• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2000

Environmental biosensors and related techniques for monitoring organochlorines, endocrine disrupting chemicals and cyanobacterial toxins are described. The practical requirements for an ideal environmental biosensor are analyzed. Specific case studies for environmental applications are reported for triazines, chlorinated phenols, PCBs, microcystins, and endocrine disrupting chemicals. A new promising approach is reported for microcystins and alkylphenols that utilize electrooptical detection.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.829-838
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• 2005

In order to investigate the residual amounts of organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Korean human tissues (blood, adipose tissue, liver, kidney cortex, and lung), the samples were collected from the autopsied cadavers of 40 men and 40 women (from teens to seventies of age). ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\beta}-BHC,\;{\gamma}-BHC,\;{\delta}-BHC$, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldein, aldrin, and 7 marker PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) were determined in human tissues. The levels of organochlorines and PCB congeners indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. Positive correlations in terms of age were observed for the following cases: p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, ${\Sigma}-DDT$, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153, and ${\Sigma}-PCB$ in the adipose tissue, and p,p'-DDE in the lung. Concentration of these compounds showed a significant age-related increase. Accumulation of these compounds in aged people revealed that these compounds were more slowly eliminated in our environment and risk assessment was necessary for further proper action. Significant differences in the levels of PCBs between genders were found for PCB 118 in the adipose tissue and PCB 138 in the liver. Positive correlation coefficients between tissues were detected with p,p'-DDE and ${\beta}-BHC$.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

Trace organic contaminants in deep-sea sediments near Dokdo were analyzed. Total PAMs concentration ranged 14.8-314 ng/g dry weight and high molecular weight PAHs were dominant. The highest PAHs concentration was detected at A19 which located at Ulleung Basin. Most of organochlorines were under detection limit. Among the detected organochlorines, DDT compounds were dominant and followed by HCHs and HCB. Butyltin compounds and most of organophosphorus pesticides were not detected. Vertical distribution of PAHs showed typical sub-surface maximum and decreasing trends depending on depth. The highest PAHs concentration reached 454ng/g. Some organochlorines, DDT, HCH was detected and also showed decreasing trends. Other target organic pollutants were not detected in core sediments. Abnormally high level of PAHs concentration in A19 was discussed and the input sources were inferred to be the transport of sludge derived pollutant dumped at dumping site 'Byung' by deep current.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.811-817
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• 2006

We were carried out to monitor pesticide residues in herbal medicine. In Korea Pharmacy, these are no critics for pesticides except 5 kinds of organic chlorines (BHC, DDT, Aldrin, Endrin, Dieldrin) and heavy metals. We analysed 53 kinds of pesticides consisted of 14 kinds of organochlorines, 20 kinds of organophosphoruses, and 19 kinds of pesticides estimated endocrine disruptor on 373 samples consisted with 30kinds of herbal medicine. In this study, Domestic, Chinese and Japanese herbal medicines were tested with GC/ECD, GC/NPD and then confirmed with GC/MSD. Recoveries were 75$\sim$l10% in ECD detector and 76$\sim$97% in NPD detector. Detection limits were 0.004$\sim$0.064ppm in ECD detector and 0.006$\sim$0.094ppm in NPD detector. Organochlorines and others were not detected in samples.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2002

Persistent organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used intensively in agriculture or industry for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chain, resulting in the intake of these compounds by man and animal. The measure of the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in tissues or blood of human populations are good markers in determining the extent of exposure and in the evaluating the hazards. So, most countriess have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in human tissues. But a few report has been presented in Korea. In this study, $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldein, aldrin and 7 marker PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined in human blood, adipose tissue and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 13-79 year of age. Significant differences in the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs between districts where they had lived were found in the following chemicals: total PCB in the blood : $\beta$-BHC, total BHC, p,p'-DDE and total DDT in the adipose tissue : p,p'-DDE, total DDT and PCB 118 in the liver. No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs between sexes and ages. Though the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were relatively lower than that of other countries, we could know that organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have been widely distributed in Korean human body.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 1999

A multiresidue method(MRM) for pesticides must be rapid and must test a wide variety of pesticides at relevant toxicological concentrations. In this study, three kinds of major analytical methods such as Korean Food Code Method, CDFA MRM, and Holstege's method are tested to compare the average recoveries, solvent consumption, and required time for the analysis of 18 organochlorines, 18 organophosphates, and 6 carbamates in spinach samples. Samples for pesticides analysis were extracted and cleaned up according to the respective methods and detected by gas chromatography with selective detectors, ECD and NPD, HPLC with postcolumn reaction system(PCRS). Average recovery of 42 pesticides by Korean Food Code method, CDFA method, and Holstege's method were 91.3%, 88.1%, 89.0%, respectively. Amount of solvent consumption and required time for the analysis of Korean Food Code method were from two and a half times to three times as much as those of another two methods. For the development and legal application of more rapid and effective MRMs, prolonged study is necessary.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2013

Worldwide there is concern about the continuing release of a broad range of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other halogenated organochlorines persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment. They are condemned for health adverse effects such as cancer, reproductive defects, neurobehavioral abnormalities, endocrine and immunological toxicity. These effects can be elicited via a number of mechanisms among others include disruption of endocrine system, oxidation stress and epigenetic. However, most of the mechanisms are not clear, thus several number of studies are ongoing trying to elucidate them in order to protect the public by reducing these adverse effects. In this review, we briefly limited review the process, the impacts, and the potential mechanisms of dioxin/dioxin like compound, particularly, their possible roles in adverse developmental and reproductive processes, diseases, and gene expression and associated molecular pathways in cells.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2001

Persistent organochlorine pesticides has been used intensively in agriculture for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chains, results in the intake of these compounds by human and animal. The measurement of the levels of organochlorine pesticides in tissues or blood of human populations is a good marker in evaluating the extent of exposure and hazards. So, most countries have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues. But, in Korea, a few research has been reported. In this study, the legally prohibited organochlorines, such as, $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldrin and aldrin were determined in human blood, brain, adipose tissue, kidney cortex and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 16~65 years of age. Almost all the organochlorine pesticides mentioned previously were determined in human tissue samples indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides between sexes, districts and ages.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.283.2-283.2
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• 2002

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used intensively in agriculture and industry for a long time. They belong to a group of contaminants whose occurrence in the environment is a serious concern to environmental chemists and toxicologists due to their resistance to degradation in the environment as well as their potential toxicity. Also. the lipophilic characteristics of these substances are responsible for their ability to bioaccumulate in tissues and organs rich in lipids of men and animals through food chain. Therefore, the measure of the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in human tissues are good markers in detemining the extent to exposure and evaluating the hazards. This study was preformed to compare concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(${\alpha}-BHC, {\beta}-BHC, {\gamma}-BHC, {\delta}-BHC$, p.p'-DDT,p.p'-DDD,p.p.'-DDE. endrin. dieldrin. aldrin) and seven marker PCBs(PCB nos. 28. 52. 101. 118. 138. 153. 180) in liver. kidney cortex, lung blood and adipose tissue collected at autopsies of 10men and 10 women using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector to express the data on a lipid adjusted basis. From the results, the significant differences in the levels of organochlorines of PCBs between sexes, districts where they had lived and ages were also investigated.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

본 연구는 식품위생법과 약사법으로 관리 되고 있는 한방차 원료의 잔류농약 오염실태를 비교 조사하고자, 다성분 둥시분석법으로 총149건을 검사하였다. GC-ECD 와 GC-NPD를 이용하여 잔류농약을 검사한 결과 22건에서 24종의 농약 성분이 검출되었으며, 농산물에서 검출률은 20.3%, 한약재에서 검출률은 8.6%로 의약품 관리대상인 한약재보다 식품공전 규제대상인 농산물에서 검출률이 높았다. 주요 검출 품목은 구기자와 대추로, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, hexaconazole 등 다양한 성분의 농약이 검출되었으며, 그밖의 천궁, 길경, 산수유, 감국, 황기 등에서 농약이 검출되었다. 검출 농약의 대부분은 유기인계(29.2%)였으며, 피레스로이드계(16.7%), 유기염소계(12.5%) 순으로 나타났다. 검출된 농약의 농도는 모두 기준 이하였으며, 식품공전 및 생약 등의 잔류오염물질 기준 적용이 가능하였다. 반면, 산수유, 천궁에서 다수의 농약이 다량 검출되었으나 천궁의 chlorfenapyr만이 0.05 mg/kg 기준이 설정되어 있고 나머지 성분은 가공계수적용 등의 문제로 기준 적용이 어려웠다.