• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 2009

Objective : In order to establish the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) in large intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), we analyzed clinical characteristics, radiological features, and radiosurgical outcomes. Methods : Between March 1992 and March 2005, 28 of 33 patients with large AVMs (> $10\;cm^3$ in nidus-volume) who were treated with GKS underwent single session radiosurgery (RS), and the other 5 patients underwent staged volumetric RS. Retrospectively collected data were available in 23 cases. We analyzed treatment outcomes in each subdivided groups and according to the AVM sizes. We compared the estimated volume, defined as primarily estimated nidus volume using MR images, with real target volume after excluding draining veins and feeding arteries embedded into the nidus. Results : Regarding those patients who underwent single session RS, 44.4% (8/18) had complete obliteration; regarding staged volumetric RS, the obliteration rate was 40% (2/5). The complete obliteration rate was 60% (6/10) in the smaller nidus group ($10-15\;cm^3$ size), and 25% (2/8) in the larger nidus group (over $15\;cm^3$ size). One case of cerebral edema and two cases (8.7%) of hemorrhage were seen during the latent period. The mean real target volume for 18 single sessions of RS was $17.1\;cm^3$ ($10.1-38.4\;cm^3$), in contrast with the mean estimated volume of $20.9\;cm^3$ ($12.0-45.0\;cm^3$). Conclusion : The radiosurgical treatment outcomes of large AVMs are generally poor. However, we presume that the recent development in planning software and imaging devices aid more accurate measurement of the nidus volume, therefore improving the treatment outcome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2022

Objective : Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment for chronic neuropathic pain. However, its clinical efficacy in regard to specific types of pain has not been well studied. The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical outcomes of paddle-type SCS according to the type of neuropathic pain. Methods : Seventeen patients who underwent paddle-lead SCS at our hospital were examined. Clinical outcomes were evaluated pre- and postoperatively (3 months, 1 year, and last follow-up) using the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI). The NPSI categorizes pain as superficial, deep, paroxysmal, evoked, or dysesthesia and assess the duration of the pain (pain time score). Changes in NPSI scores were compared with change in Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Results : After SCS, the pain time score improved by 45% (independent t-test, p=0.0002) and the deep pain score improved by 58% (independent t-test, p=0.001). Improvements in the pain time score significantly correlated with improvements in the VAS score (r=0.667, p=0.003, Spearman correlation). Additionally, the morphine milligram equivalent value was markedly lower after vs. before surgery (~49 mg, pared t-test, p=0.002). No preoperative value was associated with clinical outcome. Conclusion : The NPSI is a useful tool for evaluating the therapeutic effects of SCS. Chronic use of a paddle-type spinal cord stimulation improved the deep pain and the pain time scores.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.625-641
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• 2015

Recent research shows that emotion is closely related to memory and learning. Although a growing number of educators have high interest in affective aspects of learning processes and outcomes, there are few studies to investigate systematically instructional strategies and learning environments based on learners' emotion. Despite the efforts to understand the role of emotion and to facilitate positive emotion for meaningful learning in face-to-face and online environments, it is still a challenging issue to measure emotion in a valid and reliable way. To implement emotion-based education, it is essential to overcome the limitation of self-report surveys on emotion, which rely on the memory of learners. The current study surveyed emotion measurement tools, which are recently developed in education and other domains, in terms of self-report, neurophysiology, and behavioral responses. This study also discussed how emotion measurement tools can be used in authentic learning and teaching situations. Particularly, this study focused on cutting-edge technologies that would enable educators to collect and analyze learners' emotion easily in real-world contexts. This study will contribute to the research about the role of emotion in education and the design of adaptive learning environments that consider the change of learners' emotion.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.93-114
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• 2002

This paper suggests a dynamic balanced scorecard (DBSC) model employing the concept of system dynamics (SD), which could overcome the limitations inherent in the conventional balanced scorecard (BSC) and facilitate strategic learning process in organizations. The BSC has been a successful framework for measuring an organization＇s performance in various Perspectives through translating an organization＇s vision and strategy into an interrelated set of key performance indicators and specific actions. The BSC, while having significant strengths over traditional performance measurement methods, however, has its own limitations, due to its static nature, such as overlooking two-way causation between performance Indicators and neglecting the impact of delayed feedback flowing from the adoption of new strategies or policy changes. To overcome these limitations, we employs SD, a methodology for understanding complex systems where dynamic feedback among the interrelated system components significantly impact on the system outcomes. The SD simulation model in the form of DBSC we suggest in this paper would serve as a useful strategic learning tool for facilitating an organization＇s communication process through various scenario analyses as well as predicting the dynamic behavior pattern of their key performance measures over a future time frame. For the demonstration purpose, we apply the DBSC model to Korea Coal Corporation (KoCoal ) BSC case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

There are two types of expensive measuring instruments currently on the market shape measurement and roundness measurement instruments. As they are very expensive, from tens of millions to more than 200 million won, buying them is economically burdensome for small companies or individuals. Therefore, in order to integrate the shape and roundness measurements into a single transfer device, this study aimed to reduce the trial and error by 3D modeling and simulation, and we confirmed the feasibility of operation. Based on these outcomes, a prototype hybrid measuring instrument was fabricated. As a result of performance evaluation and comparative evaluation, we verified the feasibility of implementation and application of the hybrid measuring instrument.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.139-158
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• 2013

This study investigated elementary students' (grade 4~6) learning progressions for water cycling drawn from iterative assessments using ordered multiple-choice (OMC) items. An assessment system, which consisted of construct map, item design, outcome space, and measurement model, was employed in this study to examine children's learning progressions. At the first stage of the assessment system, a construct map was designed on which children's conceptual understandings from naive to most sophisticated were represented. At the item design stage, 8 OMC items were drawn from the construct map. Each item option of the OMC items was scored from 0 to 3 according to its level of understanding at the stage of outcome space. As a measurement model, Rasch model, a branch of item response theory, was applied to interpreting the outcomes of the OMC items. This cycle of assessment system was furtherly implemented iteratively in order to elaborate on the first version of water cycling learning progression. In conclusion, children's understanding of water cycling could be described in two aspects: water distribution and water movement. We identified children's conjectural developmental pathways about water cycling existed from superficial and naive accounts to more complex and abstract accounts.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.939-947
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• 2020

The aim of this research was to empirical examine the influence of brand trust, perceived value on brand preference, and purchase intention for branded phones. The samples were gathered by a convenient sampling method. We collected data from 285 consumers who were visiting electronic supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The measurement used a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1=completely disagree, and 5=completely agree. PLS - Partial Least Squares method was performed to analyze the measurement model and the structural model. The study model was proposed from prior research. We had assessed the reliability of the scales through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. As well, we also had evaluated discriminant validity through the Fornell-Larcker criterion. The findings of the study demonstrated that brand trust had a significantly positive influence on brand preference. Likewise, the findings of the research also stated that brand trust had a positive impact on purchase intention. The results revealed that perceived value had a positive effect on brand preference. Furthermore, the outcomes show that perceived value had a positive influence on purchase intention as well. Furthermore, the findings of the research showed that brand preference had a positive effect on purchase intention.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.157-175
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• 2009

This paper offers a critical review of a newspaper argument regarding the problems of high school education assessment for university entrance examination system in the United Kingdom. The media account raises three sets of questioning to hold that the nation's long-standing A-levels have failed and is no longer viable as a high-stakes test. However, it is found that the writer's argumentations involving misleading conceptions can be deconstructed because of invalid reasoning and unreliable evidence. So, it is proposed that a reasonable solution to replace the discredited A-level exams should be to adopt an eclectic approach for assessing candidates' multiple capabilities; performance, potentiality and critical thinking skills. These criteria for component-oriented assessments are designed to measure their high school academic achievements and intellectual capacity for tertiary education; in the process of such measurement, critical-logical reasoning abilities for sound judgment and problem-solving tasks should be incorporated with the basic precondition that each university possesses its own discretion for the determination of adequate proportions to reflect each of the assessment outcomes. It is, therefore, expected that this critical review will inspire the readers to understand aspects of assessment as an educational field and to confirm how seriously they may be misguided by a distorted media argumentation without substantive background knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 1994

This article considers the trend of Korea physical therapy reaearch. Because physical therapy research is important for the continued growth of the physical therapy profesion. Such research results in improved patient care and heightens the professional standing of the physical therapy field. The purpose of this article is to discuss a current research trend and to suggest a direction for developing a physical therapy research. We discussed a research design, purposes, and methods. Measurement are fundamental to the practice of physical therapy. The physical therapy evaluation is the foundation for the measurement of the outcome of our therapertic intervention. And we must measure thess outcomes. Achieving a high quality of physical therapy practice requires us to evaluate the client, selecting and adminstering a variety of tests and measurent. For the future study, physical therapist has a good treatment model and research program for evaluating and assessment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.319-331
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of and trends in studies of job satisfaction among Korean nurses as selected from master theses whose research had covered studies from the period $1972{\sim}1997$. These studies were analyzed for publication date, research design, theoretical framework, research questions, and research hypotheses, subjects, sampling methods, measurement tools, statistical analyses, job satisfaction-related variables, and suggestions for further research. The findings of the analysis were as follows: 1) The number of studies on the subjects of job satisfaction has increased enormously since the 1980s. 2) In research design, 73.8% of the studies involved correlation research. 3) Conceptual frameworks, research questions, and hypotheses were not involved in 88.8%, 76.3%, and 68.% of the studies respectively. 4) With respect to subjects, 53.7% involved head nurses, charge nurses, and staff nurses. 5) As sampling methodology, questionnaires were employed in all the studies. 6) Measurement instruments developed by Slavitts et al.(1978) and Stamps et al.(1978) were used in 27 studies and 24 studies, respectively. 7) For the statistical analysis, ANOVA(30.7%), t-test(23.7%), and correlation(23.7%) were used. 8) The number of job satisfaction-related variables were eight items and 36 sub-concepts. 37.5%(30 studies) employed applied variables related to organizational characteristics. 9) 93.7% of the studies made suggestions for further research. On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations were made: 1) Qualitative research should be performed to identify variables related to job satisfaction. 2) Research on developing interventions is needed to elevate job satisfaction. 3) Development of measurement tools is needed to evaluate the job satisfaction of Korean nurses. 4) Correlation studies are needed to identify the relationship between job satisfaction of nurses and outcomes to patients.