• Title/Summary/Keyword: Outgrowth

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The Effect of Dammarane Glycosides of Panax ginseng on Primary Cultured Chicken Brain Cells (인삼 Dammarane Glycoside류 분획물이 일차배양한 계배의 뇌세포에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Mi-Jung;Song, Jin-Ho;Kim, Young-Choong
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 1989
  • Effects of dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells were studied by microscopic observation and determination of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Brain cells were prepared from the brain of 10-day-old chicken embryo and cultured with either a standard medium consisted of 85% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), 10% horse serum and 5% chicken embryonic extracts or a deficient medium consisted of 90% DMEM and 10% horse serum. It was observed that dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng seemed to show the tendency to stimulate the neurite outgrowth of brain cells which were cultured with a deficient medium under microscopic observation. The activity of PDHC in brain cells cultured with a deficient medium was increased by dammarane glycosides of Panax ginseng.

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Epigenetic biomarkers: a step forward for understanding periodontitis

  • Lindroth, Anders M.;Park, Yoon Jung
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 2013
  • Periodontitis is a common oral disease that is characterized by infection and inflammation of the tooth supporting tissues. While its incidence is highly associated with outgrowth of the pathogenic microbiome, some patients show signs of predisposition and quickly fall into recurrence after treatment. Recent research using genetic associations of candidates as well as genome-wide analysis highlights that variations in genes related to the inflammatory response are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Intriguingly, some of the genes are regulated by epigenetic modifications, supposedly established and reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. In addition, the treatment with epigenetic drugs improves treatment of periodontitis in a mouse model. In this review, we highlight some of the recent progress identifying genetic factors associated with periodontitis and point to promising approaches in epigenetic research that may contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms involving different responses in individuals and the early detection of predispositions that may guide in future oral treatment and disease prevention.

Modulation of Rit Activation by the Alpha Subunit of Go

  • Yang, Chul-Min;Ghil, Sung-Ho
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.327-333
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    • 2009
  • Heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins, G-proteins, mediate signal transduction generated by neurotransmitters and hormones. Among G-proteins, Go proteins are the most abundant in brain and classified as a member of Gi family. Ras-like protein in all tissues (Rit), one of the small GTPases, is a member of a Ras superfamily and identified as an important regulator of neuronal differentiation and cell transformation. Recently, we have reported that Rit functioned as a candidate downstream effector for alpha subunit of Go proteins ($Go{\alpha}$) and regulated neurite outgrowth triggered by $Go{\alpha}$ activation. In this study, we showed that the GTPase domain of $Go{\alpha}$ contributed to the direct interaction with Rit. We also demonstrated that $Go{\alpha}$ could lead to an increase of Rit activity suggesting that Rit play a role as a downstream effector of $Go{\alpha}$.

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Three Ecotypes of Compsopogon coeruleus (Rhodophyta) from Orissa State, East Coast of India

  • Ratha, Sachitra Kumar;Jena, Mrutyunjay;Rath, Jnanendra;Adhikary, Siba Prasad
    • ALGAE
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2007
  • Three ecotypes of the freshwater red alga Compsopogon coeruleus (Balbis) Montagne were recorded from different freshwater and brackish water habitats of Orissa state in the east coast of India. These three had persistent differences in their branching pattern, e.g. (i) acute angle between main axis and lateral branch, (ii) equal or near to right angle between main axis and lateral branch, and (iii) short spine-like outgrowth instead of a branch in older filaments, besides having differences in the length, breadth and thickness of cortex of the thallus. Morphological observation of these taxa, and the ecological characteristics of the habitat of their occurrence is presented.

Effect of Amino Acids on Callus Induction from Bentgrass (아미노산이 Bentgrass 캘러스 유도에 미치는 영향)

  • Ming Liang Chai
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.189-194
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    • 1998
  • The effect of proline, glutamine, aspartic acid and their combinations on callus induction and embriogenic callus formation from 3 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) cv. Regent, Mariner, Cato and 1 colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis) cv. Tiger was estimated in both light and dark condition. The addition of amino acids to the growth medium did not have a significant stimulatory effect on the induction of embryogenic callus, instead, they were inhibitory, particularly at higher concentration (40 mM). But supplement of amino acids at lower concentrations (5 or 10mM) to basal medium was beneficial in inhibiting the formation of hairy outgrowth on the surface of embryogenic callus.

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Effects of Gamishinchubogun-tang on Regeneration of PC12 Cells (가미신추보건탕(加味伸椎步建湯)이 PC12 세포의 재생에 미치는 영향)

  • Gu, Ji-Hyang;Lee, Chi-Ho;Lee, Eun-Jung
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of Gamishinchubogun-tang (JiaweiShenzhuibujian-tang; GSB) on regeneration of PC12 cells. Methods : PC12 cells have been used extensively as a model for studying the cellular and molecular effects of neuronal cells. In order to check the effect of GSB on the regeneration of PC12 cells, the morphological change of PC12 cells were observed comparatively in GSB group and control group. Results : The significant changes in neurite length of PC12 cells have been observed on GSB group. In proportion to the concentration of GSB it was observed an increase in neurite outgrowth. Conclusions : This study confirmed that GSB made a significant influence on regeneration of PC12 cells.

Redox-modulation of NMDA receptor activity by nitric oxide congeners

  • Kim, Won-Ki;Stuart A. Lipton
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1995.10a
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 1995
  • In neurons, nitric oxide(NO) is produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase following stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors and the subsequent influx of Ca$\^$2+/. NO, induced in this manner, reportedly plays critical roles in neuronal plasticity, including neurite outgrowth, synaptic transmission, and long-term potentiation(LTP) (1-7). However, excessive activation of NMDA receptors has also been shown to be associated with various neurological disorders, including focal ischemia, epilepsy, trauma, neuropathic pain and chronic neurodegenerative maladies, such as Parkinson's disease, Hungtington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(8). The paradox that nitric oxide(NO) has both neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects may be explained, at least in part, by the finding that NO effects on neurons are dependent on the redox state. This claim may be supported by the recent finding that tissue concentrations of cysteine approach 700 ${\mu}$M in settings of cerebral ischemia (9), levels of thiol that is expected to influence both the redox state of the system and the NO group itself(10).

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Microstructure and Property Relationship of Laser Ablated YBCO Thin Films from Modified Melt-Textured Grown Targets

  • Kim, C.H.;Hahn, T.S.;Hong, K.S.
    • Progress in Superconductivity
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 2000
  • [ $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ ] thin films were deposited by laser ablation using modified melt-textured grown targets. As the laser energy density was increased, the films showed an increasing c-axis orientation and an improvement of superconducting properties. However, at 4 $J/cm^2$, the degree of c-axis alignment and $J_c$ of the film were considerably reduced. These were attributed to the enhanced a-axis outgrowths. It was shown that the increased laser energy density resulted in the formation of $Y_2O_3$ inclusions during the c-axis film growth, and that these inclusions nucleated the a-axis outgrowths.

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Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors for treatment in tuberous sclerosis

  • Kim, Won-Seop
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.241-245
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    • 2011
  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic multisystem disorder that results from mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, and is associated with hamartomas in several organs, including subependymal giant cell tumors. The neurological manifestations of TSC are particularly challenging and include infantile spasms, intractable epilepsy, cognitive disabilities, and autism. The TSC1- and TSC2-encoded proteins modulate cell function via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade, and are key factors in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. The mTOR pathway provides an intersection for an intricate network of protein cascades that respond to cellular nutrition, energy levels, and growth factor stimulation. In the brain, TSC1 and TSC2 have been implicated in cell body size, dendritic arborization, axonal outgrowth and targeting, neuronal migration, cortical lamination, and spine formation. The mTOR pathway represents a logical candidate for drug targeting, because mTOR regulates multiple cellular functions that may contribute to epileptogenesis, including protein synthesis, cell growth and proliferation, and synaptic plasticity. Antagonism of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin and related compounds may provide new therapeutic options for TSC patients.

Studies on the Effect of Several Crude Drugs on Cultured Chicken Brain Cells (수종 생약이 일차배양한 계배의 뇌세포에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Mi-Jung;Song, Jin-Ho;Kim, Young-Choong
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.32-36
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    • 1989
  • Effects of Lycium chinensis, Epimedium koreanum and tuguaconitine which is isolated from Aconitum sibiricum on primary culture chicken embryonic brain cells were studied by microscopic observation and determined of the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHC). Brain cells were prepared from the brain of 10-day-old chicken embryo and cultured with a medicine consisted of 90% Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM) and 10% horse serum. It was observed that all substances studied seemed to show the tendency to stimulate the neurite outgrowth of brain cells which were cultured with a deficient medium under microscopic observation. The activity of PDHC in brain cells cultured with a deficient medium was increased by Lysium chinensis and Epimedium koreanum. However, tuguaconitine had not influence on the activity of PDHC.

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