Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Annual Variation of Water Qualities in the Shihwa Lake

시화호 수질의 연변화 양상에 대한 연구

  • 박준건 (한국해양연구원 해양기후.환경연구본부) ;
  • 김은수 (한국해양연구원 해양기후.환경연구본부) ;
  • 조성록 (한국해양연구원 해양기후.환경연구본부) ;
  • 김경태 (한국해양연구원 해양기후.환경연구본부) ;
  • 박용철 (인하대학교 해양과학과)
  • Published : 2003.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Annual variation of water qualities in the Shihwa Lake were observed 18 times from June 1996 to October 2001. We studied at the station of the upper streams and near the water gate of lake. After the flow of the outer seawater through the water gate, the surface salinity in Shihwa Lake increased to the range of 25-30 psu in both stations after October 1998. Due to the declination of the salinity differences between the surface and the bottom water, the pycnocline in which had existed until 1997 has weakened, and made the water column mix vertically. This led to the improvement of anoxic/hypoxic environment at bottom waters after April 1998. However, despite the continuous flow of the outer seawater, the concentrations of chlorophyll-a at surface layer were varied from $2{\mu}g/l\;to\;60{\mu}g/l$, and these values indicated the eutrophication. The following organic matter load was greatly influencing the surface layer's COD concentration. During the rainy season, the salinity at the surface layer to the below 15 psu resulting in stratification between the surface and bottom layer. Organic matters that were provided from the surface layer to the bottom layer due to active primary production in the year exhausted dissolved oxygen at the bottom layer, and the bulks of organic matters at bottom gave rise to hypoxic or anoxic environment. It was observed that the enrichment of ammonia and phosphate were main factors to worsen the water quality of the Shihwa Lake. The results of examining the annual variations in Shiwha Lake through principal component analysis shown that water characteristics in the rainy season were similar with those before input of outer sea water.

Keywords

References

  1. 기상청. 1998. 기상월보(1998.7). 49 P.
  2. 기상청. 2000. 기상월보(2000.7). 49 P.
  3. 기상청. 2001. 기상월보(2001.8). 50 P.
  4. 김경태. 2001. 연안 간척으로 조성된 인공호수 시화호의 환경변화에 따른 중금속 거동. 부경대학교 박사학위논문 199 P.
  5. 김은수, 김경태, 조성록. 1998a. 해수 및 표층 퇴적물의 생지화학적 연구. 해양연구,20(3), 237-250.
  6. 김은수, 이기복, 심무준, 김경태, 조성록. 1998b. 시화호의 수질변화. p. 47-52. In: 한국해양환경공학회 1998 춘계학술대회 논문집. 한국해양환경공학회.
  7. 박용철, 박준건, 한명우, 손승규, 김문구, 허성회. 1997. 시화호 산화-환원 환경하의 용존 유, 무기 화합물의 생지화학적 연구. 한국해양학회지 바다, 2(2), 53-68.
  8. 박준건. 1998. 시화호 산화-환원 환경에서의 생지화학적 특성연구. 인하대학교 석사학위논문. 103 P.
  9. 신재기, 김동섭, 조경제. 2000a. 시화호에서 무기영양염과 식물플랑크톤의 동태. 한국육수학회지,33, 109-118.
  10. 신재기, 김동섭, 조경제. 2000b. 해수유입 전. 후의 수환경 요인과 식물플랑크톤 동태. 한국환경과학회지, 9, 115-123.
  11. 심무준. 1998. 시화호의 퇴적물과 공극수의 지화학적 특성에 관한 연구. 한양대학교 석사학위논문. 81 P.
  12. 심무준, 김은수, 김경태, 이기복, 강화성, 이광우. 1998. 시화호 퇴적물의 유기탄소, 황 및 중금속 분포. 한국물환경학회지, 14(4), 469-482.
  13. 심무준, 조성록, 나공태, 신진선, 김은수. 2001. 시화호 퇴적물에서 인의 지화학적 특성. 한국해양환경공학회지, 4, 16-27.
  14. 최만식, 천종화, 우한준, 이희일. 1999. 시화호 표층 퇴적물의 중금속 및 퇴적상 변화. 한국환경과학회지, 8(5), 593-600.
  15. 최정훈, 강정원, 홍대벽, 박용안. 2000. 시화호 퇴적물의 유기 탄소, 유기질소 및 중금속 함량과 분포. 한국해양학회지 바다, 5(4), 276-284.
  16. 최정훈, 김미옥. 2001. 배수갑문 운용에 따른 용존산소와 pH 변화. 한국지구과학회지, 22, 195-207.
  17. 최중기, 이은희, 노재훈, 허성회. 1997. 시화호와 시화호 주변 해역 식물플랑크톤의 대증식과 일차 생산력에 관한 연구.한국해양학회지 바다, 2(2), 78-86.
  18. 한국해양연구소. 1990. 진해만의 유기물 순환과 무산소 환경 발생에 대한 연구. BSPE 00148-265-4. 66 P.
  19. 한명우, 박용철, 허성회. 1997. 암모니아와 납의 저층 용출. 한국해양학회지 바다, 2(2), 69-77.
  20. 현상민, 천종화, 이희일. 1999. 시화호의 퇴적환경과 중금속 오염. 한국해양학회지 바다, 4(3), 198-207.
  21. 해양수산부. 1997. 해양환경공정시험방법. 316 P.
  22. Codispoti, L.A., G.E. Friederich, J.W. Murray, and C.M. Sakamoto. 1991. Chemical variability in the Black Sea: implications of continuous vertical profiles that penetrated the oxic/anoxic interface. Deep-Sea Res., 38, S691-S710. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-0149(10)80004-4
  23. Cooper, S.R. and G.S. Brush. 1991. Long-term history of Chesapeake Bay anoxia. Science, 254, 992-996. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5034.992
  24. Cooper, S.R. and G.S. Brush. 1993. A 2,500-year history of anoxia and eutrophication in Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries, 16(3B), 617-626. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352799
  25. D'Avanzo, C. and J.N. Kremer. 1994. Diel oxygen dynamics and anoxic events in an eutrophic estuary of Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries, 17(1B), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352562
  26. EPA. 1976. Water quality criteria research of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proceedings of EPA sponsored symposium. EPA-600 (3-76-079). 185 p.
  27. Forsberg, C. and S.O. Ryding. 1980. Eutrophication parameters and trophic state indices in 30 Swedish wastereceiving lakes. Arch. Hydrobiol., 89, 189-207.
  28. Han, M.W. and Y.C. Park. 1999. The development of anoxia in the artificial Lake Shihwa, Korea, as a consequence of intertidal reclamation. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 38(12), 1194-1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00161-7
  29. HELCOM. 1990. Second periodic assessment of the state of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea 1984-1988. Background Document, Balt. Sea. Envir. Proc., 35B, 432 p.
  30. Kennish, M.J. 1997. Practical handbook of estuarine and marine pollution, ed. by M.J. Kennish. CRC Press. 524 p.
  31. Konovalov, S.K. and J.W. Murray. 2001. Variations in the chemistry of the Black Sea on a time scale of decades (1960-1995). J. Marine Syst., 31, 217-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00054-9
  32. Kuo, A.Y., K. Park, and M.Z. Moustafa. 1991. Spatial and temporal variabilities of hypoxia in the Rappahannock River, Virginia. Estuaries, 14(2), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.2307/1351684
  33. Lapointe, B.E. and M.W. Clark. 1992. Nutrient inputs from the watershed and coastal eutrophication in the Florida keys. Estuaries, 15(4), 465-476. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352391
  34. Lewis, B.L. and W.M. Landing. 1991. The biogeochemistry of manganese and iron in the Black Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 38, S773-S803.
  35. Marchetti, R. 1984. Quadro analytico complessivo dei resultati delle indangini condetto nrgli acquae costiere dell'Emilia Romagna: situazione e ipostesi di intervento, Regione Emilia Romagna. 310 p.
  36. Millero, F.J. 1991. The oxidation of H2S in the Chesapeake Bay. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 33, 521-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(91)90088-S
  37. Murray, J.W., Z. Top, and E. Ozsoy. 1991. Hydrographic properties and ventilation of the Black Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 38, S663-S689. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90005-Z
  38. Nehring, D. 1992. Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. p. 673-682. In: Marine coastal eutrophication, Proc. Int. Conf.,ed. by Vollenweider, R.A., R. Marchetti, and R. Viviani. Elsevier.
  39. Parson, T.R., Y. Matia, and C.M. Lalli. 1984. A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis. Pergamon press, 173 p.
  40. Portnoy, J.W. 1991. Summer oxygen depletion in a diked New England estuary. Estuaries, 14(2), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.2307/1351685
  41. Seliger, H.H., J.A. Boggs, and W.H. Biggley. 1985. Catastrophic anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay in 1984. Science, 228, 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4695.70
  42. Solorzano, L. 1969. Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenol hypochlorite method. Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 799-801. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.5.0799
  43. Stanley D.W. and S.W. Nixon. 1992. Stratification and bottom-water hypoxia in the Pamlico River Estuary. Estuaries, 15(3), 270-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352775
  44. Valiela, I., K. Foreman, M. LaMontagne, D. Hersh, J. Costa, P. Peckol, B. DeMeo-Andreson, C. D'Avanzo, M. Babione, C.H. Shem, J. Brawley, and K. Lajtha. 1992. Couplings of watersheds and coastal waters: sources and consequences of nutrient enrichment in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries, 15(4), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352389
  45. Vollenweider, R.A. and J.S. Kerekes. 1982. Eutrophication of waters: Monitoring, Assesment and Control. OECD, Paris, France.
  46. Zaghloul, F.A. and Y. Halim. 1992. Long-term eutrophication in a semi-closed bay: the eastern Harbour of Alexandria. p. 727-735. In: Marine coastal eutrophication, Proc. Int. Conf., ed. by Vollenweider, R.A., R. Marchetti, and R. Viviani. Elsevier.
  47. Zimmerman, A.R. and E.A. Canuel. 2000. A geochemical record of eutrophication and anoxia in Chesapeake Bay sediments: anthropogenic influence on organic matter composition. Mar. Chem., 69, 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00100-0

Cited by

  1. Environmental and ecological effects of Lake Shihwa reclamation project in South Korea: A review vol.102, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.12.018
  2. Effects of an Artificial Breakwater on the Distributions of Planktonic Microbial Communities vol.42, pp.1, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03020906
  3. Characteristics of Water Quality In the Shihwa Lake and Outer Sea vol.17, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2011.17.2.105
  4. The Intertidal Area in Lake Sihwa After Operation of the Tidal Power Plant vol.18, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2015.18.4.310
  5. Changes in Sea Water Characteristics Due to Operation of Shihwa Tidal Power Plant vol.25, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2013.25.4.219
  6. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mesozooplankton Community in Lake Sihwa, Korea vol.32, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2010.32.3.187
  7. Seasonal and spatial distribution of nonylphenol in Shihwa Lake, Korea vol.56, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.022
  8. Implementation of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to analyses of environmental parameters and phytoplankton biomass in a macrotidal estuary and artificial lake vol.93, pp.01, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315412000616
  9. Seasonal and spatial distribution of nonylphenol and IBP in Saemangeum Bay, Korea vol.51, pp.8-12, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.006
  10. Estimating benthic fluxes of trace elements to hypoxic coastal waters using 210Po vol.151, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.05.008
  11. Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Water Quality in Lake Shihwa and Outer Sea by Using Water Quality Index in Korea: A Case Study of Influence of Tidal Power Plant Operation vol.16, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2013.16.2.102
  12. Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay vol.5, pp.2296-7745, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00070
  13. Polyp Removal of a Bloom Forming Jellyfish, Aurelia coerulea, in Korean Waters and Its Value Evaluation vol.53, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-018-0015-1