, and a lots of yolk granules, lipid granules, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and cortical granules were present in the cytoplasm. The surface of the plasma membrane in mature oocytes was formed of microvilli approximately 1.5 ${\mu}m$ long and enveloped in the vitelline layer. Spematogonia are oval in shape and about 5 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Sprmatogonia develop into spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoon. The spermatozoon consisted of the head, midpiece and tail. The sperm head with diameter of about 1.5 ${\mu}m$ was ovoid, and contained the nucleus which consisted of acrosome. The four mitochondria encircled the centrosome in midpiece. The flagellum measuring about 40 ${\mu}m$ long had the classical 9+2 axoneme structure.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 1980

The dovelopment of the gonads, gametogenesis and the reproductive cycle of the topshell, Turbo cornutus Solander, which is one of valuable food animals fom Korean waters were studied by photomicroscophy. The materials were monthly collected from Bangeojin, Jeongjari and Dangweol, all these places being located in the south-eastern part of Korea, for one year from March 1979 to February 1980. Topshell is dioecious and oviparous. Gonad is situated on the surface of liver, which lies posteriorly. The surface of ovary and testis is covered with a fibrous membrane, membrane of connective and muscular fibers and then an outermost layer of simple-columnar epithelial cells which are composed of cuboidal and columnar mucous gland cells. Primordial germ cells develop on the germinal epithelium of ovarian and testicular lobuli which are originated from the fibrous membrane and extend toward hepatic gland. Undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and pigment granular cells are abundantly distributed between the growing oocytes and spermatocytes in the early development stages. With the further development of the ovary and testis these tissue and cells gradually disappear. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and pigment granular cells are considered to be related to the growing of the oocytes and spermatocytes. Early multiplicating oogonium is ca. $10\mu$ in diameter and nucleushaving a central nucleolus is ra. $8\mu$. As the oocytea grow to ca. $50-60\mu$ by the increase of cytoplasm, the oocytes become look like bunches of grapes which are attached to ovarian lobuli. Mature eggs are ca. $180-210\mu$ in diameter and it is surrounded by a gelatinous membrane of ca. $10\mu$ in thickness. After spawning, undischarged ripe eggs and spermatozoa remain in the ovary and testis respectively for some time. Then they finally degenerate, and proliferation of new oogonia and spermatogonia occur along the germinal epithelia of newly developed ovarian and testicular lobuli. Reprocuctive cycle of Turbo cornutus could be classified into five successive stages: multiplicative, growing, maturer spent and recovery stages. Spawning occurs from August to November with Peak spawning from early September to late October.