• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2021

Body weight of livestock is a crucial indicator for assessing feed requirements and nutritional status. This study was performed to estimate the body weight of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) using body volume determined from three-dimensional (3-D) image. A TOF camera with a resolution of 640×480 pixels, a frame rate of 44 fps and a field of view of 47°(H)×37°(V) was used to capture the 3-D images for Hanwoo. A grid image of the body was obtained through preprocessing such as separating the body from background and removing outliers from the obtained 3-D image. The body volume was determined by numerical integration using depth information to individual grid. The coefficient of determination for a linear regression model of body weight and body volume for calibration dataset was 0.8725. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination was 0.9083 in a multiple regression model for estimating body weight, in which the age of Hanwoo was added to the body volume as an explanatory variable. Mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error in the multiple regression model to estimate the body weight for validation dataset were 8.2% and 24.5kg, respectively. The performance of the regression model for weight estimation was improved and the effort required for estimating body weight could be reduced as the body volume of Hanwoo was used. From these results obtained, it was concluded that the body volume determined from 3-D of Hanwoo could be used as an effective variable for estimating body weight.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_1
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• pp.1507-1515
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• 2021

If chlorophyll-a is estimated through ocean color remote sensing, it is able to understand the global distribution of phytoplankton and primary production. However, there are missing data in the ocean color observed from the satellites due to the clouds or weather conditions. In thisstudy, the missing data of the GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) chlorophyll-a product wasreconstructed by using DINEOF (Data INterpolation Empirical Orthogonal Functions). DINEOF reconstructs the missing data based on spatio-temporal data, and the accuracy was cross-verified by removing a part of the GOCI chlorophyll-a image and comparing it with the reconstructed image. In the study area, the optimal EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Functions) mode for DINEOF wasin 10-13. The temporal and spatialreconstructed data reflected the increasing chlorophyll-a concentration in the afternoon, and the noise of outliers was filtered. Therefore, it is expected that DINEOF is useful to reconstruct the missing images, also it is considered that it is able to use as basic data for monitoring the ocean environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

As road noise became an issue, low-noise pavement (LNP) has emerged. The noise difference from general asphalt pavement (GAP) is a measure to explain the noise reduction of LNP. On the other hand, even for GAP, noise varies with the performance years (PY) and pavement condition. This study evaluated the representative noise value (RNV) by the speed and PY of GAP. Sections of 49selected from the National Road Pavement Management System, and the noise was measured at speeds from 50km/h to 80km/h at every 10km/h using the Close Proximity Method (CPX). Because the noise immediately after construction differed from the other, it was treated separately, and some outliers were removed. The noise increased with increasing PY. In addition, the noise increase by speed showed a reliable trend at all noise levels. The RNV for each speed and PY was obtained through analyses of the PY and speed. The average noise difference between the initial construction and the six-year-paced pavement was approximately 6dB. When evaluating the noise reduction of LNP, it is necessary to use RNV rather than the noise of old pavement. The RNV of GAP is necessary for a relative comparison with LNP and studying the road noise characteristics for each GAP type.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.478-489
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• 2018

Total knee arthroplasty has become a standard procedure for advanced knee arthritis to relieve pain and improve function. Computer-assisted navigation systems have been used in total knee arthroplasty to improve the mechanical axis of the limb as well as the alignment and position of the components. A computer-assisted navigation system has the advantage of real-time feedback during surgery, such as mediolateral balance in extension and flexion gap, alignment of the lower limb, and components. On the other hand, the computer-assisted navigation system requires an additional stab wound for tracker fixation, which can increase the likelihood of superficial wound infection and stress fractures and increase the operation time and cost of surgery. The clinical efficacy of computer-assisted navigation in total knee arthroplasty is also controversial. Compared to the conventional technique, computer navigation improves the accuracy of the postoperative mechanical axis within outliers of $3^{\circ}$ varus or $3^{\circ}$ valgus. This paper reviews the surgical technique, pitfalls, clinical and radiological outcomes, useful clinical cases, and future perspectives in computer-assisted navigation total knee arthroplasty.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.875-883
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• 2018

This study examined overall effect of STEAM programs on student learning through meta-analysis of journal articles published for the past six years. We examined the areas of effects that the research tested and analyzed overall effect across the research. We first identified academic journal articles that utilized quasi-experimental design in examining STEAM effects on student learning and presented appropriate data for meta-analysis such as effect size. A total of 63 articles were identified to be appropriate for meta-analysis. Using R packages, we first identified outliers and eliminated them in the analysis of mean effect size. Thus, 172 effect sizes from 60 studies were analyzed. The results showed that the mean effect was medium (effect size = 0.52). Analysis showed that moderators of the effect were affective measures, thinking skills, character measures, and career aspirations, which meant the studies that measured these variables had more effect than achievement measures. On the other hand, the school level (elementary, middle, and high school), the absence or presence of student products as program requirements, hours of intervention, and sample size did not moderate the effect. Thus, regardless of these variables STEAM programs produced medium effect in general. Based on these results, further research areas and topics are suggested.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.170-186
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• 2019

The marine ecosystem survey investigates and analyzes multi-parameters at various times from various sites. Therefore, it is very difficult to analyze the complex ecological data of multi-items effectively, and it is more difficult to identify the current status and diagnose the problems of ecosystem through data analysis. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an example of interpretation of complex ecological data through analysis of distribution characteristics and outliers of ecological survey data. The main contents of the study are to elucidate the background levels of coastal ecosystem parameters considering the distribution characteristics of data, and to establish ecosystem monitoring indicators and an adaptive management system for the coastal waters in Korean Peninsula. The data used in this paper are based on the coastal ecosystem survey of the National Marine Ecosystem Monitoring Program conducted by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) and the Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation (KOEM), and the major citations are from year 2015 to 2017. This article is a preliminary study to establish the above processes and the final result will be derived in 2020 when the coastal ecosystem survey is completed three times along the Korean coast.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

This study was conducted to estimate the dimensions of horticultural products and the mean plant height of plug seedlings using three-dimensional (3D) images. Two types of camera, a ToF camera and a stereo-vision camera, were used to acquire 3D images for horticultural products and plug seedlings. The errors calculated from the ToF images for dimensions of horticultural products and mean height of plug seedlings were lower than those predicted from stereo-vision images. A new indicator was defined for determining the mean plant height of plug seedlings. Except for watermelon with tap, the errors of circumference and height of horticultural products were 0.0-3.0% and 0.0-4.7%, respectively. Also, the error of mean plant height for plug seedlings was 0.0-5.5%. The results revealed that 3D images can be utilized to estimate accurately the dimensions of horticultural products and the plant height of plug seedlings. Moreover, our method is potentially applicable for segmenting objects and for removing outliers from the point cloud data based on the 3D images of horticultural crops.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1179-1200
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• 2008

Knowledge about somatization (somatic manifestation of psychological distress symptoms) among immigrant populations is limited. While several studies have recognized somatization as a culturally distinctive expression of depression amongst older Korean immigrant population, somatization has not been incorporated into the comprehensive empirical model for depression of this population. In order to improve our general understanding of the phenomenon, the objective of this study is to empirically investigate principal contributing factors of somatization as well as inter-relationships among them. Data were collected from a cross-sectional community survey of 234 older Korean immigrants ($$age{\geq_-}55$$) in the New York metropolitan area. The statistical methodology employed a robust hierarchical regression procedure that iteratively downweights outliers. The results indicated that living arrangement, greater numbers of physical illnesses, and depression were significant explanatory factors of somatization. Furthermore, physical illness had a significant joint effect with perception of health on somatization, which confirms that positive perception of health exerts a moderating effect on the relationship between physical illness and somatization. The knowledge obtained from this study will contribute toward extending our knowledge on somatization and implementing more culturally sensitive mental health services for this population.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.34-46
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• 2020

In order to supply stable natural gas in the future, it is necessary to forecast the demand in advance and secure the quantity of supply. In this paper, we propose a method of estimating the demand function of industrial natural gas, which is the core of the increase of domestic natural gas demand in the future. The cross-sectional data of 304 domestic industries were used to estimate the demand function of the industrial natural gas, and the effect of industry specific characteristics such as capital investment, manufacturing cost. Finally, the least absolute deviation estimation method which is robust to outliers and does not assume the homogeneity of the error term and the normality, And the results were derived. In addition, the economic value of industrial city gas was estimated using the price elasticity of industrial city gas. Therefore, it can be seen that the continuous expansion and supply of city gas to the industrial sector is beneficial at the national level, and the government needs to promote expansion through the industrial city gas support policy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2022

In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and spread rapidly around the world, infecting millions of people. Cases of COVID-19 infection were observed to lead to viral pneumonia. Thirty-five patients admitted to the Gyeonggi Medical Center, South Korea, between November 2020 to January 2021, were found to have been infected with the influenza virus A and B, which cause symptoms similar to COVID-19. The records of these patients and those of COVID-19 patients who visited the hospital for medical examination were compared. The study patients included thirty patients with COVID-19 and/or influenza, five of those with influenza alone. A group of 121 patients without infection was used as control. Patients with COVID-19 and influenza had significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase levels than the patients with COVID-19 alone. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher in patients with COVID-19 alone than in other groups. Significant clinical outliers were observed in the COVID-19 and influenza infection group compared with the COVID-19 alone group. These results are expected to play an important role in the analysis of the hematological data of infected patients and the comparison of simultaneous and single infection data to determine clinical symptoms and other signs. These results may also assist in the development of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19.