• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sewage sludge application on the growth of chinese cabbage and the changes of chemical properties of soil. The experiment were set up with two different place and cultivated from Feb. 10 to June. 20 of 2000. Treatments are 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20kg/3.3$\m^2$ of sewage sludge applicated into the soil and recorded the growth characteristics. Chemical properties of soil were also analysed before and after treatment. The application of the sewage sludge resulted in increasing the content of EC, cations exchange capacity, available phosphate and organic matter. And increased the growth characteristics in terms of the number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight regardless of crops experiments. Optimum amount of the sewage sludge depended on chemical properties of soil used. This results demonstrated that application of sewage sludge in the soil attribute to have play an important both improving soil chemical properties and promoting the crop growth. As lowering the soil pH(pH 6) heavy metal content increased compared with higher pH(pH 7). Feasibility was recognized in the application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer for the growth of chinese cabbage. Detrimental effects such as heavy metal in the soil and crop followed by the application of sewage sludge was not observed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2000

퇴비의 시용량에 따른 사과의 수량과 토양화학성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 사과원에 퇴비시용량의 증가에 의해 토양중의 인산함량 및 치환성 양이온의 함량이 증가하였으나, 유기물은 거의 변화가 없었다. 퇴비의 시용량이 증가할수록 사과의 수량은 증가하였으나, 경도 및 당도의 차이는 없었다. 화학비료를 감비처리하고 퇴비의 시용량을 높인 결과 퇴비의 시용량이 증가함에 따라 토양 중 유기물 및 Ca의 함량은 증가하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.397-415
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• 2002

This paper deals with a crucial mechanism for interaction of basic drugs and cardiac glycosides at the hepatic uptake level. Available literature data is provided and new material is presented to picture the differential transport inhibition of bulky (type2) cationic drugs by a number of cardiac glycosides in rat liver. It is shown that the so called organic anion transporting peptide 2 (oatp2) is the likely interaction site: differential inhibition patterns as observed in oocytes expressing oatp2, could be clearly identified also in isolated rat hepatocytes, isolated perfused rat liver and the rat in vivo. The anticipation of transport interactions at the hepatic clearance level should be based on data on the relative affinities of interacting substrates for the transport systems involved along with knowledge on the pharmacokinetics of these agents as well as the chosen dose regimen in the studied species. This review highlights the importance of multispecific tranporter systems such as OATP, accommodating a broad spectrum of organic compounds of various charge, implying potential transport interactions that can affect body distribution and organ clearance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.463-481
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• 2022

Phosphorous (P) is considered to be one of the key essential elements demanded by crop plants. Approximately 70 - 90% of phosphatic fertilizers applied to crops are fixed in soil as Ca, Fe, and Al metal cations, which are insoluble and thus not readily available for plant uptake. Therefore, most soils are deficient in plant available P. This is usually rectified by applying phosphate fertilizers continuously, although this is not economically viable or environmentally acceptable. The present paper reviews the mechanisms involved with phosphate solubilization and mineralization by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) with the associated factors that determine the success. PSMs are effectively involved in mediating the bioavailability of soil P. Their contribution includes mineralization of organic P solubilization of inorganic P minerals, and storing sizable amounts of P in biomass through different mechanisms such as the production of organic and inorganic acids, H₂S, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, and production of enzymes such as phosphatases, phytase, and phosphonatases/C-P lyases, which are capable of chelating the metal ions, forming complexes, and making plant available P. PSMs manifest a wide range of metabolic functions in different environments, resulting in significantly higher plant growth, enhanced soil properties, and increased biological activities. Therefore, development of bio-inoculants with efficient novel PSM strains and further investigations on exploring such strains from diverse ecological niches with multifunctional plant-growth-promoting traits are needed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.603-607
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• 2016

유기용매 내성 세균 Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106으로부터 생산된 리파아제 조효소액은 pH 4-10의 넓은 범위의 pH와 37℃에서 매우 안정적이었다. BCNU 106의 리파아제 안정성은 25% xylene, hexane, octane, toluene, chloroform 및 dodecane에서 증가하였으며, 상업적인 고정화 효소와 비교해도 우수한 안정성을 보이고 있다. 그리고 Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Zn²⁺ 및 Mn²⁺ 존재 하에서 110% 이상의 상대활성을 나타낸 반면에, Fe²⁺에서는 효소활성이 억제되었다. 게다가 계면활성제인 tween 80과 triton X-100 및 SDS에서도 높은 안정성을 유지됨이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 유기용매 내성 Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106의 리파아제는 고정화 효소에 못지않은 효소 활성 및 안정성을 유지함이 밝혀져 다양한 산업공정에서 잠재적인 생물촉매로 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.466-470
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• 2010

본 연구는 유기질 멀칭에 의해 배 '신고' 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 수행되었다. 볏짚 멀칭은 엽중 칼륨, 마그네슘, 칼슘 함량을 높였지만 모두 적정농도 이하의 수준을 나타냈다. 과실의 경도는 참나무껍질에 의해 증가하였고 당도는 참나무껍질과 볏짚에 의해 증가하였다. 참나무 껍질은 가장 높은 당산비를 보였고 진한 붉은 계열의 과피색을 착색시켰다. 과실의 칼륨은 볏짚에서 칼슘은 참나무껍질에서 가장 높았으나, 두 무기성분간의 과실 내 흡수에 있어서 길항작용이 있었던 것으로 판단된다. 일반적으로, 과실 품질을 향상시켰던 유기질 멀칭 자재인 참나무껍질과 볏짚은 석세포 함량을 감소시켰고 유기질이 투입되지 않는 폴리에틸렌은 대조구와 비슷한 석세포 함량을 보였다. 따라서 과원 내 유기질이 투입된 멀칭 시용은 과실 품질을 부분적으로 향상시켰고 과실의 씹힘성을 저해하는 석세포를 감소시켜서 과실의 품질 개선에 기여한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2005

토양 pH는 토양화학반응의 결과로 토양용액으로 해리하는 수소이온을 나타내는 intensity factor이고 토양의 알루미늄에 의하여 수소이온이 완충되고 있다. 토양 양이온에 의하여 알루미늄의 수소이온 완충기능이 저하되면 토양 pH 양상이 달라지므로 토양 EC에 따른 토양 pH 양상은 토양의 pH 완충력 등 토양관리를 위한 중요한 정보를 담고 있다. 토양에 투입되는 양분에 의하여 토양 pH가 달라지는 현상을 구명하고 시설재배지 토양의 EC에 따른 토양 pH 양상을 파악하기 위하여 사양토에는 가축분과 퇴비 및 비료를 넣고 시설재배지 토양은 무처리 상태로 $30^{\circ}C$에서 5, 10, 20, 40일간 호기항온 후 토양과 토양용액의 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 가축분을 첨가한 사양토의 pH 양상은 토양에 첨가된 양이온 함량에 비례하여 pH가 올라갔으며 양분이 축적된 시설토양의 pH 양상은 양분함량이 많을수록 pH가 낮아졌다. 따라서 토양 EC가 높아질 때 토양 알루미늄의 수소이온 완충력이 높은 상태에서는 토양의 pH는 양이온의 양에 비례하여 올라가지만 토양 알루미늄의 수소이온 완충력이 저하된 상태에서는 토양의 음이온의 양에 비례하여 pH가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2009

유기농재배농가 토양관리 실태와 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 조사하고 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유기농 밭 토양은 인근대비 용적밀도와 경도의 개선효과가 있었고, 특히 공극률, 소형판침하량, 표토심, 경운심, 근권심은 높게 나타났다. 내수성입단은 유기농재배 밭이 인근농가 밭보다 오히려 낮았다. 이는 유기농가에서 염류집적을 고려하여 파쇄목, 나무껍질, 수피 등과 같은 C/N율이 높은 거친 유기물들을 시용하였기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 유기농재배 밭의 유효인산 및 치환성양이온 함량 등의 토양화학성은 대부분 인근농가에 비해 높게 나타났는데, 이는 유기물을 과량 시용하였기 때문으로 분석되었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.331-337
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• 1994

In order to develop a $^{18}F$-labelled myocardial perfusion agent(flow tracer) for PET, $^{18}F$-labelled organic ammonium cations were synthesized and evaluated in relation to their biodistribution. Five quaternary organic ammonium compounds were labelled with $^{18}F$ in a side chain with moderate to good yields by direct introduction of $^{18}F$-fluoride. Radiochemical yields have been achieved in 30-40min by the precursors (tosylates) in dimethylsulfoxide 15-60% (decay corrected). The reaction was found to be autocatalyzed. A remote controlled procedure was developed in these synthesis. $^{18}F$-Labelling and HPLC-purification of com-pounds needed about 60 min(Yield; 7-20%). Up to now the two compounds N-4-[$^{18}F$]fluorobutyl-pyridinium cation(1) and N, N dibenzyl-4(2-[$^{18}F$]fluoroethyl)piperidinium cation(2) were investigated in relation to their biodistribution in mice. Compound 1 showed at 1 min post injection the high uptake of 19.22% ID/g organ in the myocardium but a following fast decline to 1.12% ID/g organ after 40min. Uptake of compound 2 was after 1min in the heart 5.90% ID/g organ but after 40min at the relative high value of 4.33% ID/g organ. Heart:blood ratio for compound(1) at 1 min was 8.3, at 40 min 2.6 for compound II 2.0(1min) and 15.0(40 min). As data of compound 2 showed greater heart uptake, slower myocardial release, and higher heart: blood ratios, compound 2 is a good candidate for further evaluation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.424-429
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• 2006

In the present study, a human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) culture model was developed to evaluate the potential involvement of carrier-mediated transport systems in drug transfer into milk. Trypsin-resistant HMECs were seeded on $Matrigel^{circledR}-coated$ filters to develop monolayers of functionally differentiated HMEC. Expression of the specific function of HMEC monolayers was dependent of the number of trypsin treatments. Among the monolayers with different numbers of treatment (treated 1 to 3 times), the monolayer treated 3 times (3-t-HMEC monolayer) showed the highest maximal transepithelial resistance and expression of $\beta-casein$ mRNA as an index of differentiation. Transport of tetraethylammonium (TEA) across the 3-t-HMEC monolayer in the basolateral-to-apical direction was significantly higher than that in the apical-to-basolateral direction (p<0.05), whereas such directionality was not observed for p-aminohippurate, suggesting the existence of organic cation transporters, but not organic anion transporters. In fact, expression of mRNAs of human organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and 3 were detected in the 3-t-HMEC monolayer. These results indicate that the 3-t-HMEC monolayer is potentially useful for the evaluation of carrier-mediated secretion of drugs including organic cations into human milk.