• 약학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1992

Ths sorption and desorption properties of four different solid adsorbents were evaluated for the trace enrichment of diphenylhydantoin from biological samples. Graphitized carbon black(GCB) gave the highest adsorption coefficient. And among the organic solvents examined, methanol gave the highest desorption coefficient. Using the GCB column, the optimum elution volume of the eluting solvent was evaluated from the breakthrough curve of diphenylhydantoin. The usefulness of GCB as the solid adsorbent was examined for the solid-phase extraction of diphenylhydantoin from serum in the concentration range of $20-50\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2023

Isolation of pollutant-degrading bacteria is important in bioaugmentation, one of the methods for biological degradation of environmental contaminants. We focused on the magnetic activated sludge (MAS) process as a culture method that efficiently concentrates degrading bacteria, and cultured activated sludge with 1,4-dioxane as a model pollutant. After 860 days of operation, MLVSS, which indicates the amount of sludge, increased from 390 mg/L to 10,000 mg/L, and the removal rate of organic matter including 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and glucose in the artificial wastewater reached up to 97%. Based on these results, the MAS process was successfully used to acclimate activated sludge with 1,4-dioxane. Bacterial flora analysis in the MAS showed that bacteria of the genus Pseudonocardia, already reported as 1,4-dioxane degrading bacteria, play an important role in the degradation of this pollutant. The MAS process is a suitable culture method for acclimation of environmental pollutants, and the findings indicate that it can be used as an enrichment unit for pollutant-degrading bacteria.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

일산화 탄소를 이용한 enrichment 배양 방법을 통하여 흙으로부터 일산화탄소를 이용하여 성장 할 수 있는 세가지 종류 (JC1, JC2, HY1)의 호기성 Acinetobacter 들을 분리했다. 이세균들은 모두Gramdma성 세균들로 운동성이 없었으며, 지수성장기에는 간균의 형태를 나타내었으나 성장이 정지되었을 때에는 구균으로 변하였다. 이들은 페니실린에 대해 내성이 있었고 $42^{\circ}C$에서도 성장을 할 수 있었다. DNA의 G+C함량은 43%-44.5%이였고 모든 세균에서 oxidase의 활성이 나타나지 않았다. 이 세균들의 coloy들은 모두 둥글고 매끄러웠으며 연한 노란색을 띄었다. 이들은 또 여러가지 종류의 당이나 유기산, 아미노산. 알코올 등을 이용하여 생장할 수 있였다. JC1과 J JC2 벚 HY1이 30%의 일산화탄소를 이용하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 성장할 때의 doubling time은 각각 19시간. 25시간, 그리 고 35시간 이었다. JC1의 자가영양적 성장을 위한 최적조건은 pH가 6.8이였L 온도는 $42^{\circ}C$ 그리고 일산화탄소의 농도는 30%이였다. JC1 의 자가영양적 성장에는 몰리브데늄이 필요치 않았고, 또 이 세균은 100ppm의 CO만으로도 성장할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2010

이 연구는 부여 정동리 꿩바윗골 유적에서 출토된 백제시대 경작토양의 광물학적 및 지구화학적 특정을 조사하고, 이를 사용하여 제작한 것으로 추정되는 무령왕릉 및 송산리 전(벽돌)과 토양을 비교하여 태토로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 연구대상 토양시료들은 모두 미사질 양토로 가장 하부층을 제외하고는 모두 유사한 토양입도를 가지고 있다. 토양은 산성으로 일부 시료에서 유기물, P, S 등의 집적현상이 나타났다. 또한 지구화학적 원소 분포경향이 유사하며 석영, 사장석, 정장석, 질석, 운모, 고령석 등으로 구성되어 동일한 광물조성을 보인다. 부분적으로 붉은 철산화물의 농집이 관찰되는데, 강의 범람과 배수에 따른 산화와 환원환경이 반복되었던 환경이 토양 내 철산화물의 농집을 일으킨것으로 보인다. 이는 자연현상과 인간의 경작활동에 의한 풍화양상으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 무령왕릉과 송산리고분군 출토 전에서 발견되는 철산화물의 농집현상은 연구지역 토양이 전의 태도로 추정될 수 있는 추가적인 증거로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2005

We have developed a new method of manufacturing salts by horizontal spray drying technique, using the concentrated deep ocean water after desalination processes. We studied the chemical characteristics of the spray-dried salts. Sodium content in the spray salts is $28.4\%$, which is $10-30\%$ lower than that of bay salts, bamboo salts and boiling salts $(32-38.2\%)$. However, the contents of magnesium, potassium and calcium of the spray salts are 2.5 times, 3 times and 4.5 times higher relative to those of bay salts, respectively. On the one hand, sulfur content in spray salts is 14 times lower than those of bay salts, which is caused by their volatilization during spray and vaporization of the concentrated seawater. Enrichment factors of Mg (0.8), K (0.9) and Ca (1.0) in the spray salts are relatively higher than those in bay salt (0.2-0.3), bamboo salt (0.15-0.4) and boiled salt (0.4-0.7), respectively. On the contrary, enrichment factor of sulfur in spray salts is observed to be 0.07, which is considerably lower than those in other salts (0.3-0.7). It means that the minerals like Mg, K and Ca can be well conserved from seawater to salts through spray drying techniques, while volatile elements like sulfur, lead, mercury and organic compounds can be easily removed from seawater via spray and heating processes.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

Soil contamination survey was conducted during March - July, 2017 to obtain soil contamination profile of 16 organic and inorganic contaminants in Hanam industrial complex located in Gwangju, Korea. The concentrations of all surveyed contaminants except Cd showed were within 0.3~1.5 times of their natural background levels. Cd showed concentrations as high as 6.9 times of the background level, signifying the influence of the metal processing facilities in the complex. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Hg in areas nearby industrial facilities were 1.3~5.5 times higher than those within the facility and green area. The concentration of Cu in the green area was 1.4~2.9 times higher than in other areas. The Soil Pollution Index (SPI) analysis revealed 54% of the total area belong to first-grade soil, 43% to second-grade, and 3% to third-grade. The Enrichment Factor (EF) of Zn, Pb, and Cd were 9.2, 15.6, and 88.5, respectively, indicating high accumulation and contamination of the soil with Cd.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.922-930
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• 2021

Objective: Tibetan pigs, predominantly originating from the Tibetan Plateau, have been subjected to long-term natural selection in an extreme environment. To characterize the metabolic adaptations to hypoxic conditions, transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns in the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs were compared. Methods: RNA and protein were extracted from liver tissue of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs (n = 3, each). Differentially expressed genes and proteins were subjected to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes functional enrichment analyses. Results: In the RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, a total of 18,791 genes and 3,390 proteins were detected and compared. Of these, 273 and 257 differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified. Evidence from functional enrichment analysis showed that many genes were involved in metabolic processes. The combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that small molecular biosynthesis, metabolic processes, and organic hydroxyl compound metabolic processes were the major processes operating differently in the two breeds. The important genes include retinol dehydrogenase 16, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, prenylcysteine oxidase 1, sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2, ENSSSCG00000036224, perilipin 2, ladinin 1, kynurenine aminotransferase 1, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide novel insight into the high-altitude metabolic adaptation of Tibetan pigs.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1157-1167
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• 2018

Sulfolobus species can grow on a variety of organic compounds as carbon and energy sources. These species degrade glucose to pyruvate by the modified branched Entner-Doudoroff pathway. We attempted to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under sugar-limited and sugar-rich conditions. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to quantify the expression of the genes and identify those DEGs between the S. acidocaldarius cells grown under sugar-rich (YT with glucose) and sugar-limited (YT only) conditions. The functions and pathways of the DEGs were examined using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the DEGs. Transcriptome analysis of the DSM 639 strain grown on sugar-limited and sugar-rich media revealed that 853 genes were differentially expressed, among which 481 were upregulated and 372 were downregulated under the glucose-supplemented condition. In particular, 70 genes showed significant changes in expression levels of ${\geq}$ twofold. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the genes encoding components of central carbon metabolism, the respiratory chain, and protein and amino acid biosynthetic machinery were upregulated under the glucose condition. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that the sulfur assimilation genes (Saci_2197-2204) including phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate reductase and sulfite reductase were significantly upregulated in the presence of glucose. The present study revealed metabolic networks in S. acidocaldarius that are induced in a glucose-dependent manner, improving our understanding of biomass production under sugar-rich conditions.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.459-468
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• 2003

Annual variation of water qualities in the Shihwa Lake were observed 18 times from June 1996 to October 2001. We studied at the station of the upper streams and near the water gate of lake. After the flow of the outer seawater through the water gate, the surface salinity in Shihwa Lake increased to the range of 25-30 psu in both stations after October 1998. Due to the declination of the salinity differences between the surface and the bottom water, the pycnocline in which had existed until 1997 has weakened, and made the water column mix vertically. This led to the improvement of anoxic/hypoxic environment at bottom waters after April 1998. However, despite the continuous flow of the outer seawater, the concentrations of chlorophyll-a at surface layer were varied from $2{\mu}g/l\;to\;60{\mu}g/l$, and these values indicated the eutrophication. The following organic matter load was greatly influencing the surface layer's COD concentration. During the rainy season, the salinity at the surface layer to the below 15 psu resulting in stratification between the surface and bottom layer. Organic matters that were provided from the surface layer to the bottom layer due to active primary production in the year exhausted dissolved oxygen at the bottom layer, and the bulks of organic matters at bottom gave rise to hypoxic or anoxic environment. It was observed that the enrichment of ammonia and phosphate were main factors to worsen the water quality of the Shihwa Lake. The results of examining the annual variations in Shiwha Lake through principal component analysis shown that water characteristics in the rainy season were similar with those before input of outer sea water.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.829-835
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• 2011

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) has been developed as a new approach for the extraction of trace copper in water and beverage samples followed by the determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the DLLME-SFO, 8-hydroxy quinoline, 1-dodecanol, and methanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, respectively. The experimental parameters related to the DLLME-SFO such as the type and volume of the extraction and dispersive solvent, extraction time, sample volume, the concentration of chelating agent and salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor for copper was 122. The method was linear in the range from 0.5 to $300\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ of copper in the samples with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9996 and a limit of detection of $0.1\;ng\;mL^{-1}$. The method was applied to the determination of copper in water and beverage samples. The recoveries for the spiked water and beverage samples at the copper concentration levels of 5.0 and $10.0\;ng\;mL^{-1}$ were in the range between 92.0% and 108.0%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) varied from 3.0% to 5.6%.