• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.537-551
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• 2017

Objectives : Jinnoe-san (JNS) is a novel herbal formula consisting of five oriental medicinal herbs including Polygalae Radix, Prunellae Spica, Perillae Herba, Betulae Cortex, and Lonicerae Flos. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of JNS on Parkinson's disease in vitro model. Methods : The effects of JNS on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$)-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated with a cell viability assay, flow cytometry, and western blots analysis. The effects of JNS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia were determined with a nitric oxide (NO) assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, and western blots analysis. Result : $MPP^+$-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by JNS pre-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. JNS inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dysfunction, and apoptosis induced by $MPP^+$ in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, JNS significantly activated Akt and ERK in SH-SY5Y cells and the ability of JNS to prevent mitochondria dysfunction by $MPP^+$ was antagonized by pre-treatment of LY294002 and PD98059, an Akt and ERK inhibitor, respectively. In addition, JNS inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production as well as iNOS expression and secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$, pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting the cell viability. JNS also suppressed LPS-induced ERK activation. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that JNS has a protective effect on the dopaminergic neurons against $MPP^+$-induced neurotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect on the LPS-stimulated microglia. These findings provide evidences for JNS to be considered as a new prescription for treating Parkinson's disease.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2008

Acetaminophen (N-acety1-p-aminophenol, paracetamol) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Intake of a over dose of acetaminophen may result in severe hepatic necrosis. In this study, we investigated the liver damage in mice using single dose (300 mg/kg) of acetaminophen and the possible protective effects of administration (50-200 mg/kg body weight) of SB-Ex on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were determined in the plasma of mice. The effect of SB-Ex on lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARS) and some antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase (${\sigma}$-ALA-D) activities, and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated in the mouse liver homogenate. Acetaminophen caused liver damage as evident by statistically significant increased in plasma activities of AST and ALT. There were general statistically significant losses in the activities of SOD, catalase, ${\sigma}$-ALA-D, and GPx and an increase in TBARS in the liver of acetaminophen-treated group compared with the control group. However, SB-Ex was able to counteract these effects. These results suggest that SB-Ex can act as hepatoprotectives against acetaminophen toxicity and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.922-927
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• 2005

In the present study, baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, a major flavone isolated from Scutellaria Radix were examined for their effects on PMA-induced Interlukin-6 (IL-6), $interferon-\gamma(IFN-\gamma)$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-\alpha$, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 productions in the PMA-stimulated $CD4^+$ Jurkat T cells. These three compounds inhibited PMA-induced Th1 cytokine $(IL-6,\;IFN-\gamma,\;TNF-\alpha)$ and Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-13) productions in a concentration-dependent manner. But wogonin, but not baicalin baicalein, increased PMA-induced IL-10 production. These results suggest that baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, a major flavone modulate Th1 and Th2 cytokine productions in $CD4^+$ Jurkat T cells and these properties may contribute to the anti-atopic dermatitis activity of Scutellaria Radix.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

I think that the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$ of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ is basic material explaining the character of sasang-herb and prescription. Through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$'s origin and meaning, I can take the result as follows. The first, that is composed of total 237 herbs of 90 spleen-herb (Soeumin-herb), 61 kidney-herb (Soyangin-herb), 67 lung-herb (Taeeumin-herb) and 19 liver-herb (Taeyangin-herb). The second, the origin of that is ${\ulcorner}$JeJungSinPyun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$BangYakHapPyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$EuiHakIpMum${\lrcorner}$. And DongMu classified traditional YakSungGa as spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver-herb which is suitable to Sasangin, not created that. So we can know that the first understanding for DongMu' s herb is focused on the traditional YakSungGa. The third, DongMu's unique terminology of spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver herb show his sight of symptom, disease and pharmacology, that is focused on small JangBu. The forth, through herb-nature gathered from traditional YakSungGa, that purposed to classfying each constitutional herb. So we can know his idea that the choice of herb is not in general efficacy but in personal constitution. As mentioned abovet, that can refer to an herbal argument of DongMu and ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGoYakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ that make known to be common can refer to an prescriptional argument of DongMu.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.145-165
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• 1998

We inquired into the prescription including Radix Aconiti(附子) on the records of the past. According to the role of Radix Aconiti(附子), we can divide into four group. (1) In the case of excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower(上盛下虛), heat in the upper and cold in the lower(上熱下寒), Radix Aconiti(附子) supplies the fire from the gate of life(命門火) and the fire of deficiency type(虛火) is recurred into the origine(根源) by it. (2) In the case that Yang(陽) is kept externally by Yin(陰)-excess in the interior(陰盛格陽), and there is heat syndrome in the exterior with cold syndrome in the interior(裏寒外熱), Radix Aconiti(附子) can remove cold(祛寒) and revitalizes(回陽). (3) In the case of the heat of excess type syndrome(實熱證), Radix Aconiti(附子) treats heat-syndrome(熱證) with heat-clearing(淸熱) drug. (4) In the case of wind-syndrome(風證) and phlegm-syndrome(痰證), Radix Aconiti(附子) supplies the kidney-Yang(元陽) and promotes movement of the other drugs. According to frequency in use of drugs, we can divide into four group. (1) In e case of the fire of deficiency type(虛火), Radix Aconiti(附子) is used with drugs of invigorating-Yin(補陰), invigorating-Yang(補陽) and diuresis(利水), such as Rhizoma rehmanniae(熟地黃), Cortex cinnamomi(肉桂), Fructus comi(山茱萸), Poria, etc. (2) In the case that Yang is kept externally by Yin(陰)-excess in the interior(陰盛格陽), Radix Aconiti(附子) is used with drugs of dispelling cold(祛寒) and revitalization(回陽), such as Rhizoma zingiberis siccatum(乾薑), Radix glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix ginseng(人蔘), etc. (3) In the case of the heat of excess type syndrome(實熱證), Radix Aconiti(附子) is used with drugs of heat-clearing(淸熱), such as Rhizoma coptidis(黃蓮). (4) In the case of wind-syndrome(風證) and phlegm-syndrome(痰證), Radix Aconiti(附子) is used with drugs of dispersing(發散), invigorating(補氣), enriching the blood(補血), removing the phlegm(去痰), heat-clearing(淸熱). such as Radix oxterici koreani(羌活), Radix ledebouriellae(防風), Radix ginseng(人蔘), Radix angelicae gigantis(當歸), etc. Especially in many of cases, Radix Aconiti(附子) is used with drugs of nourishing-Yin(滋陰), but it is hardly used with drugs of treating middle-jiao energy(中氣).

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-55
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• 2011

The currently existing "Bonchojeonghwa (本草精華)" is a manuscript without the preface and the epilogue, composed of 2 books in 2 volumes. This book is a quintessence of knowledge on science of medicinal ingredients (medicinal phytology I herbal science) as well as an trial of new development in Chosun medical science. I.e. this book includes surprising change representing medical science in Chosun dynasty as a single publication on science of medicinal ingredients. It holds a value essential to clinician as a specialized book in medicinal ingredients, and Includes richer content on medicinal ingredients than any other books published before. In addition, it is away from boring list-up of superfluous knowledge as seen in "Bonchokangmok(本草綱目)" published in China, and well summarizes essential knowledge which can be used within a range of medicines available in Korea. This book has an outstanding structure that can be even used in today's textbook on science of medicinal ingredients, as it has clear theory, system and classification. Because it handles essential learning points prior to prescription to disease, it is possible to configure new prescription and adjustment of medicinal materials. Moreover, this book can play a good role for linguistic study at the time of publication, because it describes many drugs in Hangul in many parts of the book. "Bonchojeonghwa" includes a variety of animals, plants and mineral resources in Korea, like "Bonchokangmok" which was recently listed in UNESCO. As such, it has a significance in natural history as well as pharmacy in Korean Medicine. It has various academic relationships all in biologic & abiologic aspects. It has importance in sharing future biological resources, building up international potential, setting up the standard for biologic species under IMF system, and becoming a base for resource diplomacy. We should not only see it as a book on medicinal ingredients in terms of Oriental Medicine, but also make an prudent approach to it in terms of study strengthening Korea's national competitiveness. After bibliographical reviewing on the features & characteristics of the only existing copy of "Bonchojeonghwa" housed in Kyujanggak(奎章閣) of Seoul National University, the followings are noted. First, "Bonchojeonghwa" is a specialized book on medicinal ingredients voluntarily made by private hands to distribute knowledge on drugs in the desolate situation after Imjinoeran (Japanese Invasion in 1592), without waiting for governmental help. Second, it raised accessibility and practicality by new editing. Third, it classified 990 different kinds of drugs into plant, animal, and mineral at large, and dassified more in detail into 15 'Bu' and 48 'Ryu' at 258 pages. Fourth, the publication of this book is estimated to be around 1625~1633, at the time of Injo's reign in 17th century. Fifth, it contains the existing & up-to-date knowledge at the time of publication, and it is possible to see the supply-demand situation by Hangul descriptions in 149 places in the book. By the fact that there are many linguistic evidences of 17th century, explains well when the book was published.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

Objectives : A traditional herbal prescription, Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), has long been used in oriental medicine as an invigorant for age-related diseases, such as amnesia and stroke. However, the beneficial value of KOK for immune responses is largely unknown. Based on the above mentioned effects of KOK, other previous reports, and its use in traditional medicine, we hypothesized that KOK displays beneficial effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression. Methods : We investigated the effects of KOK (0.6 g/kg/day, oral (p.o.)) on deteriorated immunity caused by MTX (2 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in an immune suppression mouse model. MTX was fed to mice once a day for 7 days. After the immune responses of the mice deteriorated by MTX treatment, KOK in water was fed to the mice once a day for 14 days. We then measured the expression levels of various cytokines, such as T helper cell (Th1, Th2) cytokines, and the number of immune cells, such as spleen T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Results : The data showed that MTX decreased Th1 profiles (interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12) and the number of immune cells, and increased Th2 profiles (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), which were normalized significantly by post-administration of KOK. However, there was no significant difference in body-weight gain between MTX- and KOK-treated mice. Conclusion : These results indicate that KOK has immune-enhancing functions and reduces immunotoxicity of MTX, suggesting that supplementation with KOK will improve immune responses clinically and be useful for the prevention of immune-related diseases.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

Objective: Gami-Samhwang-San, a herbal prescription for obesity treatment, is composed of seven crude herbs such as Ephedrae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix, Typhae Pollen, Armeniacae Semen, Nelumbo Folium. This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in n-butanol fraction (SH-21-B) from Gami-Samhwang-San by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). And we predicted inhibition activity of major compounds of Gami-Samhwang-San using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) Methods: The separation was performed on a YMC J,sphere-H80 CI8(250${\times}$4.6 mm I.D) column by gradient elution with $H_3PO_4$ buffers in acetonitrile as the moblie phase at a flow-rate of 1.0ml/min. Results: HPLC was employed to determine the quantities and the qualities of several marker substances such as ephedrine, pseudoephedirne, baicalin, ${\beta}-asarone$, tenuifoliside, naringenin, amygdalin and hyperoside in the SH-21-B. Conclusion: We suggest this results could be a useful evidence for quality control of SH-21-B.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.683-696
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• 2000

To examine the blood lipids, muscle strength and flexibility at low back, and muscle strength in the knee joint, 44 women, who were diagnosed as chronic low back pain patients and aged between 40 to 50 years old, were recruited as the subjects. The women were divided into two groups: 1) body fat content less than 25% and 2) body fat content more than 30%. The results were: 1) No differences were found between two groups in blood lipids status. 2) The total cholesterol were less 3.78% in the normal group than the obese group. 3) The HDL-cholesterol were higher 4.85% in the normal group than the obese group. 4) The TG were less 13.1% in the normal group than the obese group. 5) No differences were found between two groups in muscle strength and flexibility 6) No differences were found between two groups in the peak torque of knee joint 7) The total work of the knee joints were higher in the normal group than the obese(P<.05). 8) The abdominal strength were higher 34.04% in the normal group than the obese group. 9) The flexibility of low back were higher 44.54% in the normal group than the obese group.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is that the protective effects of habmayou on acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in mice. Methods : Before administering AP mice supplied with only water were left alone for 18 hours. after concentration and dissolution in poly ethylglycol AP 400mg per 1kg of mouse weight, we injected AP titrated density with a physiological saline solution into the abdominal cavity of mouse to induce hepatotoxicity. we researched mortality rate and the shape of liver tissue of mouse. Results : Treatment with habmayou (250 mg/kg, p.o.) 0.5 h after AP administration significantly prevented an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and AP-induced hepatic necrosis, and also reduced AP-induced mortality from 46% to 0%. In addition, oral treatment with habmayou significantly prevented AP-induced depletion of glutathione (GSH) contents. However, habmayou treatment, by itself, did not affect hepatic GSH contents. Conclusion : These results show that the hepatoprotective effects of habmayou against AP overdose may be due to its ability to block the bioactivation of AP by regeneration of hepatonecrotic cells.