• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.05
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• pp.19-22
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• 1995

A biomechanical study was made to demonstrate the superior mechanical performance of the newly designed Miniplate staple to the conventional Coventry staple in high tibial osteotomy(HTO). Using twenty fresh porcine tibiae, the fixational strengh of the two different types of staple in HTO was compared. To minimize the error due to the specimen-to-specimen individuality, the bone mineral density of the tibiae was measured with a bone densitometry (Dual photon absorptionometer, Luner, USA) and those with $0.8\;{\sim}\;1.2\;gm/cm^2$ at the proximal tibia was used in the biomechanical test. Testing was performed on a material testing system (Autogram ET-5, Shimatzu, Japan) with aid of a commercial data processor (IBM 80386/ ASYST). Using two differant loading modes, 'pull-out' and 'push-out', the maximum resistant force required to release the staple from the substrate bone was recorded. In the pull-out test, ten non-osteotomized specimens were used and the staple was pullout by subjecting an axial tension on the head of the staple inserted. While in the pull-out test where ten tibiae osteotomized in the usual way of HTO were used, the staple was not directly loaded. In this testing, as a mimic condition of the natural knee, the distal part of the specimen tibia was pushed horizontally in order for the staple to be pulled out while the proximal tibia was fixed. The pull-out strength of Coventry staple and miniplate staple were found to be $27.88\;{\pm}\;5.12\;kgf$ and $182.47\;{\pm}\;32.75\;kgf$, respectively. The push-out strength of Coventry staple and miniplate staple were $18.40\;{\pm}\;4.47\;kgf$ and $119.95\;{\pm}\;19.06\;kgf$, respectively. The result revealed that miniplate staple had the pull-out/ push-out strength at least fivetimes higher than Coventry staple. Based on the measured data, it was believed that the newly designed miniplate staple could provide much better postoperative fixation in HTO. The postoerative application of long leg casting may not be needed after HTO surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

Prolotherapy can be defined as the injection of growth factors or growth factor production stimulants to grow normal cells or tissue. Even though it has been a controversal procedure for decades, it is currently gaining in popularity among many physicians. The term prolotherapy was coined by Hacket in the 1950s to imply proliferation of normal tissue at ligamentous and tendinous entheses. The procedure has been described by other terms, such as sclerotherapy, regenerative injection therapy, and stimulated ligament repair. Incomplete healing from sprains or strains is common and can lead to chronic pain, joint instability and laxity, and is a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. Prolotherapy is commonly used for these musculoskeletal conditions which are refractory to usual care therapies. The proliferant solution and technique varies according to physicial training and preferance. Commonly reported proliferants include 10% to 25% dextrose, P2G and sodium morrhuate. High resolution ultrasound imaging of musculoskeletal tissue is increasing in popularity because of patient tolerability, low cost, ability to visualize tissue in real time motion and superior resolution of highly organized tissue such as a tendon. This procedure can be introduced by ultrasound imaging and tissue growth and repair after this procedure in a tendon or a ligament can be documented with ultrasound.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.240-248
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the immune cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid, which shows lymphoid tissue-like structure, with those in tonsils, which are normal secondary lymphoid tissues. Firstly, we found that $CD4^-CD11b^+$ macrophages were the major population in RA synovial fluid and that B cells were the major population in tonsils. In addition, synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease, contained $CD4^+CD11b^+$monocytes as the major immune cell population. Secondly, we categorized three groups based on the proportion of macrophages found in RA synovial fluid: (1) the macrophage-high group, which contained more than 80% macrophages; (2) the macrophage-intermediate group, which contained between 40% and 80% macrophages; and (3) the macrophage-low group, which contained less than 40% macrophages. In the macrophage-low group, more lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like cells were detected, and the expression of OX40L and TRANCE in these cells was higher than that in the other groups. In addition, in this group, the suppressive function of regulatory T cells was downregulated. Finally, CXCL13 expression was higher in RA synovial fluid than in tonsils, but CCL21 expression was comparable in synovial fluid from all groups and in tonsils. These data demonstrate that increased lymphocyte infiltration in RA synovial fluid is correlated with an increase in LTi-like cells and the elevation of the chemokine expression.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.385-398
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• 2013

Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is widely used to treat unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee caused by degenerative deformations of the anatomical axes of the leg. However, since it is difficult to accurately plan the surgical degrees of adjustment such as coronal correction angle and tibial posterior slope angle to align the axes before the actual procedure, a number of studies have proposed analytical models to solve this problem. While previous analytical models for OWHTO were limited to specific cases, this study proposes an analytical osteotomy model (AOM) and a surgical planning system (SPS) that are suitable for a wide range of tibial morphologies and tibia conditions. The validity and generality of the model were verified in a total of 60 OWHTO cases. Results of the test showed that, as predicted, surgical degrees are affected quite significantly by tibia shape and slope of the resected surface. Comparison of the required surgical degrees and the degrees estimated from virtual surgery simulations using AOM showed a very small average difference of $0.118^{\circ}$. SPS, based on AOM, allows the operating surgeon to easily calculate surgical parameters needed to treat a patient.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.493-496
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• 2006

This study investigated cases of progressively necrotizing limbs in Korean indigenous calves. The recent case (Case 1) involved a 3-month old, male calf in Jeonbuk province that presented a visibly dry form of gangrene affecting joints of the forelimbs and the hind limbs. Radiograph revealed osteoarthritis possibly resulting from pressure of disrupted joint skin, fasciae, deeper underlying musculatures and tendon. Histopathology of affected tissue showed necrotizing; severely thrombosed dilated blood vessels with rechanneling microvasculatures. The lack of substantial infectious inflammatory exudates in the vital organs and the inability to respond to antimicrobial treatment bolstered the notion that the observed thromboembolic and vascular lesion was attributed to possible vasoconstrictive effects of ergot alkaloids. Case 2: A previously encountered similar case in a 4-month old, male calf showing gangrene of hind limbs and posterior ataxia was likewise presented. These two cases were impressed as probable ergotism. Ergotism may be uncommon or underreported in Korea. Future isolation of ergot alkaloids in feeds or in pasture is highly suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of structured cryotherapy on edema of patients who had a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The subjects were 58 patients who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis and had total knee arthroplasty in D hospital. In total, 29 people were in the leg elevation cryotherapy group (LECTG), 29 people were in the control group (CTG). After TKA, the patients' swelling on post operation days (POD) 3 were checked. After the post OP checking, LECTG was treated with cryotherapy with leg elevation for 12 days but CTG was cryo therapy with sit on chair. Results: Swelling show significant difference within the group (p<.05), but did not show signigicant difference between groups (p>.05). Conclusions: Base on the results, it was found the cryo therapy of $-78^{\circ}C$ improved swelling after TKA. Accordingly, it is thought that cryo therapy of $-78^{\circ}C$ has positive effect on swelling in the process of recovery after operation. but It did not approve that the leg elevation was even more effective. For this study, the reserch developed to enhance the effectiveness of the cryotherapy, would make it possible to apply to an effective cryotherapy posture.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the burning acupuncture therapy and exercise therapy on the internal derangement of knee with patella tendon and posterior cruciate ligament injury. Methods: Burning acupuncture therapy was administered three times and exercise therapy was administered during 4 weeks. The improvement of clinical symptom was evaluated by VAS(visual analogue scale) and KOOS(knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score). Results: After treatment, the patient's VAS score was reduced to 0 pant. The KOOS score of pain, symptom, ADL, sport/rec, QOL(quality of life) improved from 28 to 75, from 36 to 71, from 22 to 65, from 0 to 15, from 25 to 38 respectively. Conclusions: Burning acupuncture therapy and exercise therapy fer internal derangement of knee with patella tendon and posterior cruciate ligament injury was effective. Although this case presented valuable result, further research is encouraged to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment with large number of patient.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Daeyoungjeon (hereinafter referred to DYJ) treatment on the injury of articular cartilage induced by monosodium iodoacetate in rats. Methods Twenty-four male rats were divided into normal, osteoarthritic control and DYJ group. Rats of normal group were injected with 0.1 ml physiological saline, rats of control and DYJ groups were injected with 0.1 ml monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/ml) into each left and right knee joint cavities. Rats of DYJ group were administrated extracts of DYJ during 60 days per orally. At 60 days after treatment, gross lesions, area and proteoglycan contents of articular cartilage, histopathological lesions, immunohistochemistry on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7) were evaluated. Results Grossly, degenerative changes of articular cartilages were observed weak in DYJ group. The areas of articular cartilages were broader significantly in DYJ group. The proteoglycan contents in articular cartilages were lesser significantly in DYJ group. Histopathologically, the chondrocyte score was lesser significantly in DYJ group. MMP-3 expression in articular cartilages was observed weak in DYJ group. Conclusions From above results, DYJ treatment has inhibitory effects on the injuries of articular cartilage induced by monosodium iodoacetate in rats, and it's effects may be related with down regulation of MMP-3.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical case is to evaluate the efficacy of Harpagophytum radix. Pharmacopuncture on Degenerative diseases of knee joint. Methods : We used Korean Medicine treatment and Harpagophytum radix. pharmacopuncture, for this patients. This case is measured and assessed by Neumerical Rating Scale(NRS), Korea Western Ontario MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(KWOMAC) and Physical examination of knee joint. Results : The NRS decreased from 8 to 5(Left knee joint) & 5 to 4(Right knee joint) and KWOMAC total points decreased from 77 to 41. Also Physical examination of knee joint improved. Conclusions : Harpagophytum radix. pharmacopuncture with Korean Medicine treatment is proved to be helpful to the pain relief and function recovery of knee joint.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Curculiginis Rhizoma pharmaco-acupuncture at $ST_{36}$ on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic rats. Methods : Twenty rats were divided into four groups consisting of 5 rats: rats receiving no injection(normal), rats injected with monosodium Iodoacetate(MIA, control), rats injected with MIA and normal saline(N-S), and rats injected with MIA and Curculiginis Rhizoma (CRPA). N-S and CRPA were administered once a day at $ST_{36}$ during 21 days. After that we examined the weight-bearing ability of hind paws, liver and kidney function, immunocell, cytokines, proteins, and gene expression of cytokines. Injury of synovial tissue was measured by H & E, Safranin O immunofluorescence. Results : The weight-bearing ability of the hind paws, Serum TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, PGE2, LTB4, DPD, Osteocalcin, Protein COX-2 of CRPA decreased significantly. Protein Arachidonate 5 lipoxygenase of CRPA was decreased, but not significantly. Expression of gene COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, NOS2 of CRPA decreased. In histological observations, CRPA was improved, compared with other control groups. Conclusions : It can be suggested that Curculiginis Rhizoma pharmaco-acupuncture at $ST_{36}$ has anti-inflammatory and pain relief effects on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic rats.