• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2007

The photodegradation and by-products of the gaseous toluene with $TiO_2$ (P25) and short-wavelength UV ($UV_{254+185nm}$) radiation were studied. The toluene was decomposed and mineralized efficiently owed to the synergistic effect of photochemical oxidation in the gas phase and photocatalytic oxidation on the $TiO_2$ surface. The toluene by the $UV_{254+185nm}$ photoirradiated $TiO_2$ were mainly mineralized $CO_2$ and CO, but some water-soluble organic intermediates were also formed under severe reaction conditions. The ozone and secondary organic aerosol were produced as undesirable by-products. It was found that wet scrubber was useful as post-treatment to remove water-soluble organic intermediates. Excess ozone could be easily removed by means of a $MnO_2$ ozone-decomposition catalyst. It was also observed that the $MnO_2$ catalyst could decompose organic compounds by using oxygen reactive species formed in process of ozone decomposition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.177-180
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• 1995

In horseradish peroxidase-catalyzing polymerization of phenol under the water/dioxane solvent system, the optimal concentration of hydrogen peroxide was found to be 10 mmol/I. Feeding of hydrogen peroxide at its optimal concentration improved the polymerization performance by reducing reaction time and increasing molecular weights. Monomer conversions and the molecular weights of the enzymatically produced polymer were in the ranges of 83.1~94.2$%$ and 58000~68000, respectively.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 염소류 산화물질 가운데 가장 반응성이 크고 인체에 무해하며 트리할로메탄 등 독성물질 생성의 염려가 없는 차아염소산수를 이용하여 수족관 해양 동물의 사육수내 존재하는 암모니아의 제거를 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 암모니아 제거에 필요한 차아염소산수 용액의 주입농도는 시료 내 암모니아 농도에 따라 달라졌으며, 차아염소산수대 암모니아의 농도비율이 8.5 ~ 9.0에서 30분간 반응시 약 90%의 제거효율을 보였고, 농도비율이 9.8 ~ 10.1에서 100% 제거되는 것으로 나타났다. 반응시간에 따른 제거효율은 농도비율 9.0 ~ 10.0대에서 대부분 10분내에 90%이상을 제거하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 해수 내 암모니아 제거를 위한 적정 차아염소산수의 주입농도와 비율, 반응시간 등을 선정하여 수질을 정화함으로써 대형수족관내 해양생물들의 보호 및 관리에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

A selected halogenated organic contaminant, monochlorophenol was successfully degraded by photocatalytic reaction in a circulating batch system. The photocatalytic degradation in most cases follows first-order kinetics. The photocatalytic reaction rate increased in the $TiO_2$ dosage range of 0.1 g/L to 0.4 g/L, then decreased with further increase of the dosage. Also the degradation rate increased over the range of the retention time from 0.49 min. to 0.94 min., then decreased with further increase of the retention time in the circulating batch reactor. The photocatalytic activity was enhanced by addition of metal impurities, platinum(Pt) and palladium(Pd) onto the photocatalysts. The photocatalytic degradation rate increased with the increase of Pt and Pd in the content range of 0 to 2wt %, then decreased with further increase of the metal contents. Therefore the metal loading to $TiO_2$ influence the degradation rate of a halogenated organic compound by acting as electron traps, consequently reducing the electron/positive hole pair recombination rate.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2017

Water and wastewater treatment has always been a challenging task due to the continuous increase in amount and the change in characteristics of the poorly biodegradable and highly colored organic matters, as well as harmful micro-organisms. Advanced techniques are therefore required to successfully remove these pollutants from water before reuse or discharge to receiving water bodies. Application of ozone, which is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant, alone or as part of advanced oxidation process depends on the complex kinetic reactions and the mass transfer of ozone involved. Micro- and nano bubbling considerably improves gas dissolution compared to conventional bubbles and hence mass transfer. It can also intensify generation of hydroxyl radical due to collapse of the bubbles, which in turn facilitates oxidation reaction under both alkaline as well as acidic conditions. This review gives the overview of application of micro- and nano bubble ozonation for purification of water and wastewater. The drawbacks of previously considered techniques and the application of the hydrodynamic ozonation to synthetic aqueous solutions and various industrial wastewaters are systematically reviewed.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

$\alpha$-Amylase 의 당전이반응에 의해 가용성전분으로부터 benzylalcohol-$\alpha$-glucoside(BG)를 합성하였다. 이 때 glycosyl 기의 공여체인 가용성전분 1%, glycosyl 기의 수용체인 benzylalcohol 90%, pH 5.0의 0.1M citrate 완충액 10%, Aspergillus oryzae 유래의 $\alpha$-amylase 10 unit를 함유하는 이상계(water-organic two phase )에서 당전이반응이 가장 효율적으로 일어났으며, $40^{\circ}C$, 80시간 정도의 반응에서 전문 10mg 으로부터 약 4mg 의 BG가 합성되었다. 합성초기에는 benzylalcohol-$\alpha$-maltoside(BM) 가 주로 생산되었다가 반응시간이 경과함에 따라 이는 가수분해되고 최종적으로는 BG 만이 생성되었다. 합성물질은 모두 환원력이 없고 $\alpha$-glucosidase 에 의해 가수분해되었드며 ESI-Mass 에 의해 분자량이 각각 270, 432로 측정되어 그 구조가 BG, BM 임을 확인하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

본 연구에서 목적은 열가수분해 반응기에 최적설계를 위해 반응온도에 따른 도계폐기물의 열전도도를 정량하는 것이다. 이에 반응온도에 따른 탈수슬러지의 열전도도를 연속적으로 정량한 결과, 반응온도가 증가할수록 열가수분해 반응에 의한 고온, 고압에 의해 슬러지가 열적으로 가용화된다. 따라서, 슬러지 세포내에 결합수가 자유수로 용출되어 고상의 탈수슬러지가 액상의 슬러리로 상태가 변화된다. 그 결과 반응초기인 반응온도 $20^{\circ}C$에서 도계슬러지에 열전도도가 물에 비해 2.11배정도 낮지만 $200^{\circ}C$에서는 도계슬러지의 열전도도가 $0.677W/m{\cdot}^{\circ}C$로 물과 유사하다. 따라서 열가수분해에 의한 슬러지의 물리적 특성변화는 열전달 효율에 매우 중요한 인자임을 확인하였고, 열가수분해반응기 최적 설계를 위한 경계조건으로 실험 측정값과 일치도가 99.69%인 반응온도에 따른 열전도도 함수를 도출하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2002

In this research an organic cation, [TEACOOH] Br, with a long alkyl chain was synthesized which will replace the metal ion between the layers of Na-Montmorillonite and an organophilic [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex was formed by the cation exchange reaction between the Na-Montmorillonite and the synthesized [TEACOOH] Br. After drying of this intercalations complex in high vacuum we have tried to experiment on the probability whether it will form complexes with various swelling solutions such as dist. water, methano, ethanol, toluene, acetonitrile and propionitrile and the corresponding basal sp acings measured were $17.41{\AA}$, $31.90{AA}$, $34.42{AA}$, $30.52{AA}$ and $32.36{AA}$, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

Laboratory studies were carried out to find out the characteristics of humic acid treatment by activated carbon and ionized gas, In order to increase oxidation power of ionized gas for treating organic matter, we used granular activated carbon. By using $UV_{254}$, easy analysis method, we calculated humic acid concentration and $SCOD_{cr}$ concentration. For an initial concentration of humic acid, 10, 50 and 100ppm, the reaction rate constant by $UV_{254}$ was $8.98{\times}10^{-3}$/min, $5.62{\times}10^{-3}$/min and $4.8{\times}10^{-3}$/min respectively due to the same flow rate of ionized gas. When we added activated carbon to the ionized gas for humic acid treatment, the reaction rate constant increased in 4.13, 3.65 and 3.15 times. So, by using activated carbon in treating humic acid by ionized gas, oxidation power of organic matter by ionized gas was increased. The hydrophobic fraction constitutes 98% of organic matter for humic acid at the beginning. After the treatment using ionized gas for humic acid, the hydrophobic fraction decreased by 63~65% and the hydrophilic one increased by 35~37%. So, it was proved that the treatment increased the hydrophilic fraction in organic matter.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Accumulated Phosphate can be released by ligand exchange reaction of organic acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the organic acids on the availability of phosphate and the growth of crop in phosphate and salts accumulated soil. Soil samples were collected from farmer's plastic film house. Available phosphate and electrical conductivity of soil were $3,005mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $16.63mg\;kg^{-1}$ which were 6 and 8 times higher than the optimum range of soil for crop growth, respectively. Corns were cultivated in pots for 2 months. Treatments were no treatment (control), phosphate fertilizer (P), citric acid (CA) 1, 5, 10 mM, and oxalic acid (OA) 1, 5, 10 mM. Water soluble phosphorus, available phosphate, corn growth and uptake were determined after cultivation. Results showed that organic acids increased water soluble phosphorus and available phosphate. For the level of 10 mM, the order of effectiveness of organic acids for water soluble P was citric acid (44%) > oxalic acid (32%). Height and dry weight of corns were increased significantly by the treatment of citric acid 1 and 5 mM. Also, corn absorbed more phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the treatment of citric acid 1 mM than these of other treatments. Even though phosphate availability of soil was enhanced by addition of citric acid 10 mM, the growth of corns decreased because high concentration of citric acid caused salt damage by increasement of electrical conductivity. Thus, the citric acid of 1 mM has the potential to improve the availability of phosphate and the healthy growth of corns.