• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.345-354
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• 2005

From the 20th century, as international trade increases with the development of transportation and industries, a standard pictorial language to facilitate exchanges with others in different countries became necessary. However, it is not easy to have a full agreement on a standard pictorial language among different cultures. Therefore, the evaluation of standard pictograms has been the main discussion issue of the 150 since the organization's establishment in 1947. Although the 150 has a test method, 1509186, the participating countries do not follow the test because it does not reflect individual seeing mechanism for decoding pictogram which varies with his/her own experience. This study focuses on the theory of graphic symbol and seeing mechanism, and suggests what should be taken into account in the standardization process. In Chapter 2, the study investigates whether there be any cultural shock as we live in the net culture, and defines what reality is from a digital aesthetics view. What should be studied further is also presented, and a new method for revised international standard by means of analyzing seeing mechanism of decoding pictogram is suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2124-2128
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• 2010

In this study, we determined effects of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, U0126 on meiotic maturation, microtubule organization and actin filament assembly in the porcine oocyte. The phosphorylated MAPK was first detected at 12 h after the initiation of maturation cultures, fully activated at 24h, and remained until metaphase II. Treatment of germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes with $20{\mu}M$ U0126 completely blocked MAPK phosphorylation, but germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was normally proceeded. However, the oocytes didn‘t progress to the metaphase I. The inhibition of MAPK resulted in abnormal spindles. In oocytes treated with U0126 after GVBD, polar body extrusion was normal, but the organization of the metaphase plate and chromosome segregation were abnormal. In conclusion, MAPK activity plays an important regulatory role in GV chromatin configuration and meiotic progress in porcine oocyte maturation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.130-136
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• 1998

The stepping stone of the study is provided through understanding the transformation of the cultural value with the paradigm shift at the turning point of late 20th century and examining the cultural relationaship between the East and the West. By researching the oriental and occidental culture in terms of the origin formation relation and differences which should be divided into broad branches that is natural ideological formative and spatial aspects and so forth. This paper makes it possible to understand the fundamental differences and relativities between two divergent cultures by way of analyzing the architecture in plastic and cognitive aspects to residential space. this study intends to elucidate common traits of korean traditional architecture and that of the Occident and the discrepancies of their attitudes toward nature and space. In Western civilization they used to consider architecture as a physical organization while the oriental people consider it a object what is so of itself. The former concentrated on the functional rationality of scientific technology with the uncontextual propensity which does not consider natural environment the latter could reach the naturalness more harmonious to environment. What counts in the upcoming age of coexistence of Globalism that emphasizes the worlds universality and Nationalism that sticks to local cultural characteristics is to establish the new value system and identity based upon natural order and organic quality. As a result we could recognize the organic quality as a cosmic order could be a valid means to achieve the globalization of our culture through the compatibility between gap and common ground of both cultural sphere.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.13.1-13.11
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• 2014

Objectives This study examined variations in the perceptions of dioxin risk among social groups defined by geographical living location, environmental education, and occupation. Dioxin risk perceptions were analyzed according to values, risk awareness, knowledge, and behavioral preferences. Methods A quasi-experimental survey was designed and conducted on individuals from seven experimental groups in Jeonju city, South Korea, including: people living near incineration facilities; people living far from incineration facilities; governmental experts; non-governmental organization members; office workers in developmental institutes or banks; students who were enrolled in environmental-related classes; and students who were enrolled in business-related classes. Results The results show variations among groups in values, awareness and behavioral preferences. Particular attention should be given to the result that groups with higher connectedness-to-nature values show higher willingness-to-act (WTA) for risk reduction. Result s can be summarized as follows. First, awareness is associated with one's geographical setting. Second, values and WTA behaviors are related to one's environmental-related education and occupation. Third, values are significantly related to WTA behaviors. Conclusions Different cultures, in terms of values or worldview, among groups influence their perceptions of dioxin risk and choices of risk reduction behaviors. It is important to consider values in communicating complicated long-term risk management involving public participation. Further research should be continuously conducted on the effects of multiple dimensions of values on one's WTA for risk reduction behaviors.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.84-86
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• 2008

The Tetrahymena group I intron has been shown to employ a trans-splicing reaction and has been modified to specifically target and replace human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA with a suicide gene transcript, resulting in the induction of selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells that express the target RNA, in animal models as well as in cell cultures. In this study, we evaluated the target RNA specificity of trans-splicing phenomena by the group I intron in mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated with hTERT-expressing human cancer cells to validate the anti-cancer therapeutic applicability of the group I intron. To this end, an adenoviral vector that encoded for the hTERT-targeting group I intron was constructed and systemically injected into the animal. 5'-end RACE-PCR and sequencing analyses of the trans-spliced cDNA clones revealed that all of the analyzed products in the tumor tissue of the virus-infected mice resulted from reactions that were generated only with the targeted hTERT RNA. This study implies the in vivo target specificity of the trans-splicing group I intron and hence suggests that RNA replacement via a trans-splicing reaction by the group I intron is a potent anti-cancer genetic approach.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1499-1506
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• 2012

Animal welfare has become a growing concern affecting acceptability of agricultural systems in many countries around the world. An earlier Judeo-Christian interpretation of the Bible (1982) that dominion over animals meant that any degree of exploitation was acceptable has changed for most people to mean that each person has responsibility for animal welfare. This view was evident in some ancient Greek writings and has parallels in Islamic teaching. A minority view of Christians, which is a widespread view of Jains, Buddhists and many Hindus, is that animals should not be used by humans as food or for other purposes. The commonest philosophical positions now, concerning how animals should be treated, are a blend of deontological and utilitarian approaches. Most people think that extremes of poor welfare in animals are unacceptable and that those who keep animals should strive for good welfare. Hence animal welfare science, which allows the evaluation of welfare, has developed rapidly.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nursing organizational culture and head nurse's leadership on the job satisfaction. Methods : For the purpose, a structured questionnaire was conducted. The subjects were 232 nurses who were working in the 2 general hospitals. The data were collected from Sep. 1 to Sep. 20 of 2006. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and multiple regression. Results : The dominant organizational culture of nursing organization was rank-oriented culture. The mean score of head nurse's transformational leadership and transactional leadership was 3.20 and 2.79 respectively. The best group of job satisfaction was affiliative-oriented culture group(3.31). The score of job satisfaction of transformational leadership's group was higher than that of transactional leadership's group. Job satisfaction was positively correlated with affiliative-oriented culture, innovative-oriented culture, task-oriented culture, and transformational leadership. Concerning of the job satisfaction, affiliative-oriented culture, rotation time and age explained 25.7%. Conclusion : The organizational culture and head nurse's leadership was correlated with job satisfaction. Especially affiliative-oriented culture and task-oriented culture influenced the job satisfaction. Based on the results, further development should be continued to develop the effective head nurse's leadership and organizational culture to improve the job satisfaction of nurses.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations are a potpourri of diverse religions, races and cultures with rich natural and cultural heritage but yet to tap the full potential of tourism. An investigation into the glorifying heritage of these eight SAARC nations pinpoints towards their rich food and culinary heritage that is yet to be explored to carve them as food destinations that would definitely help ameliorating tourism too. The Global Report on Food Tourism of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reveals results from a survey on food tourism marketing promotion, from which internet marketing tools, such as websites have been effectively utilized to promote food tourism in a particular destination. (UNWTO, 2012). Sensing the importance of the websites in the promotion of food tourism for any destination, the present study aims at the comparative content analysis of the official tourism websites of SAARC nations to evaluate their performance from the perspective of promotion of culinary heritage on world -wide web. The modified Balanced ScoreCard (BSC) approach is incorporated into the evaluation by taking into consideration four perspectives: technical, user friendliness and site attractiveness, tourism effectiveness and food tourism effectiveness. A set of 88 critical success factors representing these four perspectives is then used to examine the websites. The study reflects on the relative strength and weakness of the tourism websites of SAARC nations in promoting food tourism and as well help suggesting the remedial measures catalyzing the food tourism promotion through websites.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.437-443
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• 2009

Generally speaking, the uniqueness of Korea for the high-speed railway rolling-stock is mainly perceived through the travel over the high-speed electric railway by passengers, which consists of the organization of space in the coach and its interior design. For such purpose, it is necessary to build a series of independent cultures with high-speed railway i.e. to have the development of design technologies oriented to harmonizing human beings, their society and culture with the systematic integration of production technologies to support the culture and its substructure foundation which constitute the frame of superstructure in the society, by defining the relationships with travelers on the high-speed railway as well as enhancing the comfort and convenience of high-speed railway through drawing up the development of links with the systematic integration among lines of technologies on the basis of 'User Train Interface. This thesis aims at introducing the study carried out to build the evaluation standards of performance outputs for 'HEMU-400X rolling-stock Design' derived from the performance for the first year in the research 'Development of Technologies for the Next-Generation High-Speed Railway' as part of "Development Project for the Future Railway Technologies" from 2007.