• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.236-239
• /
• 2019

In this work, we performed an optical simulation study on the performance of a PMDPP3T:PCBM based on an organic photovoltaic (PV) device. The virtual PV device was developed in Lumerical, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solutions. Different layers of the PV cell have been defined through the incorporation of complex refractive index value of those layers' constituent materials. During the simulation study, the effect of the variation active layer thickness on an ideal short circuit current density ($J_{sc,ideal}$) of the PV cell has been, first, observed. Thereafter, we have investigated the impact of surface roughness of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode on $J_{sc,ideal}$ of the PV cells. From this simulation, it has been observed that the $J_{sc,ideal}$ value of the PV cell is strongly dependent on the thickness of its active layer and the photon absorption of the PV cell has gradually decreased with the increment of the TCO's surface roughness. As a result, the capability of the PV device has been reduced with the increment of the surface roughness of the TCO.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.364-368
• /
• 2021

We developed a highly efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell with a poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester active layer for harvesting lower-intensity indoor light energy to power various self-powered sensor systems that require power in the microwatt range. In order to achieve higher power conversion efficiency (PCE), we first optimized the thickness of the active layer of the OPV cell through optical simulations. Next, we fabricated an OPV cell with optimized active layer thickness. The device exhibited a PCE of 12.23%, open circuit voltage of 0.66 V, short-circuit current density of 97.7 ㎂/cm², and fill factor of 60.53%. Furthermore, the device showed a maximum power density of 45 ㎼/cm², which is suitable for powering a low-power (microwatt range) sensor system.

• Vacuum Magazine
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.4-11
• /
• 2015

During last two decades, remarkable progresses have been made in organic electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting device, organic photovoltaic and many other applied devices. Many of these progress are attributed to the multilayered/heterojunction device architectures, which could be achieved from the control of "interfacial energetics". In that sense, the interfacial electronic structures in organic electronic devices have a decisive role in device performance. However, the prediction of the interfacial electronic structures from each separate material is not trivial. Many complex phenomena occur at the interface and these can be only understood from thorough measurements on interfacial electronic structures in situ. Photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy have been known as the most proper measurement tools to analyze these interfacial electronic structures. In this review, the basic principles of (inverse) photoemission spectroscopy and typical measurement results on organic/inorganic interfaces are introduced.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 2016

$Cu_{1.8}Zn_{1.2}(Sn_{1-x}Ge_x)S_4$ (CZTGeS) nanocrystals were mechanochemically synthesized from elemental precursor powders without using any organic solvents and any additives. The composition of CZTGeS nanocrystals were systematically varied with different Ge mole fraction (x) from 0.1 to 0.9. The XRD, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution TEM, and diffuse reflectance studies show that the as-synthesized CZTGeS nanocrystals exhibited consistent changes in various structural and optical properties as a function of x, such as lattice parameters, wave numbers for $A_1$ Raman vibration mode, interplanar distances (d-spacing), and optical bandgap energies. The bandgap energy of the synthesized CZTGeS nanocrystals gradually increases from 1.40 to 1.61 eV with increasing x from 0.1 to 0.9, demonstrating that Ge-doping is useful means to tune the bandgap of mechanochemically synthesized nanocrystals-based kesterite thin-film solar cells. The preliminary solar cell performance is presented with an efficiency of 3.66%.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2017

$CuSbS_2$ (CAS) and $CuSbSe_2$ (CASe) nanocrystals (NCs), which consist of earth-abundant elements, were synthesized by a mechanochemical method. Elemental precursors such as copper, antimony, sulfur, and selenium were used without adding any organic solvents or additives. The NCs were synthesized by milling for a few hours. The sudden phase changes occurred by self-ignition and propagation, as previously observed in other mechanochemical synthetic processes. The XRD, Raman, and TEM analysis were carried out to determine the crystallinity and secondary phase of the as-synthesized CAS and CASe NCs, confirming the phase-pure synthesis of CAS and CASe. Optical properties were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and it was observed that the band gap energies were about 1.1 and 1.5 eV, respectively for CAS and CASe, suggesting the potential for the use as solar cell materials. The NC colloids dispersed in anhydrous ethanol were prepared and coated on Mo substrates by a facile doctor-blade method. The investigation on the solar cell properties of the as-synthesized materials is underway.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.466-466
• /
• 2008

최근 유가가 배럴당 120달러를 돌파하면서 많은 사람들에게 에너지 문제에 대한 경각심과 자원의 효율적 이용이라는 점에서 많은 생각을 하게 된다. 유기광기전소자는 실리콘 태양전지에 비해 낮은 전력 변환 효율(PCE)과 짧은 수명 등의 문제로 아직 많은 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 하지만 유연한 광기전소자의 제조나, 페인트 또는 프린트 형태의 광기전소자의 응용 등을 고려할 할 때 쉬운 제조공정, 저렴한 단가 등에서 실리콘 태양전지에 비해 많은 이점을 가지고 있어 많은 사람들의 관심을 끌고 있다. 유기광기전소자의 낮은 효율은 낮은 정공과 전자의 이동도에서 차이가 발생한다. 낮은 이동도는 정공과 전자로 분리되어 전극으로 이동해야 하는데, 정공과 전자의 이동을 고분자로 구성된 광흡수층에서 제한하기 때문에 다른 태양전지에 비해 낮은 전력변환효율을 보이고 있다. 이의 개선을 위해 온 연구에서는 높은 전기 전도도를 보이는 CNT와의 혼합을 통해 유기광기전소자의 전기전도도를 높여 효율의 향상을 꾀하였다. 그 결과, CNT를 혼합한 소자에서는 전류가 증가한 것을 알 수 있었으나, 전체적인 효율의 향상은 꾀하지 못하였다. 이는 소자의 Voc 값의 감소로 인한 것으로 해석된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 2004

CuPc와 $C_{60}$을 이용하여 ITO/CuPc/Al의 CuPc 단층구조와 $ITO/CuPc/C_{60}/Al$의 이종접합 구조에서의 광기전 특성을 연구하였다. CuPc 단층구조에서는 CuPc층의 두께를 10nm에서 50nm로 가변하여 전압-전류 특성을 측정한 결과 40nm 부근에서 최적화된 전기적인 특성이 나타났으며, $CUPC/C_{60}$의 이종접합 구조에서는 CuPc와 $C_{60}$의 두께 비율을 1 : 1 (20nm : 20nm), 1 : 2 (20nm : 40nm), 1 : 3 (20nm : 60nm)으로 가변하여 측정한 결과, 1 : 2의 두께비에서 최적화된 특성을 얻었다. 광원은 500W Xe lamp(ORIEL 66021)를 이용하였으며, 광원의 세기는 보정된 radiometer/photometer (International Inc. IL14004)와 Si-photodiode로 측정하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2010.02a
• /
• pp.310-310
• /
• 2010

Electronic and photovoltaic characteristics of two sensitizers (TA-BTD-CA and TA-BTD-St-CA), composed of a different $\pi$-conjugation in the linker group, have been investigated by theoretical and experimental methods. The electronic structure, transition dipole moment and oscillator strengths of two sensitizers have been scrutinized by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method. The LUMO level and the oscillator strength of TA-BTD-St-CA was higher than that of TA-BTD-CA, which may facilitate the electron injection process as well as increase the absorption coefficient. The relative efficiencies of the electron injection from the excited sensitizer to nanocrystalline TiO2 and SnO2 films have also been investigated by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The relative electron injection efficiency of TA-BTD-St-CA exhibited similar injection efficiency for two different semiconductors. However, in the case of TA-BTD-CA sensitizer, electron injection into SnO2 was approximately three times larger than that into TiO2. This enhancement of electron injection of TA-BTD-CA for the SnO2 is due to the increment of the driving force caused by positive shift of conduction band of semiconductor, which was also confirmed from the investigation for the photovoltaic characteristics according to the electrolyte additive, such as LiI additive.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.07b
• /
• pp.1079-1082
• /
• 2004

CuPc와 ZnPc를 이용하여 이종 접합 구조에서의 광기전 특성을 연구하였다. $CuPc/C_{60}$, $XnPc/C_{60}$의 이종 접합 구조에서 $C_{60}$의 접합 두께 비율을 1:1 (20nm:20nm), 1:2 (20nm:40nm), 1:3 (20nm:60nm)로 가변하여 두께와 물질에 따른 광기전 특성 및 엑시톤 억제층의 효과를 분석하였다. 광원은 500W Xe lamp를 이용하였으며, 광원의 세기는 보정된 radiometer/photometer와 Si-photodiode로 dark, 10, 25, 60, 80 그리고 100mW/$cm^2$로 주사하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.487-496
• /
• 2014

In this study, three kinds of polymers based on phenothiazine-benzothiadiazole were synthesized by a Suzuki coupling reaction, and the various side-chains were substituted at the nitrogen of phenothiazine. The optical and electrochemical properties of synthesized polymers were analyzed. The results indicate that their absorption ranged from 300 to 700 nm, and also confirmed the ideal highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level was about -5.4 eV with low band-gap energy. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated using a photoactive layer composed of a blended solution of the polymer and $PC_{71}BM$ in ortho-dichlorobenzene The device with P2HDPZ-bTP-OBT containing the branched side-chain and long chain showed the best performance; the maximum power conversion efficiency of this device was 2.4% (with $V_{OC}$ : 0.74 V, $J_{SC}$ : $6.9mA/cm^2$, FF : 48.0%).