• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2012

The outer tie rod that is a part of steering system connects the steering gear to the steering knuckle via the inner tie rod. The formal study suggested the optimized structural design of an outer tie rod installed in a passenger car. Its weight is 284.7g, which is 57.2% lighter weight than initial steel model. This study validates the optimized design of the outer tie rod considering buckling and durability. The assembled unit of an inner tie rod and outer tie rod is utilized to perform the test of the bending strength of the outer tie rod. On the contrary, 1/2 car is utilized to perform the test of its durability performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.4171-4177
• /
• 2013

Outer tie rod is lighter than other, but there is the trend item weight and the number is increasing due to vehicle performance improvement. Thus, to improve vehicle fuel efficiency, weight lightening is essential. Therefore, this research performed the finite element analysis to investigate the structural performance of the outer tie rod for an electrical vehicle. This study was performed as the preliminary study for a lightweight design of the outer tie rod. The weight of outer tie rod was optimized by adopting the steel material and applying the trial and error method. The strengths due to durability and buckling should be considered in the structural design of an outer tie rod. Furthermore, the meta model-based optimization was applied to obtain its lightweight design, leading to 9 % weigh reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.1652-1657
• /
• 2015

Recently the improvement in vehicle performance trend to increase in accordance with the weight of this part. Outer tie rod is small when compared to the other vehicle part by weight, but there is a need to reduce the weight of the outer tie rod in order to improve fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Therefore, from previous studies, a model of outer die rod is proposed using Design of Experiments and Meta model satisfying the buckling performance. Outer tie rod are manufactured through forging process, in this study, we compare the size of the forming load in accordance with the change in the moving speed through the die forging analysis of the outer tie rod on the basis of the actual molding process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2009

Weight reduction of automobile parts has been sought to achieve fuel efficiency and energy conservation. In this study, a shape design procedure is suggested to obtained the lightweight design of an outer tie rod. The developed aluminium Al6082M is selected as a steel-substitute material. Strength assesment and durability are the important design criterion in the structural design of an outer tie rod. This study considers strength and durability in the optimization process. In this study, the kriging interpolation method and trial and error method are adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the strength and durability constraints.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.7754-7760
• /
• 2015

The outer tie rod is one of the part of steering system, the optimization process was executed to find the lightweight design. The inner tie rod was considered in the optimum design of an outer tie rod. it could be closer to the test condition than in the case of considering outer tie rod only. The aluminum forging material was considered as a weight reduction proposal. The target of optimization was the shape of the minimum weight to resist at the load of buckling. RSM and Kriging interpolation method were applied as a optimization method to consider the nonlinear shape optimization problem. Then, 16.3%, 16.6% of weight reduction was obtained from the result comparing with that of the initial model. The results of meta model optimization was compared with that of finite element method. The error values of buckling load estimation were 2.6%, 2.04%. and those of weight estimation were 0.17%, 0.13%. Therefore, it seemed that the result of Kriging model could be obtained closer to optimum value than that of RSM model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2015

It is known that the severest loading condition is the buckling case in the structural design of an outer tie rod. The optimum design of the OTR was suggested considering the buckling performance. The aluminum alloy was investigated as a steel substitute. Then, the structural optimization based on the response surface method and the kriging interpolation method were performed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.1630-1638
• /
• 2015

The finite element analysis has become an essential process to investigate the structural performance in many industry fields. In addition, the computer's performance is improving rapidly, but in large design problems, there is a limit to apply the optimal design techniques. For this, it is general to introduce a metamodel based optimization technique. The method to generate an approximate model can be classified into curve fitting and interpolation, and each representative one is response surface model and kriging interpolation method. This study proposes an ensemble model made of RSM and kriging to solve a structural design problem. The suggested method is applied to the designs of two bar and automobile outer tie rod.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 2024

This study conducts numerical modeling and eigen-analysis of a rod-fastened rotor, which is mainly used in aircraft gas turbine engines in which multiple disks are in contact through curvic coupling. Nayak's theory is adopted to calculate surface parameters measured from the tooth profile of the curvic coupling gear. Surface parameters are important design parameters for predicting the stiffness between contact surfaces. Based on the calculated surface parameters, elastoplastic contact analysis is performed according to the interference between two surfaces based on the Greenwood-Williamson model. The equivalent bending stiffness is predicted based on the shape and elastoplastic contact stiffness of the curvic coupling. An equation of motion of the rod-fastened rotor, including the bending stiffness of the curvic coupling, is developed. Methods for applying the bending stiffness of a curvic coupling to the equation of motion and for modeling the equation of motion of a rotor that includes both inner and outer rotors are introduced. Rotordynamic analysis is performed through one-dimensional finite element analysis, and each element is modeled based on Timoshenko beam theory. Changes in bending stiffness and the resultant critical speed change in accordance with the rod fastening force are predicted, and the corresponding mode shapes are analyzed.