• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.303-309
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to inquire into the structural relations between teacher-student interactions, outcome expectancy, academic engagement which are perceived in a physical education class. To this end, this study selected a total of 442 copies of questionnaires as final valid samples using the convenience sampling method targeting middle school students at 4 schools in metropolitan area. For data processing, this study confirmed the goodness of fit test of the whole model using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0, and then did hypothesis testing; the study results are as follows: First, proximity, one of subfactor of teacher-student interactions, had significant effects on outcome expectancy and academic engagement whereas influence had no significant effects on it. Second, students' outcome expectancy had significant impacts on their academic engagement. Third, outcome expectancy had mediating effects on relations between teacher-student interactions (proximity) and academic engagement.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Background: Patient reported outcome measures assess clinical progress from the patient's perspective. This study explored the relationship between shoulder outcome measures (The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standard Shoulder Assessment score [ASES], and Constant score) by comparing the best possible scores obtained in an asymptomatic population compared to overall perception of health, as measured by the SF-36 outcome measure. Methods: Volunteers (age range, 20-69 years) with asymptomatic shoulders and no history of shoulder pain, injury, surgery, imaging, or pathology (bilaterally) were included. The DASH and ASES measures were completed by 111 volunteers (72 female, 39 male), of which 92 completed the Constant score (56 female, 36 male). The SF-36 was completed by all volunteers (level of evidence: IV case series). Results: The mean (${\bar{x}}$) score for ASES measure on the right shoulder was higher for the left-hand dominant side (${\bar{x}}=100.00$ vs. 95.02, p-value<0.001); no other significant differences. Better SF-36 scores were associated with better DASH scores. Our prediction models suggest that perception of overall health affects the DASH scores. Sex affected all three shoulder measures scores. Conclusions: Comparing scores of shoulder outcome measures to the highest possible score is not the most informative way to interpret patient progress. Variables such as health status, sex, and hand dominance need to be considered. Furthermore, it is possible to use these variables to predict scores of outcome measures, which facilitates the healthcare provider to deliver individualized care to their patients.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate intervention studies on Sasang Constitutional diet (SCD) through the checks of Participant, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) Methods Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non-randomized study for intervention (NRSI) about SCD were searched in 4 Korean core databases and other sources, and then PICO was checked. Results 1. Total 10 studies were conducted with 1 RCT and 9 NRSIs. 2. Participants were people with no specific disease, or patients with essential hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or stroke with diabetes or hyperlipidemia. Most studies were conducted on groups of various Sasang Constitutional types except Taeyangin. 3. Two studies provided participants with meals and exercise. Three studies, instead of providing meals directly, taught participants how to eat SCD on their own. 4. NRSIs have tested the effectiveness of various outcome measures without the presentation of primary outcome, and then concluded that all outcomes were ineffective or some are effective. 5. There was no mention of adverse events. In most studies, a single doctor of Korean medicine diagnosed Sasang Constitution the QSCC II questionnaire. The intervention period ranged from three weeks to three months, and recent studies have conducted interventions for 12 weeks. Conclusions Intervention studies about SCD which were conducted so far have shown problems on the study design of PICO items. The study design and implementation that carefully consider how to maintain similarity between groups, minimize the risk of bias, set primary outcome measure, and control the diet are required.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2021

Objective : Decompressive craniectomy (DC) can partially remove the unyielding skull vault and make affordable space for the expansion of swelling brain contents. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcome according to DC surface area (DC area) and side. Methods : A total of 324 patients underwent different surgical methods (unilateral DC, 212 cases and bilateral DC, 112 cases) were included in this retrospective analysis. Their mean age was 53.4±16.6 years (median, 54 years). Neurological outcome (Glasgow outcome scale), ventricular intracranial pressure (ICP), and midline shift change (preoperative minus postoperative) were compared according to surgical methods and total DC area, DC surface removal rate (DC%) and side. Results : DC surgery was effective for ICP decrease (32.3±16.7 mmHg vs. 19.2±13.4 mmHg, p<0.001) and midline shift change (12.5±7.6 mm vs. 7.8±6.9 mm, p<0.001). The bilateral DC group showed larger total DC area (125.1±27.8 ㎠ for unilateral vs. 198.2±43.0 ㎠ for bilateral, p<0.001). Clinical outcomes were nonsignificant according to surgical side (favorable outcome, p=0.173 and mortality, p=0.470), significantly better when total DC area was over 160 ㎠ and DC% was 46% (p=0.020 and p=0.037, respectively). Conclusion : DC surgery is effective in decrease the elevated ICP, decrease the midline shift and improve the clinical outcome in massive brain swelling patient. Total DC area and removal rate was larger in bilateral DC than unilateral DC but clinical outcome was not influenced by DC side. DC area more than 160 ㎠ and DC surface removal rate more than 46% were more important than DC side.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2022

Objective: There is a growing movement to introduce Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) to clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the routine use of PRO in tertiary hospital clinical settings. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, the usage status of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) submitted to the electronic medical record of a tertiary hospital clinical setting was investigated. Descriptive analysis was conducted to investigate the usage status of PROMs by 42 departments. Also, the most frequently used PROMs by departments, the purpose of measurement, the use rate of verified PROMs were investigated. Results: The PROMs accounted for 66% (98) of the 148 Instruments. Of the 98 PROMs, 64% (63) were using a validation Korean version of PROMs. Only about 1% of total outpatient visits applied PROMs, and among them, it was frequently used in urology (13%), orthopedics (8%), and otolaryngology (5%). The use rate of the validated PROMs was found to be 64%. Conclusions: The use of PROMs in domestic clinical settings was found to be very limited and frequently used only in specific departments. It is essential to use a PROMs that has been validated according to guidelines, as the use of validated PROMs will provide beneficial information to health professionals and also for the patient health improvement by objectively measuring the patient's health status.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2023

Purpose: Sports offer several health benefits but are not free of injury risk. Activity dynamics vary across sports, impacting the injury profile and thereby influencing healthcare resource utilization and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate sports-related major trauma cases and compare differences across sports and activity groups. Methods: A retrospective case notes review of sports-related major traumas over a 5-year period was conducted. Demographic, hospital episode-related, and health outcome-related data were analyzed, and differences were compared across sports and activity groups. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge was used as the primary outcome measure and the length of hospital stay as the secondary outcome measure. Results: In total, 76% of cases had good recovery at discharge (GOS, 5), 19% had moderate disability (GOS, 4), and 5% had severe disability (GOS, 3). The mean length of hospital stay was 11.2 days (range, 1-121 days). The most severely injured body region was the limbs (29.1%) and vertebral/spinal injuries were most common (33%) in terms of location. A significant difference (P<0.05) existed in GOS across sports groups, with motor sports having the lowest GOS. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) were found in other health-outcome variables or injury patterns across sports or activity groups, although more competitive sports cases (67%) required admission than recreational sports cases (33%). Conclusions: Spinal injuries are the most frequent sports injuries, bear the worst health outcomes, and warrant better preventive measures. Head injuries previously dominated the worst outcomes; this change is likely due to better preventive and management modalities. Competitive sports had a higher injury frequency than recreational sports, but no difference in health outcomes or injury patterns.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

This study examined a model in which the relation between perceived contextual support and career indecision was expected to be mediated by coping self-efficacy and outcome expectancy for a sample of engineering students (N = 672). Structural equation analyses revealed that the link between contextual support and career indecision was fully mediated by coping self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Statistically significant paths were found from contextual support to coping self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Statistically significant paths were also found from self-efficacy and outcome expectancy to career indecision. In addition, there were significant gender differences in the mean scores of the variables and model fits. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.163-184
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• 2010

Characteristic of participants in the self-support program has an intrinsic attribute that has not changed strongly depending on time, as age, sex, and education. By investigating the characteristic of participants in the self-support program related to the self-support outcome, it becomes possible to both set up target groups and give effective self-support programs. This research analyzed the effect of the characteristics of participants in the self-support program to the self-support outcome by General Linear Models(GLM). The results showed that education, self-support program type, region, poverty, age, child protection, sex variables affected self-support outcome by main effects and interaction effects. There was different in pattern of self-support outcome depending on characteristics variables of participants, so it is necessary to make the self-support program in detail fit into characteristics of participants.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

Objective : Hydrocephalus and vasospasm are the common complications following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In spite of development of perioperative management and operative technique, hydrocephalus cause neurological deficit and poor prognosis. Usually CSF drainage procedure(external ventricular drainage(EVD) or shunt) is needed in hydrocephalus following SAH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the need for shunting and the outcome after shunting in hydrocephaus following SAH can be related to the duration, daily and total amount of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) drainage at EVD. Material and Method : IVH is one of several factors which cause hydrocephalus. In this retrospective study, firstly we investigated the incidence of IVH in total cases and frequency of IVH according to aneurysmal site and then prognosis of IVH following SAH. Among 629 patients with SAH, hydrocephalus was diagnosed by CT scan and symptoms. And then those 102 hydrocephalus following SAH were divided into two groups which were hydrocephalus with IVH group and without IVH group. In these two groups, we investigated and compared the incidence of hydrocephalus in all case, frequency of hydrocephalus according to aneurysmal site, the outcome according to H-H grade on admission and the need rate of shunt, etc. Of those hydrocephalus, 100 EVD procedures were done. The duration, daily and total amount of CSF drainage at EVD were investigated. Fifty cases expired during EVD was excluded. We analyzed whether the need rate of shunt and the final outcome after shunting can be related to IVH, the duration and daily and total amount of CSF drainage. Result : The incidence of hydrocephalus following SAH was 20%(with IVH group ; 64%, without IVH group ; 11%). As H-H grade on admission was better, the outcome of hydrocephalus was also better. The mortality rate of hydrocephalus with IVH was 64% which was higher than 40% that of hydrocephalus without IVH. The need rate of shunt in all cases of hydrocephalus following SAH was 20%, but those with IVH group excluding expired patients before shunt was 40%. This was very similar to 41% of the need rate of shunt in hydrocephalus without IVH. The total amount of CSF drainage was statistically related to the need rate of shunt(total amount : need rate of shunt/<1000cc : 15%, 1000-2000cc : 40%, >2000cc : 50%). The duration and daily amount of CSF drainage were not statistically related to the need rate of shunt, but as daily amount of CSF drainage was more and duration was longer, the need rate of shunt was increased(daily amount : need rate of shunt /<100cc : 16%, 100-200cc : 25%, >200cc : 40%//duration : need rate of shunt/<1week : 8%, 1-2weeks : 30%, >2weeks : 47%), and also the final outcome after shunting was poor. Especially the total amount of CSF drainage was significant related to the final outcome after shunting(total amount : GOS/<1000cc : I&II(3/4), 1000-2000cc : II(2/4), III(2/4), >2000cc : III&IV(6/7)). Conclusion : This study revealed that the incidence and mortality rate of hydrocephalus following SAH were influenced by IVH. So SAH associated IVH has the higher incidence of hydrocephalus and poor outcome. As the CSF drainage amount was more and duration of drainage was longer, the need rate of shunt was increased and the final outcome after shunting was poor. Especially the total amount of CSF drainage were strongly related to the need rate of shunt and the outcome after shunting.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

Differ from elder generation, active senior possesses the active characteristics of young people. In this research, the active senior users' UX problem was analyzed by Sundar's 'Interface Assessment'. According to Interface Assessment, the user's subjective user experience in GUI interactive can be divided into five elements, which are 'Visible', 'Desired Outcome', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', 'Perceived Ease of Use'. Based on these five elements, user's behavior and perception experience during interface using were analyzed to classify UX problems. Next, Correlation Analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between the elements of Interface Assessment and user's subjective experience using PSSUQ as comparing data, and SPSS 22 version as statistic software. The result of this research was presented below: First, active senior user's biggest UX problem can be classified with 'Desired Outcome' in App using. Second, the correlation between the two elements, 'Desired Outcome', 'Perceived Ease of Use', and the PSSUQ result was statistically significant, but the correlation between the other three elements, 'Visible', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', and the PSSUQ result were not statistically significant. According to the result, active senior users do have different characteristics compared with elder generation. The UX problems classified with 'Desired Outcome' and 'Perceived ease of use' apparently affect user's subjective experience, while the problems classified with 'Visible', 'Immediate feedback', 'Intuitiveness' show no evidence in affecting user's subjective experience. This phenomenon could be explained by the cumulative effects of PC or smartphone use. Through the analysis of multiple UX elements in this paper, better App interface could be developed according to active senior's needs.