• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

Background or Objectives : The purpose of this study is to measure surface Electromyography(sEMG) of facial muscles in normal person and to find method for standardizing of sEMG's value. Methods : We measured 3points on face, frontalis muscle($GB_{14}$), zygomaticus muscle($SI_{18}$), orbicularis oris muscle($LI_{19}$) of 40 normal person by sEMG. 40 normal person consist with two groups, each 20 male, 20 female. Average age of subject was $26.50{\pm}4.79$. SEMG instrument QEMG-4 XL was used. After training exercise of facial muscles, sEMG's root mean square value was measured once. Results : 1. In whole experimental group, frontalis muscle's both side average was $78.36{\pm}40.87$, zygomaticus muscle's both side average was $84.70{\pm}49.81$, orbicularis oris's both side average was $104.83{\pm}38.81$. 2. Left side of Frontalis muscle, both side of zygomaticus muscle are high marked in male than female in statistically. 3. In whole experimental group, average of ratio comparing smaller value with bigger value in difference between left side and right side was $19.60{\pm}12.88$ %. 4. Average of asymmetry index(AI) was $11.46{\pm}8.36$ %. orbicularis oris muscle's average of AI had least difference was $8.95{\pm}7.50$ %. zygomaticus muscle's average of AI had most difference was $13.95{\pm}8.90$ %. Conclusions : The result of this study could provide useful information of field of sEMG is used in oriental medicine treatment of facial muscles. To assess efficacy of treatment in facial muscles, we need to standardize facial muscle's sEMG values by using AI, ratio comparing values and etc.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.322-327
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of female's Bone Mineral Density after taking herbal medicine. We examined age, sex, marriage, alcohol, smoking, and job of 76 female and their life style related with Osteoporosis. Bone Mineral Density was examined after 1 month (one herbal medicine), 2 months (two herbal medicine), and 3 months (three herbal medicine) between Group I (taking pear extract) and Group II (taking herbal medicine). Bone Mineral Density of Group II after 1 month was increased, but insignificant. Bone Mineral Density was not significantly different between the Group I and Group II after 2 and 3 months. In this study, we can conclude that Bone Mineral Density was increased after 1 month of taking herbal medicine. But we had inaccurate results due to limitations of this study: period of test, accuracy of instrument, impossibility of use young antlers of the deer, and etc. More detailed study should be conducted to yield more concrete results.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1221-1225
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• 2009

The pulse diagnosis is an important and universally used method in Oriental Medicine. Since the traditional method of palpating the pulse relies on the subjective sense in the fingers of an Oriental Medical Doctor(OMD), there has been continued need for more objective method for pulse diagnosis. Recently, various pulse analyzers have been developed to meet such objective palpation and interpretation. However, most of these attempts were not successful to replace OMD's own palpation by fingers. To improve the performance of the pulse analyzers, one should develop machine-appropriate interpretations for the pulse images in the literature, in addition to the improvement in the repeatability and reproducibility. One of such widely-used pulse images to be interpreted is the floating and sinking pulse. The floating and sinking pulses are the two representative pulse images informing us how strong pressure one should apply to obtain the maximal pulse strength. A previous study suggested a convenient and unified measure for the floating and sinking pulses by defining the coefficient of the floating-sinking pulse(CFS). We found the original definition of the CFS could be erroneous under some situations. To improve the performance, we introduce new CFS algorithm for determining the floating and sinking pulse with a pulse analyzers(3-D MAC). To test the performance of the newly suggested algorithm, we conducted a clinical study comparing the agreement ratio with the floating and sinking pulse diagnosis by the OMDs. We found that, among the subjects who are diagnosed with having either the floating pulse or sinking pulse, the new CFS algorithm showed 55.3% diagnosis rate and 73.0% concordance rate, which are about 3% and 6% improvement in the diagnosis rate and agreement rate, respectively, compared to the original CFS algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2009

Objectives : It is considered not easy to diagnose the condition of acupoints or meridians. Oriental Medical instruments have rarely complied with Oriental Medical diagnostic/therapeutic theories. The aim of this study was to develop a system which measures meridian electric potential(MEP) in proportion to bio-electric charge for the purpose of Oriental Medical diagnosis. Method : To evaluate a meridian energy measurement system(MEMS), we carried out a performance test. For significance test, we conducted a clinical trial which measured the MEP of ST36(Chok-samni) on Stomach Meridian(ST). Results & Conclusions : We could evaluate the balance or the imbalance of the MEPs on the left/right ST36. Also, through the comparison of MEPs before and after meals, we could identify the correlation between the MEP and the condition of internal organs. Namely, MEP reflects the condition of acupoints/meridians and internal organs, therefore, we propose this new method for measuring and analyzing the condition of meridians and acupoints for Oriental Medical diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2008

Objectives : Moxibustion therapy is one of the most popular oriental treatments in Korea. In this study, we operate the in-depth interview for use of moxibustion therapy in Korea. Methods : Survey questions were developed based on consensus of acupuncture professors. The list of the Korean medical doctors with experiences more than 10 years is provided by the Association of the Korean Oriental Medicine. The in-depth interview was conducted in 30 Korean medical doctors who answered in the previous telephone survey that they use moxibustion therapy for more than 30 % of patients everyday. Interview survey with them were conducted by the well-trained interviewers of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine in medical researcher from 22th May to 28th June 2007. Results : Korean medical doctors prefer to use the moxibustion with moxa stick (83.9%). The most common treatment disease was musculo-skeletal disorder (28.9%), gynecology (14.1%), digestive disorder (28.6%). The most common treatment area was the abdomen (35.3%), back (22.5%), lower extremity (15.8%) and upper extremity (16.9%). Indirect moxibustion’s was as frequent as 73.5% of moxibustion method. The most common instrument for treating was mini-moxa of manufactured goods (39.3%). Most Korean medical doctors (48.8%) took up the position that bring symptom relief following good treatment area. 'High preferences of patients' (32.7%) was one of moxibustion strong points but 'Lots of smell and smoke' (54.7%)' was a weak points. The most common side effects was the 'slight burn' (34.9%), 'skin rash' (22.5%), 'skin pruritus' (23.8%) Conclusions : This survey provides unique insight into the perception of the Korea medical doctor at moxibustion therapy. Future research needs to provide more in-depth insight into doctor views of the experience.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Objectives : The aims of the current study were to assess the reliability and validity of the CoRe-Ditec-BS Questionnaire-II (BSQ-II; Blood stasis questionnaire-II) with 8 items including 5 items related women added to BSQ-I that was consisted of 36 items and developed in 2013. Methods : Between May 2014 and November 2014, 411 patients from 3 traditional Korean medical hospitals were asked to complete the BSQ-II. Each patient was independently diagnosed with BSS by two traditional Korean medical physicians from the same site. We estimated the internal consistency using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, the discriminant validity using the means score of BSS, and the predictive validity using logistic regression (sensitivity and specificity). Results : The BSQ-II had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient=0.765) and validity, with significant differences in the mean scores between the BSS($63.60{\pm}9.56$) and non-BSS groups($48.36{\pm}5.93$). The area under the receiver operating curve was about 98%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.4% and 94.9%, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CoRE-Ditec-BSQ-II is more reliable and valid instrument for estimating BSS than BSQ-I.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2000

근골격계 질환은 임상에서 가장 흔하게 접할 수 있는 대상의 하나로 그 진단과 평가가 매우 중요하며 여러 가지 진단기기와 평가방법이 이용되고 있다. Thermography는 기존의 진단기기와 달리 질병의 기능적인 측면을 평가할 수 있다는 점과 통증과 같은 주관적인 표현을 어느정도 객관화할 수 있다는 점에서 임상적 가치가 고려되고 있다. 본 연구는 최근 국내외의 임상 논문을 대상으로 근골격계 영역에서 Thermography의 활용 동향을 고찰하여 진단적 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. Thermography는 척추신경병증, 근막동통증후군, 말초신경병증, 반사성 교감신경 이영양증, 레이노 증후군, 악관절 장애 및 일부 기타 질환에서 적용되었으며, 대부분의 질환에서 보조적인 진단기기로 활용가치가 있었다. 특히, 질병의 경과 관찰과 약물 및 기타 처치에 대한 효과 판정에 유용하였으며, 레이노 증후군 및 반사성 교감신경 이영양증과 같은 질병에서는 일차적인 진단기기로도 활용이 가능하였다. 향후 근골격계 영역에서 Thermography의 보다 폭넓은 적용을 위해서는 질환에 따른 적절한 촬영방법의 개발 및 결과 판독에 대한 객관성 확보가 있어야 할 것이다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-53
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• 1999

The goal of this study is to review and define the role of nurses' who are engaged in Korea Oriental medical treatments in oriental medical hospitals. We think this study can contribute to the development of 'Korea Oriental medical science & nursing science' and 'Public health care'. A large portion of nurses's role in Korea Oriental Medicine(KOM. 한방/한의학) is assistance to doctors treatment. But besides of these role, we think there are many things that are riskless for nurses to do alone. But in present situation, few nurses in KOM. have enough knowledge to treat these medical treatments alone. So we believe this study will provide a way for nurses to participate more actively in KOM. public health care. With the goal of this study, we checked all medical treatments that have been practiced in oriental medical hospitals, and classified these treatments with some groups. And we organized a inquiry. At this inquiry, we ask 'What is the adequate role of nurses in Korea Oriental medical treatment? & What kind of treatment can nurses do?' We got 58 responses from nationwide 121 hospitals. From these response, more than half of them said nurses can do following medical treatment in the oriental medical hospital: 1. starting and ending part of following treatments; External treatments by instrument, by hydrotheraphy, by herb, by suction, moxibustion, Manipulative therapies on soft structure, Living and mind-body therapies. 2. pulling out Acupuncture. 3. boiling herb, judgement on dosing temperature, assisting in dosing, 4. assisting Diet, 5. operating from Living and mind-body therapies. 6. leading Physical training However, these results are coming out from present situation. So, after well-oriented instructions for nurses, this study will be need to carry out again. From this study, we suggest a desirable curriculum for students who study 'Korea Oriental Nursing Science.' That is to say, at basic course students take 4 subject for 6 credits. And at as an expert course, it should be dividend into Clinical Nursing Specialist in KOM., Self-care Nursing Specialist, Regimen Nursing Specialist and take 17 credits per each course.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1034-1038
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• 2007

To examine the difference of health-related quality of life (QoL) of obese patients between before and after treatment of Korean traditional medicine. This study was assessed in 18 obese-women (age 29.72${\pm}$7.38) treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine using SF-36 quality of life questionnaire between January and July 2006, a 36 item instrument yielding 8 dimensions (Social functioning, Role limitation-Physical, Role limitation-Emotion, Mental health, Vitality, Bodily pain, and General health) and a total score. Their weight was measured by Inbody 3.0 (Biospace co. Korea). QoL and body composition was assessed twice at baseline (B) and 4 weeks after treatment. Auricular acupuncture and electrical needle stimulation to abdomen, thigh, and arm fat was used twice a week and complex herb formula was prescribed according to their constitution and symptoms for 4 weeks. Herb medication was taken 2 times a day. Respective variables were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the level set for statistical significance was p <0.05. The mean of the body weight (P=0.000;B64,68${\pm}$6.86, 4 WKs 60.47${\pm}$5.69), fat percentage (P=0.000;B33.14${\pm}$4.86, 4 WKs 30.16${\pm}$5.34), body mass index (P=0.000;B25.18${\pm}$2.44, 4 WKs 23.46${\pm}$2.09) and fat weight (P=0.000;B21.66${\pm}$5.06, 4 WKs 18.41${\pm}$4.57) of some obese patients decreased significantly between before and after treatment for 4 weeks. Physical functioning (P=0.48;B27.06${\pm}$3.17, 4 WKs 28.00${\pm}$1.71), Mental health (P=0.01 ;B18.83${\pm}$5.25, 4 WKs 22.00${\pm}$3.73), Vitality (P=0.028;B13.89${\pm}$3.03, 4 WKs 15.44${\pm}$2.53), Bodily pain (P=.0014;B8.84${\pm}$1.75, 4 WKs 10.15${\pm}$1.78), and the total scores (P=0.001;B104.99${\pm}$12.60, 4 WKs 114.58${\pm}$11.11) of SF-36 were increased significantly after treatments. These data show some differences in QoL and BMI between before and after treatment on obesity and suggest that the treatment with acupuncture and herbal medicine have a positive impact on several domains of QoL of some obese patients. Further randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including follow-up are needed to examine whether acupuncture and herb medicine have a positive effect on QoL of treatment group compared with control group.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2013

Objectives : Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN), generally considered to be the most symptomatically distressing complication of diabetes, affects more than 50% of people with diabetes. However, no consistently effective treatment for DPN is available and patients are forced to struggle with medications that provide only partial relief. In this pilot study, we evaluated the clinical effects of Saam acupuncture for the treatment of painful DPN. Methods : A total of 10 patients with painful DPN were included in the study; 6 subjects with Saam acupuncture treatment and 4 subjects without it. Subjects were defined as having painful DPN if they had at least 2 points using total symptom score(TSS). Treatments were delivered three times a week for 4 weeks. Vitamin $B_{12}$ was orally administrated in the all subjects. At initial(0 week) and follow-up after 4 weeks and 8 weeks, all subjects underwent TSS, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument(MNSI), and nerve conduction test. Results : After initial(0 week) and follow-up(8 weeks), TSS and MNSI were not significantly different between the two groups(p=0.400 and p=0.830, respectively). However, in both two groups, according to time, there was a significant difference in TSS as well as MNSI(p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Conclusions : Saam acupuncture may be considered as the effective treatment for the patients of DPN although the changes of the symptoms were of limited significance in this study. Further investigations are required to elucidate the role of Saam acupuncture for the pain control of DPN.