• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop an aging friendly guideline aging friendly outdoor exercise environment in Universal design aspect. The aim for this guideline is to suggest a creative method to cope with forthcoming aging society and meet the various demands of all park users. Documentary survey and field survey were used to extract notion of universal design and aging friendly design; based from the extracted notions three types of exercise environment were suggested, Small scale, Medium scale and Large scale. The significant of this guideline is as fallow: First, negative aspects of aging friendly design can be eliminated by adopting universal design; therefore the guideline can have social integration aspect. Second, reflected needs of residents can be suggested on the guideline; and it was extracted from documentary survey, PPP UD checklist and field survey. Third, classifying universal design and aging friendly design in one guideline can enhance ability to manage various composition of population. Fourth, by studying young child and old people's likeness and parallel resemblance, design guideline for forthcoming aging society can be suggested. Fifth, from three developed exercise environments, the guideline can be applied into different conditions of location. Sixth, canopy type design model can be very useful for old people.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.674-684
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• 2011

More and more elderly and disabled people are using electric scooters instead of electric wheelchairs because of higher mobility. However, people with high levels of impairment or the elderly still have difficulties in driving the electric scooters safely. Semi-autonomous electric scooter system is one of the solutions for the safety: Either manual driving or autonomous driving can be used selectively. In this paper, we implement a semi-autonomous electric scooter system with functions of localization and path following. In order to recognize the pose of electric scooter in outdoor environments, we design an outdoor localization system based on the extended Kalman filter using DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) and wheel encoders. We added an accelerometer to make the localization system adaptable to road condition. Also we propose a path following algorithm using two arcs with current pose of the electric scooter and a given path in the map. Simulation results are described to show that the proposed algorithms provide the ability to drive an electric scooter semi-autonomously. Finally, we conduct outdoor experiments to reveal the practicality of the proposed system.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.209-214
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• 2013

In the industry, accelerated corrosion test is used for the life time prediction. When anti-corrosion test proceeds in real environments, it is difficult that we predict and evaluate the corrosion life time because of the long test time such as 10 years or more time. Accelerated corrosion test and Salt spray test are able to test corrosion life time of products in the laboratory instead of outdoor corrosion test. Experimental procedure is selected for the corrosion standard specimen, exposure of the specimens, measurements of the mass loss and evaluating the mass loss data. As a result, the acceleration factor of the accelerated corrosion test to the outdoor corrosion test is 414.8. Therefore we can predict the corrosion life time of carbon steel during a short time period.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.386-392
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to clarify playground types by characteristics of playground environment in child care facilities, to analyze the needs and estimation of users according to playground types. The subjects of this study were care-givers, who assist outdoor play activities of children and manage safety in playground, to estimate adequateness of playground's environment to children's outdoor plays and to report needs. The data were collected by field measurement survey for clarification playground environments in 21 child care facilities and structured-questionnaire for estimation and needs of 181 care-givers in them. The major results showed the following. 1) The playgrounds were clarified to five type according to number of child and size of playground. The five types include A-type as large-scale facility/small-size playground, B-type as small-scale facility/large-size playground, C-type as small-scale facility/small-size playground, D-type as middle-scale facility/large-size playground, and E-type as large-scale facility/large-size playground. 2) The adequateness of playground environment of D-type were estimate higher than others. C-type were estimated lower than other types in size and outdoor play areas organization of playground. 3) The care-givers in D-type and E-type wanted to install various play equipments, but the care-giver in C-type didn't wanted to install play equipment. 4) The various outdoor play areas were needed in D-type.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.326-336
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• 2020

Galvalume steel (GL) is widely used in marine and industrial environments. It is characterized by better corrosion resistance than carbon steel. However, corrosion and economic losses may occur as the usage time is increased. Therefore, in this study, an outdoor exposure test of GL for 36 months was conducted across six regions of Korea. Parameters such as corrosion rate, chrominance (color, chroma, and brightness), glossiness, and surface appearance were analyzed. The results showed no significant change in appearance, and the initial corrosion rate was large, but a tendency to decrease with time was observed. Increased outdoor exposure time led to increase in the level of corrosion products. In the case of coastal areas where S, Cl, and other elements were detected, a relatively high decrease in Zn content was observed. Al forms a protective oxide film and exists in the coating layer, but Zn dissolves due to its chemical activity and low potential.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a solution that enables continuous indoor/outdoor positioning of smartphone users through the integration of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) and GPS/WiFi signals. Considering that accurate step detection affects the accuracy of PDR, we propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based technology to distinguish between walking and non-walking signals such as walking in place. Furthermore, in order to integrate PDR with GPS and WiFi signals, a technique is used to select a proper measurement by distinguishing between indoor/outdoor environments based on GPS Dilution of Precision (DOP) information. In addition, we propose a technology to adaptively change the measurement error covariance matrix by detecting measurement outliers that mainly occur in the indoor/outdoor transition section through a residual-based χ² test. It is verified through experiments on a testbed that these technologies significantly improve the performance of PDR and PDR/GPS/WiFi fingerprinting-based integrated pedestrian navigation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society. This study aims to examine the existing conditions of outdoor living environments to assist a healthy lifestyle for senior citizens and to determine the most influential factor in a senior-friendly outdoor space as well as to suggest improvements in existing conditions focused on the prospective senior population. This study relied on two methods: a descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings and an empirical study that included a survey of present conditions and interviews with the prospective seniors and senior citizens in Daejeon. Conditions of outdoor living environments for seniors were found to be more than adequate in general. But some factors evaluated as low must be carefully tailored for seniors. First, the study showed that seniors evaluated as highest the 'use of a walkway' for a stroll and stayed outside for 1~2 hours at a time. Many vehicles parked in walkways were the most inconvenient factors in going for a walk. Second, the study showed that the evaluation of outdoor space was about average and 'sociality' was evaluated as the lowest. Third, the study showed that men evaluated lower than women 4 items: 'use and convenience of a wheelchair', 'night lighting', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'trees'. Respondents above the age of 66 are more uncomfortable with items such as 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'direction of apartment complex' while respondents above the age of 80 are more uncomfortable with items of 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail' and 'discrimination of signage at nighttime'. Fourth, the evaluation by existing housing patterns was statistically significant in 20 of 22 evaluated items. This means that residents in apartment complex evaluated as high these items in general. In this study, existing outdoor living environments for the elderly did not display any immediately serious issues in the overall evaluation items. Assuming, however, that the aging population will quickly increase in the next ten years, items which are evaluated as low in descriptive statistics and items which give inconvenience to the elderly above the age of 80 in particular will need to be the first areas to be improved.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2014

Recently, a few studies on context information have been focused to collect phenomena data like a temperature and a humidity in indoor environments. The importance of the former is increasingly recognized with changing environments and increase of heat stress in building. In this paper we present an indoor comfort index framework based on GIS for supporting context information instead of phenomena data in environments. We also present method for supporting comfort index and context information based on GIS in outdoor environments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2011

Objectives: Respiratory virus infections are the most common disease among all ages in all parts of the world and occur through airborne transmission. The purpose of this study was to detect and quantitate human respiratory viruses in residential environments. Methods: Air samples were collected from the residential space of apartments in the Seoul/Gyeonggi-do area. The samples were collected from indoor and outdoor air. Among respiratory viruses, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Among the virus-positive samples, we performed adenovirus quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Virus detection rates were 44.0%, 3.8%, 3.4%, and 17.3% in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The virus detection rate was higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Adenovirus was most commonly detected, followed by influenza A virus and parainfluenza virus. Virus distribution was not significantly different between indoor and outdoor environments. Conclusions: Although virus concentrations were not high in residential environments, residents in houses with detected viruses may have an increased risk of exposure to airborne respiratory viruses, especially in winter and spring.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess indoor air quality within and around buildings and evaluate the health risks associated with exposure to indoor air pollution. The study compares IAQ standards established by the World Health Organization with those set by South Korea's Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Education. Methods: The study utilized an Anderson Sampler and DustTrak^TM II to collect samples of total airborne bacteria and PM in indoor and outdoor environments. Collected samples were analyzed using biological and biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS to examine the correlation between airborne bacteria and PM. Results: The study revealed that the concentration of total airborne bacteria in indoor air generally remained below the Ministry of Environment's standard of 800 CFU/m³, although it surpassed this threshold in certain instances. PM concentrations did not exceed the standards. Indoor fine dust concentration was higher when there were people (P<0.05). There was no difference in total floating bacterial concentrations between indoor and outdoor environments (P=0.184). Finally, there was a correlation between fine dust and airborne bacteria concentrations. Conclusion: The study evaluated the concentrations of total airborne bacteria and PM in indoor air, emphasizing the importance of managing IAQ. Further research in various environments is essential to ensure a healthy indoor environment. The findings underscore the need for ongoing research and management to enhance IAQ and create safer and healthier living environments.