• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 하수슬러지, 돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액을 단독 또는 혼합 주입한 회분식 혐기성 소화를 수행하여 바이오가스 생산 및 유기물 저감 효율 비교 평가를 통해 병합소화의 타당성을 검토하였다. 타당성 검토 대상은 M시에서 발생하는 하수슬러지 178 톤/일, 돈분뇨 해양 투기량 및 축산폐수처리장 유입량 150 톤/일, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액 소각량 8톤/일이다. 유기성 폐기물 별 혐기성 소화 특성을 회분식 실험을 통해 고찰한 결과, 검토된 보조기질(돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액)이 메탄수율, 메탄 생산성, 유기물 제거 효율 측면에서 하수슬러지에 비해 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 하수슬러지, 돈분뇨, 음식물쓰레기 탈리액의 병합 소화를 수행한 결과, 대상 유기성 폐기물 전량을 하수처리장 소화조로 투입하는 경우, 하수슬러지 단독 소화 대비, 5.6 배$(530\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d\;{\rightarrow}\;2,968\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d)$ 높은 메탄생산 잠재량을 보일 것으로 나타났다. 다만 소화조 유출수가 기존에 비해 1.88 배 증가하고, 유출수 내 오염물질 부하(COD, T-N, T-P)가 3.79-4.92배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 병합소화는 하수처리장 에너지 자립화에 큰 기여를 할 수 있으나, 적용 시 하수처리장으로의 반송 등 소화조 유출수 처리 방안의 확보 방안이 함께 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using ozonation. for raw water, Nakdong River was used. By conducting batch ozonation test, the following results were obtained. when ozone dosage of 5mg/$\ell$was used, preozonation of raw water reduced turbidity, KMnO$_4$consumption, DOC(dissolved organic carbon), UV254 absorbance, THMFP(trihalomethane formation potential) as much as 3.9NTU, 5.5mg/$\ell$, 1.15mg/$\ell$, 0.112 and 0.065mg/$\ell$, respectively. In case of postozonation of sand filtered water, water quality was also improved with decrease in turbidity, KMnO$_4$consumption, DOC, UV254 absorbance and THMFP at the amount of 0.08NTU, 2.6mg/$\ell$, 0.88mg/$\ell$, 0.042 and 0.018mg/$\ell$, respectively. On the other hand, contents of dissolved oxygen increased at the level of 1.3mg/$\ell$ after preozonation process and 1.0mg/$\ell$ after postozonation process. The effect of ozone dosage was higher than that of its contact time for the removal of the pollutants.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2016

Constructed wetlands are established efficient technologies and provide sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Similarly, biochar, which is an organic material, produced by means of pyrolysis, offers simple and low cost techniques to treat water and reduce carbon footprint. Combining both of these technologies can greatly augment the efficiency of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of constructed wetlands by using biochar as media. Horizontal wetland beds with dimension ($1m{\times}0.33m{\times}0.3m$) were prepared using gravels and biochar, and cultivated with the Canna species. Synthetic wastewater was passed through these beds with average flow rate of $1.2{\times}10^{-7}m^3/sec$ achieving a retention time of three days. Pollutant removal performance was compared between the controlled and experimental wetland beds. This study reveals that the wetland with biochar were more efficient as compared to the wetland with gravels alone with average removal rate of 91.3% COD, 58.3% TN, 58.3% $NH_3$, 92% $NO_3-N$, 79.5% TP, and 67.7% $PO_4$.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2006

The Ozone oxidation process was applied to increase the efficiency of reuse process when treating the secondary effluent by the membrane system. This paper focus on decreasing efficiency of membrane fouling, because of membrane fouling reduction by ozone and evaluation of application of the ozone oxidation. The feed water was secondary effluent from BNR process. The result shows that the ozone pretreatment can reduce membrane fouling effectively. Also, the improvement of treated water quality was obvious. The reduction of the membrane fouling led decrease of following pollutant and increase of lnner adsorptive ability of hydrophilic organic matter and decrease of molecular weight. MF membrane process alone can meet the domestic reuse water standards. And ozone pretreatment process also can increase the removal rates of turbidity, COD, nitrogen, and color.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2021

Milking parlor wastewater contains high concentration suspended solid (SS), nitrogen, and/or phosphate as well as organic compounds. A new biological wastewater process by magnetic separation, magnetic activated sludge (MAS) process, was applied to milking parlor wastewater treatment process. A three step wastewater treatment process of coagulation sedimentation / ammonia stripping (C/S), magnetic activated sludge process and contact oxidation (CO) was proposed for removal of these pollutants. First step, C/S process recovered 96% TN and 96% PO₄^3--P as resource for fertilizer from the wastewater. 81% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in wastewater was removed after MAS process. As a results, all pollutant concentrations satisfied Japanese effluent standards. Most of residual BOD and SS were removed by the CO process. It was estimated that the proposed process could reduce the process space to 1/7.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.242-249
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• 1998

The engineering aspect of water treatment processes in the recirculating aquaculture system was studied. To recycle the water in the aquaculture system, a wastewater treatment process was required to maintain high water quality for the growth and health of the cultured fish. In this study, three different biofilm processes were used to reduce the concentration of organic matters and ammonia from the recirculating water - two phase fluidized bed, three phase fluidized bed, and trickling filter. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the optimum treatment conditions of the biofilm processes for the recirculating aquaculture system, and thereby reduce the volume of biofilm processes, which are commonly used for the recycle water treatment processes for aquaculture. The result of this study showed that the removal efficiency of organic matters by trickling filter was found to be lower than that of the fluidized bed. In the trickling filter system, anthracite showed better organic removal efficiency than crushed stone as a media. In the two phase fluidized bed, the maximum removal efficiency of either organics or ammonia was obtained when both the packing rate of media was maintained to $40\%$ of total reactor depth excepting sediment zone and the bed expansion rate was maintained to $100\%$. When 100 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of each average 200g was reared, the pollutant production rate was 0.07g $NH_4\;^+-N/kg$ fish/day and 0.06g P04-3-P/kg fish/day, and sludge production rate was 0.39 g SS/kg fish/day. In the two phase and three phase fluidized bed, the volume of water treatment tank could be calculated from an empirical equation by using the relationship between the influent COD to $NH_4\;^+-N$ ratio (C/N, -), media concentration (Cm, g/L), influent ammonia nitrogen concentration (Ni, mg/L), effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration (Ne, mg/L), bed expansion rate $(E,\;\%)$, and influent flowrate $(Q,\;m^3/hr)$. The empirical equation from this study is $$V_2\;=\;10^{3.1279}\;C/N^{3.5461}\;C_m\;^{-3.7473}\;N_i\;^{4.6477}\;E^{0.0326}\;N_e\;^{-0..8849}\;Q\;(Two\;Phase\;FB) V_3\;=\;10^{11.7507}\;C/N^{-1.2330}\;C_m\;^{-6.5715}\;N_i\;^{1.5091}\;N_e\;^{-1.8489}\;Q (Three\;Phase\;FB)$$

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.975-983
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• 2008

다공매질을 이용한 여과에서 오염물은 바깥 부위에서 활발히 제거된다는 점을 고려하여, 새로운 여과장치인 폴리에스터 재질의 원통형 다공매질을 고안하여 이 장치가 호소수에서 오염을 제거할 수 있는지 경산시의 삼천지에서 실험하였다. 원수에 포함된 유기오염물은 여재에 포획된 후 시간을 두고 미생물에 의해 분해되는 것을 알 수 있었고, 오염물질 제거효율은 탁월하여 COD$_{Cr}$ 19$\sim$27%, COD$_{Mn}$ 37$\sim$43%, BOD$_5$ 67$\sim$81%, SS 99% 이상, 탁도 93% 등이었다. 본 연구로부터 이 장치가 호소의 수질개선책의 일환으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 습지에 널리 적용되는 혼합토양이나 자갈여재 대신 공극율이 90% 이상으로 매우 커서 공극폐색의 염려가 적은 합성섬유를 대체여재로 적용한 수직 흐름형 컬럼습지를 제작하여 서로 다른 수리학적 체류시간, 내부순환빈도 및 오염 부하량 조건에서 축산지역 인공 강우유출수 처리시험을 수행하였다. 모든 습지에서 TSS 제거효율은 94~96%, COD 68~73%, TN 35~58% 이었다. 체류시간 등의 운전인자가 TSS와 COD 제거에 미치는 영향은 미미하였다. 그러나 질소의 경우 부하량과 체류시간, 내부순환빈도가 증가할수록 효율이 증가하였다. 특히 운전기간 동안 합성섬유의 생물학적 분해작용으로 인하여 유기물질이 다량 용출되었으며 탈질을 위한 내부공급 탄소원으로 기여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 용출기간은 40일 정도 지속되었으므로 그 효과는 매우 제한적이었다. 습지 내부충진 여재로서 합성섬유가 갖는 장점은 가벼우므로 구조체의 시공에 소요되는 비용을 저감할 수 있고, 비표면적이 크고 습지수명을 연장할 수 있다는 점이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.64-78
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 염분이 높은 단무지폐수를 대상으로 새로운 침지형 막분리 장치를 제작하고 기존의 소수성이 강한 폴리에틸렌 재질의 비개질 분리막과 이 소수성 분리막에 이온빔을 조사하여 친수성을 높여준 표면개질 분리막을 사용한 성능실험에서 시간에 따른 플럭스(flux)와 압력 변화, 유기물과 부유물질, 영양염류 등 오염물질의 제거 특성을 알아보았다. 간헐식 비개질막을 사용한 실험 결과, 합성폐수와는 달리 실제폐수에서는 투과 압력이 급격히 증가하여 심한 파울링(fouling) 현상이 일어남을 알 수 있으며 이는 실제폐수에 존재하는 첨가제 등 고분자물질과 염분에 의한 영향으로 추정된다. 약품세정 후의 막과 물세정 후의 막의 압력과 플럭스 변화 실험에서 오염된 막을 재생하기 위해 약품세정이 반드시 필요하며 막 운전시 연속식보다는 간헐식으로 운전하는 것이 성능이 더 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 개질막의 경우가 비개질막의 경우보다 파울링에 도달하는 시간이 약 6배가 크므로 개질막의 경우가 막의 교체 비용을 1/6로 줄일 수 있다. 표면개질 분리막과 비개질 분리막 모두 처리수는 대체로 양호한 수질을 나타내고 있으며 특히 SS 제거, 질소 및 인 제거에도 탁월한 성능을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1627-1634
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• 2014

Odor control technology include absorption, adsorption, incineration and biological treatments. But, most of processes have some problems such as secondary organic acids discharge at the final odor treatment facility. In order to solve the problems for effective treatment of organic acids in odor, it is necessary to develop a new type advanced odor control technology. Some of the technology are plasma only process and plasma hybrid process as key process of the advanced technology. In this study, odor removal performance was compared DBD(Dielectric Barrier Discharge)plasma process with PCHP(plasma catalysis hybrid process) by gaseous ammonia, formaldehyde and acetic acid. Plasma only process by acetic acid obtained higher treatment efficiency above 90%, and PCHP reached its efficiency up to 96%. Acetic acid is relatively easy pollutant to control its concentration other than sulfur and nitrogen odor compounds, because it has tendency to react with water quickly. To test of the performance of DBD plasma process by applied voltage, the tests were conducted to find the dependence of experimental conditions of the applied voltage at 13 kV and 15 kV separately. With an applied voltage at 15 kV, the treatment efficiency was achieved to more higher than 13 kV from 83% to 99% on ammonia, formaldehyde and acetic acid. It seems to the odor treatment efficiency depends on the applied voltage, temperature, humidity and chemical bonding of odors.