• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

This study was carried out in the Bukhan River in the summer of 2014 and 2015, to identify the relationship between geosmin and the morphological changes in Anabaena. Identification of Anabaena was conducted using morphological and molecular analyses. Anabaena in this study was similar to Anabaena circinalis, A. crass, and A. spiroides with regard to regular coils, vegetative cell, akinete shape, and size, hoever, it was distinguishabl from A. crass and A. spiroides because of its larger trichome coil size. Additionally, the sequences of phycocyanin (PC) gene from Anabaena showed a 99% genetic similarity with A. circinalis NIES-1647 strain. The coil diameter of trichome ranged from 106 to $899{\mu}m$, and the diameter and abundance showed an insignificant positive correlation (r=0.544, p<0.05). The result of relationship between the coil diameter and the cell number per 360-degree rotation was kept at $33.8{\pm}5.2$ cells per $100{\mu}m$ diameter despite variable diameter. The average geosmin concentrations in 2014 and 2015 were investigated to be 99 ng/L and 35 ng/L, respectively. A. circinalis cell density contributed considerably to the change in geosmin and was positively correlated with geosmin concentration (2014; r=0.599, p<0.01, 2015; r=0.559, p<0.01). Our results suggest that geosmin and coil diameter could be estimated with the help of cell density.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 1996

Model pile tests, using a calibration chamber in which the stress state and the relative density can be controlled, were performed in order to study the effects of pile diameter on the plugging rate and bearing capacity of open-ended pile. The model piles used in the test series were devised so that the bearing capacity of an open-ended pile could be measured out into three components. The test results showed that fully plugging depth of an open -ended pile increased with increase in pile diameter and soil density. Moreover, it was found that unit plug capacity decreased with increase in pile diameter, though the penetration ratio or plugging rate of piles was constant. However, the existing formulae for estimation of plug capacity give plug capacity which is constant or increased with increase in pile diameter, when penetration ratio or plugging rate of piles is equal. Thus, it is proposed that the effect of pile diameter as well as plugging rate on bearing capacity of pile must be considered in plug capacity estimation.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.253-267
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern and the magnitude of stress distribution in the supporting tissues surrounding implant fixture with different diameter of implant fixtures(3i implant, Ø4.0, Ø5.0, Ø6.0mm and UCLA abutments(Ø4.1, Ø5.0, Ø6.0mm using photoelastic stress analysis. Photoelastic model was made with PL-2 resin(Measurements Group, Raleigh, USA) and three implants of each diameter were placed in the mandibular posterior edentulous area distal to the canine. Individual crowns were fabricated using UCLA abutments. Photoelastic stress analysis was carried out to measure the fringe order around the implant supporting structure under simulated loading conditions(15 lb, 30 lb). The results were as follows; 1. The more the diameter of implant fixture was increased, the less the stress concentration on cervical area of fixture was observed under loading. 2. Increasing mesiodistal diameter of implant superstructure had no much influence on stress distribution around implant fixture. 3. The use of smaller abutment had no influence on stress distribution around implant fixture. The use of smaller abutment diameter than that of implant fixture had no favorable effect on implant supporting tissue at biomechanical consideration.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate ginsenoside content in different root parts and the correlation between root diameter and ginsenoside composition of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer cultivated by direct seeding. The unit contents of ginsenoside were 29.65, 28.76, 26.34 mg/g, respectively in 4, 5, 6 years old. However, the total contents of ginsenoside were 431.97, 606.56, 657.80 mg/root, respectively. Total ginsenoside content of fine root was higher than that of main root and lateral root. These tendencies were related to decrease by the increase of root diameter. When diameter of main root and lateral root were the same in different ages, the total ginsenoside content was higher in the order of 4 > 5 > 6 years old roots. Except for ginsenoside-Rg1, other ginsenosides components (PD/PT and total ginsenosides) had highly negative correlation with the root diameter within whole root, main root, lateral root and fine root, which indicated that ginsenoside content is correlated to root diameter. As results, it is suggested that ginsenoside content can be predicted.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 1998

These studies were carried out to obtain useful information about the effective selection of vegetable perilla by estimating the genetic relationships between the heritabilities and the genetic correlations of quantitative traits among eight agronomic characters from 91 perilla varieties. The positive correlations were showed among characters such as between leaf weight and leaf size, leaf weight and leaf length, leaf weight and leaf width, leaf weight and plant height, leaf weight and stem diameter, leaf size and leaf length, leaf size and leaf width, leaf size and plant height, leaf size and stem diameter , leaf length and leaf width, leaf length and plant height, leaf length and stem diameter, leaf width and plant height, leaf width and stem diameter, plant height and stem diameter, plant height and the number of internodes per plant, and the number of internodes per plant and the number of leaves per plant. Heritabilities were high as from 0.7311 to 0.9112 among leaf weight, leaf size, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, stem diameter, and the number of internodes per plant.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3A
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• pp.555-563
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• 2006

Recently, many bridges become not only functionally obsolete of bridge deck due to inadequate width but also structurally deficient of substructure due to erosion. In these cases, widening is almost always more economical than complete replacement, and therefore there is a need to make available the results of research and field experience pertaining to the widening of bridge substructure. But, an experimental study for the guarantee of unification between existing and new substructure with adhesive anchor is so insufficient that the development of adhesive anchor system for the unification should be settled promptly. The purpose of the present study is to explore pull out and shear characteristics of adhesive anchor system. For this purpose, several series of concrete specimens have been tested. Major test variables were the bonded length, anchor diameter and anchor slope. The pull out strength, bond stress and shear strength of adhesive faces were measured for the specimens. The present study indicates that the pull out strength increased with more bonded length and more anchor diameter, and that the bond stress decreased with more bonded length and more anchor diameter. The pull out strength and the bond stress increases with more anchor slope and it is considered that the slope of $5^{\circ}$ was more efficient. From the shear tests, it is supposed that anchor diameters more than D19 was proper to the adhesive anchor. Finally, it is expected that both experimental data in these tests and further study including mock-up tests will contribute to the establishment of the unification between existing and new substructure with adhesive anchor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2018

The use of post installed anchors with bond type has lately been increasing when it is necessary to repair, reinforce, or remodel structures. This method provides flexibility and simplicity for construction of structural members that require adhering or fixing. Meanwhile, strength evaluation of anchors with expansion type among post-installed anchors systems has nearly reached setting up stage like design code through continual experimental studies for the last ten years, but analyses or experimental studies on anchor system with bond type are not yet sufficient. Accordingly, the designers and builders of korea depend on foreign design codes since there are no exact domestic design code they could credit. In this study, the objectives are investigating the effects on pull-out strength of resin anchors embedded into plain concrete by pull-out experiment of resin anchors with variables such as anchor diameter, anchor interval, embedment depth and edge distance.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.823-836
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• 2019

Spiral welded tubes (SWTs) are fabricated by helically bending a steel plate and welding the resulting abutting edges. The cost-effectiveness of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns can be enhanced by utilising such SWTs rather than the more conventional longitudinal seam welded tubes. Even though the steel-concrete interface bond strength of such concrete-filled spiral-welded steel tubes (CF-SWSTs) is an important consideration in relation to ensuring composite behaviour of such elements, especially at connections, it has not been investigated in detail to date. CF-SWSTs warrant separate consideration of their bond behaviour to CFSTs of other tube types due to the distinct weld seam geometry and fabrication induced surface imperfection patterns of SWTs. To address this research gap, axial push-out tests on forty CF-SWSTs were carried out where the effects of tube material, outside diameter (D), outside diameter to wall thickness (D/t), length of the steel-concrete interface (L) and concrete strength grade (f'_c) were investigated. D, D/t and L/D values in the range 102-305 mm, 51-152.5 and 1.8-5.9 were considered while two nominal concrete grades, 20 MPa and 50 MPa, were used for the tests. The test results showed that the push-out bond strengths of CF-SWSTs of both mild-steel and stainless-steel were either similar to or greater than those of comparable CFSTs of other tube types. The bond strengths obtained experimentally for the tested CF-SWSTs, irrespective of the tube material type, were found to be well predicted by the guidelines contained in AISC-360.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.760-768
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Ultrasonographic scanning with real time B-mode ultrasound machine having 5 MHz linear array transducer was performed on gravid uterus (n=24) obtained from slaughterhouse (Group I). Crown rump length (CRL) measured by ultrasound was found significantly different (p<0.05) with actual CRL measured after dissection in early pregnancy. However, age predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of CRL was found highly correlated (r=0.92) with age measured after dissection through CRL and the weight of fetus. Ages predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of trunk diameter (TD) and uterine diameter (UD) and ages measured after dissection were found highly and equally correlated (r=0.98) and did not differ significantly. Data from six does synchronized (Group II) with PGF2$\alpha$ (Estrumate) at 11 days apart were collected through ultrasound from 17 to 42 days post breding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age was high (r=0.97) in day 30 to 42 post breeding. A high coefficient of correlation (r=0.98) was also observed between predicated age by ultrasound and actual age calculated after kidding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age by the formula Y=(a+bX) i.e. Y=24.42+0.39 X where Y=gestational age and X=CRL, was recorded very high (r=0.99). Accuracy of ultrasonography was lowest on day 17 to 19 (66%) and reached 100% on day 34. Data from 30 does (group III) randomly subjected to only one time ultrasounds scanning to assess the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis were also obtained. Ages predicted by TD and UD measurements were observed to be non-significantly different with actual age obtained after kidding and correlation between ages predicted by TD and UD measurement with actual age after kidding was found equally and highly correlated (r=0.98). The operator's accuracy in the whole experiment including all three groups was found to be 92%. The sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 86%. From the present study, it was observed that CRL was the most reliable parameter to find out gestational age in early pregnancy and the new formula derived was found very accurate to find out gestational age. TD and UD were also found to be equally reliable parameter to find out gestational age in mid and late stage of pregnancy through ultrasonography. It was concluded that ultrasonography by real time B mode with 5 MHz transrectal transducer was found to be reliable, safe and accurate and practicable means in diagnosing early pregnancy diagnosis as early as 25 days post breeding.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.38-44
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• 2000

To determine the optimum sowing date and nursery period in Alisma piantago in the southern area of Korea, Alisma plantago local cultivar was grown under three different sowing dates and nursery periods. The plant height, leaf width and leaf length at the area sown on the seedbed in June 30 and conducted the growing seedling in 30 days is 12.1cm, 2.5cm and 3.1cm respectively and it shows tess decrease than that of plant height, leaf width and leaf length with 12.3cm, 2.6cm and 3.2cm respectively which was sown on the seedbed in June 20 and carried out the growing seedling in 30 days, and it also shows less decrease than that of plant height, leaf width and leaf length with 15.2cm, 3.1cm and 5.2cm respectively at the area sown on the seedbed in July 10 and condected the growing seedling in the same date. The stem length, number of stems and diameter of root at the area sown on the seedbed in June 30 and conducted the growing seedling in 30 days is 31cm, 11 and 3.7cm respectively and it shows more increase than that of stem length, number of stem and diameter of and on the other hand shows tess decrease than that of stem length, number of stems and diameter of root with 30cm, 10cm, 35cm respectively which was sown on the seedbed in 30 days, and on the other hand shows less decrease than that of stem length, number of stems and diameter of root with 32cm,13cm,3.9cm respectively at the area sown on the seedbed in July 10 and conducted the growing seedling in the same date, The fresh yield of roots at the area sown on the seedbed in June 30 and conducted the growing seedling in 30 days is 431.4Kg/10a and it shows more increase of 26.9Kg than that of fresh yield of root with 410.59g110a which was sown on the seedbed in lune 20an4 carried out the growing seedling in 30 days, and it also shows more increase of 7Kg than that of fresh yield of root with 430.4Kg/10a at the area sown on the seedbed in July 10 and conducted the growing seedling in the same date. The dry yield of roots at the area on the seedbed in June 30 and conducted the growing seedling in 30 days is 351.9Kg110a which was sown on the seedbed in June 20 and carried out the growing seedling in 30 days, and it also shows more increase of 16.4Kg than that of dry yield of root with 335.4Kg110a at the area sown on the seedbed in July 10 and conducted the growing seedling in the same date. Therefore, the seedling period of proper seedbed for high yield bumper crop of Alisma plantago for exporting to Japan is June 30 and the number of days for seedling is 30 days.