• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.599-605
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• 2009

This paper presents a numerical evaluation of the flow rate of air conditioner outdoor unit by investigating the effects of fan location and shroud shape. To determine optimal design parameters, we investigated the exhaust flow rate by changing shroud height, fan height, fan guide height, and fan width. The 3rd order central composite design was performed to select three most important parameters affecting the exhaust flow rate. According to the result of response surface method, the exhaust flow rate of the optimum model increased by 6.25% compared to that of the base model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.139-142
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a GNSS-UWB hybrid positioning system for indoor and outdoor seamless positioning. Fusion of GNSS and inertial sensors has been widely used as a method for estimating positions in places where GNSS reception sensitivity is low, and UWB technology, which started as a short-range wireless communication technology, is widely used indoors where GNSS is completely blocked. This paper proposes a method of mutual correction and fusion of the location information collected through GNSS and the location information collected from the UWB indoor positioning system when indoor and outdoor work occurs continuously and repeatedly, such as in an industrial site.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2009

Outdoor iron artefacts are easily corroded by salts, especially $Cl^-$ion, from environmental pollutants and acid rain because of their location, so that they need conservational treatments such as stabilization. However the conservation of outdoor iron artefacts are limited to be consolidated for the present and there are a few the studies for the desalinization. The general desalinization method is that objects are immersed in reagent such as alkaline corrosion inhibiting solutions targeting on buried iron artefacts, thus they are not available for outdoor iron artefacts. In this study, concerning those difficulties, the different desalting method is experimented that materials soaked in alkaline solutions attach to objects and they are packed by waterproof to avoid evaporation. This paper experiment burial iron artefacts at first in order to fine out an adaptable method for outdoor iron artefacts. The soaking materials are Korean traditional paper, gauze, cotton wipers, spill pads and the desalting regent is NaOH 0.1M. Additionally the exiting desalinization method which is to immerse objects in solution is performed to compare. The analyses are microscopes, SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction, pH meter and Ion chromatography. The result is that spill pads show the best desalting effect out of other materials similar to immersing desalting method.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate analytical method for the measurement of carbonyl compounds and to apply method to the measurement of indoor and outdoor concentrations of these compounds at public facilities. For sampling, 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) coated DNPH-Silica cartridges were uwed in this study. DNPH reacts with carbonyl compounds and forms carbonyl hydrazone, The carbonyl hydarzone was eluted from the cartridge with acetonitrile and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection. Possible interference caused by ozone during sampling was eliminated by using KI trap commected in series with the DNPH-Silica cartridge. A number of experimental studies were undertaken to evaluate and validate the analytical method, including collection efficiency, recovery, repeatability, lower limits of detection, and effect of ozone. Indoor and outdoor measurements of carbonyl compounds were simultaneously carried out at 14 public facilities located in Taegu city and Kyungsan city from June to July, 1995. Except for one or two sites, the indoor concentrations were found to be higher than the outdoor concentrations for carbonyl compounds. And the concentrations of carbonyl compounds measured in the morning and afternoon were showed higher than the concentrations measured in the evening.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

It is difficult to check the exact building energy consumption reduction such as when green remodeling of buildings, because it is due to outdoor air temperature over the years. And in Korea although Big Data of building energy consumption is collected and managed through "The Information System of the Building Energy and Greenhouse Gases" it is underutilized because of non calibration of outdoor air temperature change. Therefore, this study aims to develope calibration method of building energy consumption by outdoor air temperature according to micro climates, and building use types. As a result of analysis, Regression equations of Building energy consumption and $HDD_m/CDD_m$ are derived and calibration method is developed by Regression coefficient.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.311-317
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• 2008

As outdoor environment become worse due to concentration of population in large cities, the importance of environmental control strategies such as the arrangement of green space or water space and ventilation paths, has been increasingly recognized. However, most of the studies focus on the assessment on outdoor thermal environment, few studies focus on the interrelationship between thermal environment in residential block and human thermal comfort. The aims of this study is to develop the outdoor planning method to reduce the heating/cooling load in an apartment unit or entire block by the sustainable approaches in outdoor environmental design. In this paper, on the basis of the prior studies, the effect of the outdoor thermal environment on human thermal comfort will be analysed.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.594-600
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• 2012

Accurate localization is very important to stable navigation of a mobile robot. This paper deals with local localization of a mobile robot especially for outdoor environments. The GPS information is the easiest way to obtain the outdoor position information. However, the GPS accuracy can be severely affected by environmental conditions. To deal with this problem, the GPS and wheel odometry can be combined using an EKF (Extended Kalman Filter). However, this is not enough for safe navigation of a mobile robot in outdoor environments. This paper proposes a novel method using lane features from the road image. The pose data of a mobile robot can be corrected by analyzing the detected lane features. This can improve the accuracy of the localization process substantially.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

This study has been given careful consideration to an induction of the mixed-use districts for the efficiency of Land Use, the rational plot planning and the mixture/complex among the functions in order to complement the zoning plan with the primary purpose to purify the usage of landscape. Furthermore, it is aimed to indicate the implementations through the medium of the in-depth analysis about the cardinal factors such as the standards on the regional location, building size and building uses in the case of designating the Mixed-use districts.Abstract This study has been examined by the aspect of scope for securing the adequacy of Site Division Restriction, Floor Area Ratio, Building Coverage Ratio and Outdoor Area Ratio in the "Mixed-Use Districts" and especially, by the medium of the in-depth analysis about the actual condition of building and outdoor space scales. It has been deduced the scale standards by using the simulation and correlation analysis among the factors of those buildings and outdoor spaces. Moreover, it has been applied the analysis method of using the building scale, especially, the latter has analyzed the total 1,656 different types classified by 3 patterns of Plottage and Building Coverage Ratio, 9 patterns of the factor change on Outdoor Area Ratio and 8 different patterns of road width.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.954-962
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• 2002

In a park or street, we can see many people jogging or walking with their dogs tracking their masters. In this study, an entertainment robot that imitates a dog's behavior is created. The robot's task is tracking a moving target that is recognized as the master. In order to design the robot, the ecological approach. in which the robot's goals and surroundings heavily influence its design, is used. A three-wheel type locomotion system is designed as the robot's physical structure which can follow a human jogging in outdoor space like a park. A sensor system which can detect the position of a master for the robot in the outdoor space, is developed. This sensor system consists of a signal transmitter which is at the hand of a master and some sensors which are mounted on the robot. The transmitter emits RF(radio frequency) and ultrasonic signals and the sensors detect the direction and distance from the robot to the transmitter by using the received signals. For the control architecture of the robot, a purely reactive behavior-based method is used in order to increase speed of response. The developed robot is evaluated through experiments conducted in indoor and outdoor environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1995

This research is a preliminary study to improve the criteria of youth facilities which regulated in Youth Fundamental Act, with the method of Importance-Performance Analysis on youth facilities management. Evaluation inquiry had been made, and were collected from the youth facility managers who attended The Korean Youth Facility Managers' Seminar held on 24th Nov. 1994 at Pakdaljae Youth Center. The results are as follows; 1. Keep Up the Good Work : indoor facilities in community area, and outdoor facilities and accommodations in natural area are resulted in high in Importance and. Performance. They need to be operated constantly. 2. Concentrate Here : Counselling room, hobby room and outdoor meeting places in community area, and care room in natural area are perceived high in Importance but low in Performance. They need to provide proper leaders and equipment. 3. Low Priority : Care room, forest and outdoor facilities in community area, arid forest and folk playground in natural area are low in both Importance and Performance. So, it is considered that they are not necessary ones in both areas, but some outdoor facilities are so essential in natural area that they need to be provided properly. 4 Possible Overkill : Courtyard and library in community area, and outdoor facilities in natural area are low in Importance but high in Performance. They need to improve their importance through the development of applicable activity programs.