• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 1994

A yeast was isolated from the spoiled ginseng product. The isolate was ellipsoidal shaped yeast measured around 2.0 to 2.5 w in diameter. The strain formed pseudomycelium on potato-dextrose agar medium. The isolated yeast used glucose as fermentable sugar, and showed assimilation activity for glucose, sorbitol and mannitol. The strain was also able to grow in the presence of 1% acetic acid and 50% (w/v) glucose-yeast extract agar. The isolated osmophilic yeast was identified as a strain of Zygosauharomyce sp.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2019

Biodiesel is produced through the transesterification process in the presence of alcohol and a catalyst that catalyzes the conversion of triglycerides to esters and glycerol compounds. A more optimal product conversion can be achieved using enzymes, such as lipase. Lipase is reported to be produced in osmophilic yeasts due to the low water content in their natural habitats. Wild forest honey is one of the osmophilic natural habitats in Indonesia. However, lipase-producing yeast has not been reported in the Indonesian honey. In this study, we screened the lipase-producing yeasts isolated from wild forest honey collected from Central Sulawesi. The production profile and activity of lipase were determined at different pH values and temperatures. One promising yeast was isolated from the honey, which was identified as Zygosaccharomyces mellis SG 1.2 based on ITS sequence. The maximum lipase production (24.56 ± 1.30 U/mg biomass) was achieved by culturing the strain in a medium containing 2% olive oil as a carbon source at pH 7 and 30℃ for 40 h. The optimum pH and temperature for lipase activity were 6 and 55℃, respectively. The enzyme maintained 80% of its activity upon incubation at 25℃ for 4 h. However, the enzyme activity decreased by more than 50% upon incubation at 35 and 40℃ for 2 h. This is the first study to report the lipase producing capability of Z. mellis. Further studies are needed to optimize the enzyme production.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.103-106
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• 1970

The cultural conditions of the osmophilic red color yeasts (Strain L${1$, $L_2$, $L_3$ and $L_4$) isolated and identified in the previous report were examined and the results obtained were as follows ; 1. The optimum medium for growth of these osmophilic red color yeasts was soy sauce medium. 2. These strains were grown exceedingly well on the medium containing 3 percent of NaCl but somewhat restrained on the medium containing 6% or more. 3. The optimum temperautre for growth of these strains was $25^{\circ}C$ and their lethal temperature was $68^{\circ}C$(treatment for 5 minutes). 4. The optimum pH for growth of these strains was 6.0.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.708-712
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• 2003

내삼투압성 효모인 Candida magnoliae의 발효조건이 erythritol의 생산에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 탄소원으로는 포도당보다 sucrose가 우수하였으며, sucrose 400 g/L를 주입하였을 때 109 g/L의 erythritol이 생산되었다. 질소원으로 yeast extract을 사용했을 때, 질소원의 농도가 낮을수록 높은 erythritol 수율을 획득할 수 있었으며, 15 g/L의 yeast extract와 함께 무기질소원인 ammonium phosphate를 3 g/L의 농도로 첨가하므로써, 수율 0.37 g/g, $0.78\;g/L{\cdot}hr$의 생산성으로 149 g/L의 erytnritol을 얻을 수 있었다. KCl을 이용한 높은 삼투압 조건에서의 플라스크 배양 결과, 40 g/L의 농도로 첨가한 경우가 erythritol 생산에 가장 유리하였으며, 이와 같은 실험결과를 발효기 배양에서 검증한 결과, KCl을 40 g/L로 첨가하여 167 g/L의 erythritol을 0.42 g erythritol/g sucrose의 수율로 생산할 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1971

Among 50 yeasts of red pepper paste isolated and identified in the previous report, 12 strains of yeast which possess osmophilic and non-film characteristics were examined their growth rates and alcohol fermentation ability in red pepper medium. 5 strains of yeast possessing powerful growth rates and excellent alcohol fermentation ability were selected as excellent yeasts in this experiment. And their cultural conditions, salt resistance and red pepper concentration upon the growth were examined in this report. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Among 12 strains of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae group II(strain $D_1$), Saccharomyces oviformis($D_2$), Saccharomyces steineri($M_3$), Saccharomyces rouxii($D_9$) and Saccharomyces mellis($G_8$) were selected as excellent yeasts. 2) Among 5 strains of yeast selected, the strain $D_1$ and $D_2$showed the best alcohol fermentation ability and the best fermentative flavour. 3) The optimum temperature for growth of the strain $D_1$ and $D_2$ was $25^{\circ}C$$M_3$, $D_9$ and $G_8$ $30^{\circ}C$$D_1$ and $D_2$ was $62^{\circ}C$$M_3$,$D_9$ and $G_8$ ws 60.deg.C with treatment for 10 minutes. 4) The optimum pH for growth of all strains was around 5.0. 5) The strain $D_1$ and $M_3$were grown exceedingly well on the emdia containing 3 percent of NaCl and $D_2$,$D_9$ and $G_8$ on the media containing 6 percent of NaCl. 6) In the case of 5 percent of red pepper liquor added 5 percent of glucose was more nutritional than in the case of 5 percent glucose only. However, the growth rates of yeasts were restrained by the increase of red pepper concentration.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.272-276
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• 2005

Candida tropicalis, an osmophilic strain isolated from honeycomb, produced xylitol at a maximal volumetric production rate of 3.5 g $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$ from an initial xylose concentration of 200 g $l^{-1}$. Even with a very high xylose concentration, e.g., 350 g $l^{-1}$, this strain produced xylitol at a moderate rate of 2.07 g $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$. In a fed-batch fermentation of xylose and glucose, 260 g $l^{-1}$ of xylose was added, and xylitol production was 234 g $l^{-1}$ for 48 h, corresponding to a rate of 4.88 g $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$. To increase the xylitol production rate, cells were recycled in a submerged membrane bioreactor with suction pressure and air sparging. In cell-recycle fermentation, the average concentration of xylitol produced per recycle round, total fermentation time, volumetric production rate, and product yield for ten rounds were 180 g $l^{-1}$, 195 h, 8.5 g $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$, and 85%, respectively. When cell-recycle fermentation was started with the cell mass contratrated two-fold after batch fermentation and was performed for ten recycle rounds, we achieved a very high production rate of 12 g $l^{-1}$ $h^{-1}$. The production rate and total amount of xylitol produced in cell-recycle fermentation were 3.4 and 11 times higher than in batch fermentation, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1971

공업적으로 간장을 담금하여 발효숙성시킬때 Saccharomyces rouxii $T_9$을 배양하여 첨가한 경우와 첨가하지 않은 경우 발효덧중의 효모의 동태와 성분의 소장에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 효모첨가구의 간장덧 1ml중에 존재하는 내염성효모수는 담금 1개월 경과후에 $185{\times}10^3$개였으며 담금 4개월 경과후에 $750{\times}10^3$개로 나타난데 비하여 효모무첨가구의 내염성효모수는 담금 1개월경과후에 $98{\times}10^3$개였으며 담금 4개월 경과후에 $394{\times}10^3$개로서 효모첨가구의 경우 무첨가구의 약 2배로 나타났다. (2) 효모첨가구는 담금 $5{\sim}6$개월덧 1ml중에 TTC red군의 일반효모수가 $2132{\times}10^3{\sim}3252{\times}10^3$개로 나타난데 비하여 효모무첨가구는 $752{\times}10^3{\sim}1251{\times}10^3$개로서 현저한 차이를 보였으면 red pink군과 pink군의 효모도 무첨가구에 비하여 첨가구에서 더 많이 나타났다. (3) 효모첨가구나 무첨가구공히 담금 1개월 경과후부터 6개월까지 TTC red군의 효모가 우세하게 나타났다. (4) 간장덧즙액중의 총질소, pH, 순고형물, 완충능동은 효모첨가구와 무첨가구간의 큰차가 없었으나 Alcohol과 색도는 효모첨가구가 월등히 높았으며 유리환원당은 효모무첨가구가 높았다. (5) 관능시험한 결과 효모첨가구와 무첨가구간의 맛의 양부차는 뚜렷하지 않었으나 외관및 향기의 면에서 효모첨가구가 월등히 우수 하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.543-546
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• 1998

The effect of glucose concentration on the production of erythritol by Trichosporon sp. was mainly studied. The specific growth rate and production rate of erythritol gave the highest values of $0.23 h^{-1}\; and\; 4.2 g/\ell/h,\; respectively,\; on\; 100 g \; glucose/\ell$ of medium. The conversion yield of erythritol during the exponential phase and the stationary phase was constantly maintained at 19% and 51 %, respectively, while the glucose concentration in the medium varied from 100 g/$\ell$ to 400 g/$\ell$. The maximum overall erythritol conversion yield of 47% was obtained when the glucose concentration in the medium was 400 g/$\ell$. It corresponded to a 74% increase compared with the 100 g/$\ell$ glucose medium. The diauxy growth of this microbe was also observed. It grew exponentially consuming glucose, then after the second lag phase, biomass slowly increased using glycerol and erythritol.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1056-1069
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• 2015

Osmotic pressure is a critical factor for erythritol production with osmophilic yeast. Protein expression patterns of an erythritol-producing yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, were analyzed to identify differentially-expressed proteins in response to osmotic pressure. In order to analyze intracellular protein levels quantitatively, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to separate and visualize the differential expression of the intracellular proteins extracted from Y. lipolytica cultured under low (3.17 osmol/kg) and high (4.21 osmol/kg) osmotic pressures. Proteomic analyses allowed identification of 54 differentially-expressed proteins among the proteins distributed in the range of pI 3-10 and 14.4-97.4 kDa molecular mass between the osmotic stress conditions. Remarkably, the main proteins were involved in the pathway of energy, metabolism, cell rescue, and stress response. The expression of such enzymes related to protein and nucleotide biosynthesis was inhibited drastically, reflecting the growth arrest of Y. lipolytica under hyperosmotic stress. The improvement of erythritol production under high osmotic stress was due to the significant induction of a range of crucial enzymes related to polyols biosynthesis, such as transketolase and triosephosphate isomerase, and the osmotic stress responsive proteins like pyridoxine-4-dehydrogenase and the AKRs family. The polyols biosynthesis was really related to an osmotic response and a protection mechanism against hyperosmotic stress in Y. lipolytica. Additionally, the high osmotic stress could also induce other cell stress responses as with heat shock and oxidation stress responses, and these responsive proteins, such as the HSPs family, catalase T, and superoxide dismutase, also had drastically increased expression levels under hyperosmotic pressure.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 1998

재래식 간장의 맛을 개선하기 위하여 대두 자숙액, 당 및 젖산균과 효모를 접종하고 자연조건에서 발효시키면서 젖산발효와 알코올발효 효과를 조사하였다. 젖산균과 효모 접종구에서 젖산의 생성량이 2.91%로 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 간장 덧에 당만을 첨가한 구에서 2.38%, 대두 자숙액 만을 첨가한 대조구에서 2.05%로 나타나 모든구의 간장에서 젖산발효의 효과가 있었으나, 알코올은 모든 처리구에서 소량 검출되어 젖산균에 의해 생성된 초산 때문에 효모의 생육이 저해되어서 알코올발효 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 기호도에서도 젖산균과 효모 접종구와 당 첨가구가 우수하였다.