• Title/Summary/Keyword: Outgrowth

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Tetrahydrobiopterin Inhibits PDGF-stimulated Migration and Proliferation in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells via the Nitric Oxide Synthase-independent Pathway

  • Jiang, Xiaowen;Kim, Bo-Kyung;Lin, Haiyue;Lee, Chang-Kwon;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Kang, Hyun;Lee, Pil-Young;Jung, Seung-Hyo;Lee, Hwan-Myung;Won, Kyung-Jong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.177-183
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    • 2010
  • Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, is known to play important roles in modulating both NO and superoxide production during vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, the role of BH4 in functions of vascular smooth muscle cells is not fully known. In this study, we tested the effects of BH4 and dihydrobiopterin (BH2), a BH4 precursor, on migration and proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Cell migration and proliferation were measured using a Boyden chamber and a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, respectively, and these results were confirmed with an ex vivo aortic sprout assay. Cell viability was examined by 2,3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assays. BH4 and BH2 decreased PDGF-BBinduced cell migration and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of cell migration and proliferation by BH4 and BH2 was not affected by pretreatment with $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a NOS inhibitor. Moreover, the sprout outgrowth formation of aortic rings induced by PDGF-BB was inhibited by BH4 and BH2. Cell viability was not inhibited by BH4 and BH2 treatment. The present results suggest that BH4 and BH2 may inhibit PDGF-stimulated RASMC migration and proliferation via the NOS-independent pathway. Therefore, BH4 and its derivative could be useful for the development of a candidate molecule with an NO-independent anti-atherosclerotic function.

Effect of Hydrosol Extracted from Chrysanthemum boreale Makino Flower on Proliferation and Migration in Human Skin Keratinocyte (산국화(Chrysanthemum boreale Makino) 유래 Hydrosol의 피부 각질형성세포 증식 및 이주 유도 활성에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Do Yoon;Hwang, Dae Il;Yoon, Mi-so;Choi, In Ho;Lee, Hwan Myung
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 2016
  • In the present study, we extracted the hydrosol from flower of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (CBMF hydrosol) by steam distillation and tested the effect of the CBMF hydrosol on skin regeneration using normal human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). CBMF hydrosol induced proliferation as well as migration in HaCaTs in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with $1{\mu}g/mL$ CBMF hydrosol increased proliferation to $143.71{\pm}3.37%$ and migration to $139.98{\pm}5.72%$ compared with a control group. CBMF hydrosol also significantly enhanced the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt) in HaCaTs. Moreover, CBMF hydrosol dose-dependently induced sprout outgrowth in HaCaTs. These results demonstrate that CBMF hydrosol has skin regeneration and wound healing activity in HaCaTs. Therefore, CBMF hydrosol could be used as a potential cosmetic material.

Anti-melanogenesis and Anti-wrinkle Properties of Korean Native Dendrobium speciosum Ethanol Extract (Dendrobium speciosum 에탄올 추출물의 melanin 생성 억제 효능 및 주름개선 효과)

  • Sim, Mi-Ok;Lee, Hyo-Eun;Jang, Ji-Hun;Jung, Ho-Kyung;Kim, Tae-Muk;Kim, Min-Suk;Jung, Won Seok
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2016
  • Melanin is produced by melanocytes of the melanoepidermic unit and other cell types. These cells secrete and distribute the melanin pigment, which provides protection from ultraviolet radiation. In this study, the inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and anti-wrinkling effects on human dermal fibroblasts of Dendrobium speciosum ethanol extract were investigated. The Dendrobium speciosum extract inhibited melanin biosynthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner in comparison with an untreated control group. Treatment with the Dendrobium speciosum extract suppressed α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and the dendrite outgrowth of melanocyte/melanoma cells. The α-MSH-induced mRNA expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was significantly attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by Dendrobium speciosum treatment. In addition, Dendrobium speciosum treatment increased production of type I procollagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. Dendrobium speciosum ethanol extract exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis, tyrosinase activity and increased procollagen synthesis. These results indicate that Dendrobium speciosum shows promise as an ingredient in cosmeceutical products due to its whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.

Neuroprotective and Memory Enhancing Effects of Pinelliae rhizoma Extract (반하가 CT105에 의한 신경세포 상해 및 백서의 기억에 미치는 영향)

  • Gang Sang-Yeol;Lee So-Yeon;Yoon Hyeon-Deok;Shin Oh-Chul;Park Chang-Gook;Park Chi-Sang
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.26 no.3 s.63
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    • pp.27-42
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques are associated with degenerating neuronal processes and consist primarily of fibrillary aggregates of beta-amyloid$ protein, generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Another amyloidogenic fragment, the carboxyl terminus (CT) of APP, which is composed of 99-105 amino acid residues containing the complete $A{\beta}$ sequence, also appears to be toxic to neurones. Recent evidence suggest that CT105, carboxy terminal 105 amino acids peptide fragment of APP, may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. Methods : Although a variety of oriental prescriptions including Pinelliae rhizoma have traditionally been utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated effects of the dichloromethane extract of Pinelliae rhizoma (PINR) on neurotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in SK-N-SH cells overexpressed with CT105. In addition, we evaluated its radical scavenging activity and effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, effects on cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine treatment in rats were evaluated. Results ; We found in this study that PINR significantly inhibited apoptotic neuronal death induced by CT105 overexpression in SK-N-SH cells. Based on morphological examinations by phase-contrast microscopy, PINR reversed apoptotic changes of CT105-expressed cells. It was also found that PINR significantly promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited formation of ROS nd NO. PINR was shown to scavenge DPPH radicals and noncompetitively inhibit AChE activity. Furthermore, it reduced scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rata, assessed by passive avoidance test. Conclusions : Taken together, these results demonstrate that PINR exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and memory enhancing effects, and therefore may bs beneficial for the treatment of AD.

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Controlled release of nerve growth factor from heparin-conjugated fibrin gel within the nerve growth factor-delivering implant

  • Lee, Jin-Yong;Kim, Soung-Min;Kim, Myung-Jin;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.3-10
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: Although nerve growth factor (NGF) could promote the functional regeneration of an injured peripheral nerve, it is very difficult for NGF to sustain the therapeutic dose in the defect due to its short half-life. In this study, we loaded the NGF-bound heparin-conjugated fibrin (HCF) gel in the NGF-delivering implants and analyzed the time-dependent release of NGF and its bioactivity to evaluate the clinical effectiveness. Materials and Methods: NGF solution was made of 1.0 mg of NGF and 1.0 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Experimental group A consisted of three implants, in which $0.25{\mu}L$ of NGF solution, $0.75{\mu}L$ of HCF, $1.0{\mu}L$ of fibrinogen and $2.0{\mu}L$ of thrombin was injected via apex hole with micropipette and gelated, were put into the centrifuge tube. Three implants of experimental group B were prepared with the mixture of $0.5{\mu}L$ of NGF solution, $0.5{\mu}L$ HCF, $1.0{\mu}L$ of fibrinogen and $2.0{\mu}L$ of thrombin. These six centrifuge tubes were filled with 1.0 mL of PBS and stirred in the water-filled beaker at 50 rpm. At 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days, 1.0 mL of solution in each tubes was collected and preserved at $-20^{\circ}C$ with adding same amount of fresh PBS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to determine in vitro release profile of NGF and its bioactivity was evaluated with neural differentiation of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Results: The average concentration of released NGF in the group A and B increased for the first 5 days and then gradually decreased. Almost all of NGF was released during 10 days. Released NGF from two groups could promote neural differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and these bioactivity was maintained over 14 days. Conclusion: Controlled release system using NGF-HCF gel via NGF-delivering implant could be an another vehicle of delivering NGF to promote the nerve regeneration of dental implant related nerve damage.

CHIME Ages of Precambrian Rocks from the Goseong-Ganseong Area, Northeastern Part of the Gyeonggi Massif, and Their Tectonic Implications (경기육괴 북동부 고성-간성 지역 선캠브리아 암석의 CHIME 연대와 그 지체구조적 의의)

  • Cho, Deung-Lyong;Suzuki, Kazuhiro;Chwae, Uee-Chan;Adachi, Mamoru
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.16 no.1 s.47
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2007
  • CHIME (chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron) geochronology were made for Precambrian rocks from Goseong-Ganseong area, northeastern part of the Gyeonggi massif. Zircon and/or monazite grains from orthogneisses give $1672{\pm}69\;to\;1414{\pm}36Ma$ ages, and monazite grains from paragneisses yield similar ages ranging from $1703{\pm}70\;to\;1395{\pm}97Ma$ suggesting that $1.7{\sim}1.4Ga$ igneous intrusions and coeval metamorphisms were occurred over the area. Together with reported prevailing $1.9{\sim}1.8Ga$ igneous activities and regional metamorphism from the Cyeonggi massif, our age data from Goseong-Ganseong area would be potentially correlated with long-lived $(1.8{\sim}1.3Ga)$ global tectonotermal events in marginal outgrowth of supercontinent Columbia which was finally assembled by collisional orogenies at ${\sim}1.8Ga$. Petrological and geochmical studies, however, should be followed to confirm this tectonic interpretation.

Effect of Hydrosalpingeal Fluid on the Implantation in-vitro in a Murine Model (생쥐 배아의 체외배양 시 착상과정에 대한 난관수종액의 영향)

  • Jun, Jin-Hyun;Koong, Mi-Kyoung;Lim, Chun-Kyu;Kim, Soo-Kyung;Kang, Inn-Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2000
  • 연구목적:인간의 체외수정 및 배아이식술에서 난관수종을 갖는 환자에서 임신율과 착상률이 감소된다는 보고들이 있지만 이에 대한 명확한 기작은 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 배아를 이용한 체외 착상모델에서 인간의 난관수종액(HSF)이 착상과정에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법 난관수종액은 난관수종으로 수술을 받은 8명의 환자로부터 채취하였으며, 실험에 사용하기 전까지 냉동고에 보관하였다. 생쥐의 포배기 배아는 2-세포기배아를 3일 동안 배양하여 그 중 상태가 양호한 포배기 배아만을 선별하여 투명대를 제거한 후 사용하였다. 기본 배양액으로는 Ham's F-10을 사용하였으며, 배양 시 기본 배양액만을 사용한 경우를 group Ⅰ으로 하였고, 기본 배양액에 0.5% FBS를 첨가한 경우를 group Ⅱ, 0.5% FBS와 50% HSF를 첨가한 경우를 group Ⅲ , 100% HSF에 0.5% FBS를 첨가한 경우를 group Ⅳ,100% HSF만을 사용한 경우를 group Ⅴ로 하였다. 투명대를 제거한 포배기 배아를 각각의 HSF에 대한 5종류의 배양액에서 48시간 동안 배양하였다. 체외 착상 유무는 부착 부위에서 크기가 커진 영양세포들을 관찰하여 판정하였으며, 착상 부위의 표면적은 화상분석기를 이용하여 산출하였다. 결 과: 생쥐 배아의 체외 착상률은 group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ에서 각각 0%, 98.9%, 77.5%, 40.4%, 10.0%로 나타났으며, 착상 부위의 평균 표면적은 group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ에서 각각 $74,675{\pm}25,201{\mu}m^2$, $59,024{\pm}25,877{\mu}m^2$, $45,156{\pm}22,654{\mu}m^2$, $38,254{\pm}17,115{\mu}m^2$이었다. 체외 착상률과 부위의 표면적은 HSF의 농도가 증가함에 따라 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.001). 결론:인간의 난관수종액(HSF)은 생쥐 배아의 체외 착상과 영양배엽세포의 증식을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이러한 원인이 난관수종을 갖는 환자에서 임신율이 낮은 것과 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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Long-Term Priming by Three Small Molecules Is a Promising Strategy for Enhancing Late Endothelial Progenitor Cell Bioactivities

  • Kim, Yeon-Ju;Ji, Seung Taek;Kim, Da Yeon;Jung, Seok Yun;Kang, Songhwa;Park, Ji Hye;Jang, Woong Bi;Yun, Jisoo;Ha, Jongseong;Lee, Dong Hyung;Kwon, Sang-Mo
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.582-590
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    • 2018
  • Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) play a pivotal role in vascular regeneration in ischemic tissues; however, their therapeutic application in clinical settings is limited due to the low quality and quantity of patient-derived circulating EPCs. To solve this problem, we evaluated whether three priming small molecules (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, fucoidan, and oleuropein) could enhance the angiogenic potential of EPCs. Such enhancement would promote the cellular bioactivities and help to develop functionally improved EPC therapeutics for ischemic diseases by accelerating the priming effect of the defined physiological molecules. We found that preconditioning of each of the three small molecules significantly induced the differentiation potential of $CD34^+$ stem cells into EPC lineage cells. Notably, long-term priming of OECs with the three chemical cocktail (OEC-3C) increased the proliferation potential of EPCs via ERK activation. The migration, invasion, and tube-forming capacities were also significantly enhanced in OEC-3Cs compared with unprimed OECs. Further, the cell survival ratio was dramatically increased in OEC-3Cs against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress via the augmented expression of Bcl-2, a pro-survival protein. In conclusion, we identified three small molecules for enhancing the bioactivities of ex vivo-expanded OECs for vascular repair. Long-term 3C priming might be a promising methodology for EPC-based therapy against ischemic diseases.

Effect of Essential Oil from Cuscuta japonica CHOISY on Proliferation and Migration in Human Skin Keratinocyte (새삼(Cuscuta japonica CHOISY) 유래 정유의 피부 각질형성세포 증식 및 이주에 미치는 효과)

  • Choi, In Ho;Kim, Do Yoon;Lee, Hwan Myung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2022
  • The migration and proliferation of keratinocytes are key events in re-epithelization, itself a major phase in the wound healing process. Cuscuta japonica Choisy (CJC) is used as a traditional medicine to improve liver, heart, and intestinal function, and its extracts are reported to have various biological properties such as whitening, anti-oxidancy, and an anti-acne effect. However, it is not yet known in particular whether or not CJC essential oil (CJCEO) affects skin regeneration. In the present study, we isolated CJCEO by solvent extraction and tested its effect on wound healing responses using normal human keratinocytes, namely HaCaT cells. We found that CJCEO induced proliferation as well as migration in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with a control group, CJCEO treatment at 250 ㎍/ml increased proliferation by 239.98±5.51% in HaCaT cells in a dose and migration by 124.86±6.06%. Moreover, the oil induced sprout outgrowth and, at 250 ㎍/ml, increased collagen synthesis by 148.56±15.47% in HaCaT cells. These results demonstrate that CJCEO may promote skin regeneration and wound healing by increasing the migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis of HaCaT cells. We therefore suggest that CJCEO could be used as a cosmetic material.

Hybrid Integration of P-Wave Velocity and Resistivity for High-Quality Investigation of In Situ Shear-Wave Velocities at Urban Areas (도심지 지반 전단파속도 탐사를 위한 P-파 속도와 전기비저항의 이종 결합)

  • Joh, Sung-Ho;Kim, Bong-Chan
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.1C
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2010
  • In urban area, design and construction of civil engineering structures such as subway tunnel, underground space and deep excavation is impeded by unreliable site investigation. Variety of embedded objects, electric noises and traffic vibrations degrades the quality of site investigation, whatever the site-investigation technique would be. In this research, a preliminary research was performed to develop a dedicated site investigation technique for urban geotechnical sites, which can overcome the limitations of urban sites. HiRAS (Hybrid Integration of Surface Waves and Resistivity) technique which is the first outcome of the preliminary research was proposed in this paper. The technique combines surface wave as well as electrical resistivity. CapSASW method for surface-wave technique and PDC-R technique for electrical resistivity survey were incorporated to develop HiRAS technique. CapSASW method is a good method for evaluating material stiffness and PDC-R technique is a reliable method for determination of underground stratification even in a site with electrical noise. For the inversion analysis of HiRAS techniuqe, a site-specific relationship between stress-wave velocity and resistivity was employed. As for outgrowth of this research, the 2-D distribution of Poisson's ratio could be also determined.