• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.78-89
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• 2021

Organic residues analysis is an analysis method that reveals the types of organic material samples by using the characteristic that main components constituting substances are different depending on the species of animals and plants. In this study, scientific analysis of the organic residues attached to wood coffins in the Joseon Dynasty Hoemyo excavated from the site of Singok-dong, Uijeongbu was used to identify the types of remnants and to use them as information to restore the uses of organic materials and the way they lived in the past. As a result of FT-IR analysis of the residue attached to the inside of the wood, it was estimated to be a natural plant resin material. In addition, as a result of analysis by GC-MS to confirm the characteristic factors of natural resins, diterpenoids (abietane) and pimaran (pimarane), such as dehydroabietic acid and pimaric acid (diterpenoid) compounds, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acid components were detected together. Diterpenoid compounds are components mainly found in Pinaceae resins. It is confirmed in the literature that rosin, a representative material of Pinaceae resin, was used as an adhesive material. Considering the situation where an organic material remained at the joint of the wood, the organic material attached to the wood is judged to be an adhesive material made of Pinaceae resin. In addition, the fatty acid component detected together is a component derived from plant oil, and it is presumed to be made by mixing rosin and oil as recorded in previous studies. This study confirms that organic residues remain in the burial environment without losing their characteristics. It is expected that scientific analysis of organic residues will be conducted in the future to accumulate information necessary for the interpretation of past living culture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-73
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• 2011

Since we have started organic acid analysis on Jul. 1997, we have been collecting data about organic acidemias in Korea. The data presented here is our 3 years experience in organic acid analysis. We have collected 712 samples from major university hospitals all over the Korea, large enough for relatively accurate incidence of organic acid disorders. We are using solvent extraction method with ethylacetate, MSTFA for derivatization and quantitation of 83 organic acids simultaneously. Out of 712 patients sample, 498 patients sample (70%) showed no evidence of organic acid abnormalities. Out of 214 remaining samples we have found very diverse disorders such as methylmalonic aciduria(6), propionic aciduria (10), biotinidase deficiency (6), maple syrup urine disease (3), isovaleric aciduria (4), tyrosinemia type II (4), tyrosinemia type IV (1), glutaric aciduria type I (1), glutaric aciduria type II (22), 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I (3), 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III (7), HMG-CoA lyase deficiency (1), hyperglyceroluria (2), cytosolic 3-ketothiolase deficiency (55), mitochondrial 3-ketothiolase deficiency (3), 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (2), L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2), fumaric aciduria (2), lactic aciduria with combined elevation of pyruvate (most likely PDHC deficiency) (28), lactic aciduria without combined elevation of pyruvate (most likely mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders) (35), SCAD deficiency (3), MCAD deficiency (1), 3-methylcrotonylglycineuria (1), orotic aciduria (most likely urea cycle disorders) (7) and 2-methylbranched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1). In conclusion, though the incidence of indivisual organic acidemia is low, the incidence of overall organic acidemia is relatively high in Korea. Most of the patients showed some signs of neurological dysfunction. In other words, organic acid analysis should be included in the diagnostic work up of all neurological dysfunctions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

The contents of organic acid in Korean apple juice were analyzed by HPLC using YMC-peak ODS-AQ column and enzymatic assay. Model apple juices were prepared at the laboratory and commercial apple juices were purchased from the market. Individual organic acid contents were as follows: DL-malic acid 62~402mg%, L-malic acid 48~360mg%, citric acid 1.81~15.74mg%, fumaric acid nd~0.50mg%. Together, these tests gave useful information about the quality and authenticity of a particular apple juice smaple. The presence of D-malic acid was a clear indication of adulteration because this isomer did not occur naturally. Fumaric acid and citric acid levels above trace amounts were also inconsistent with pure apple juice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 1995

Rapid gas chromatographic profiling method was applied to saliva from healthy subjects for the analysis of free organic acids. Saliva samples were first saturated with NaHCO$_{3}$ and extracted with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was solid-phase extracted using Chromosorb P as the adsorbent and diethyl ether as the eluent after the acidification and NaCl saturation, followed by triethylamine treatment. The resulting tiiethylammonium salts of acids were directly converted into stable tert.-butyl-dimethylsflyl derivatives, with subsequent analysis by dual-capiuary column gas chromatography and gas chromatograpy -mass spectrometry. From the ten saliva samples studied, twenty eight free organic acids including various fatty acids, hydroxy acids, dicarboxylic acids, md aromatic acids were tentatively identified. Among the acids identified , the concentration of lactic acid was highest for five saliva samples while $\alpha$-hydroxyisocaproic acid was most abundant for me sample, and succinic acid and glycolic acid for two samples. respectively. When the GC profiles were simplified to the corresponding acid retention index spectra of bar graphical form, they presented characteristic patterns for each individual.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2006

This study was carried out to improve the analytical methods for determination of organic acids in tobacco leaf by HPLC. The samples for HPLC analysis were pre-treated by means of SPE. The calibration curve for each acid was linear and $R^2$ values ranged from 0.9990 to 1.0000. The limit of detection were obtained from the calibration curves and their values were between 1.39 to $4.87{\mu}g/mL$. Recovery rates of organic acids were between 88.6 % to 98.5 %. The concentrations of organic acids among the various tobacco leaves were compared to the concentration of organic acids, were in the order oriental, burley, flue-cured tobacco. In the case of flue-cured and oriental tobacco leaves, the order of concentration of organic acids was malic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid. But in the case of burley tobacco leaves, the order of concentration of organic acids was citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1204-1208
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• 1996

The organic impurities are formed in the p-xylene oxidation process to terephthalic acid(TPA) and they are present in the filtrate(mother liquor) solution or the TPA particles. The organic impurities present in the p-xylene oxidation are formed through side reactions or incomplete reaction. In this study, the main organic impurities, such as benzoic acid, p-toluic acid, p-tolualdehyde, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and 4-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid were identified simultaneously by gas chromatograghy. The above impurities were reacted with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide in the mixture of internal standard solution and pyridine solution by trimethylsilylation, where the internal standard solution was made by 99% bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The main organic impurities above mentioned can be analyzed quantitatively within 50 min.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 2009

In this study, the quality of chicken breasts from organically reared chickens was compared with that of chicken breasts from conventionally reared chickens. Broilers were raised in an indoor pen with conventional and organic production system, respectively. The diet formulation for the organically reared chickens and the production density were in accordance with the guidelines for organic chicken products. Twenty birds from each group were slaughtered and their breasts were obtained for analysis. The organic chicken breasts had a higher cooking loss, and waterholding capacity, and a lower shear force (p<0.05) compared to the conventional chicken breasts. The organic chicken breasts also showed higher $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$ values and myoglobin contents compared with the conventional chicken breasts (p<0.05). In the fatty-acid analysis, the organic chicken breasts resulted in higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid contents, and a higher PUFA-saturated fatty acid ratio.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 1969

In the previous paper(part III), a certian relationships between the changes of chlorinity and organic acid released from organic material were seemed to be concened to each other in saline soil suspension. Such a possibility had been a cause to take this experiments and this experiment was carried out under the treatment of organic acid crystal, oxalic acid and succinic acid, to the soil suspension(soil: water=20g:40cc) directly. The amount of organic acid treated to the suspension were related to the contents of organic material, as amount of organic acid per gram of organic material(391.76mg). The saline soil suspension were grouped and treated with the acids in order of 78.35mg(Group 1), 391.76mg(Group 2) 979.4mg(Group 3), and 1958.8mg(Group 4), respectively. Treated suspension had been incubated at room temperature and extract from suspension was used for analysis. Followings are summary of this report. 1) Changes of pH in soil suspension appeared a little increase after the treatment of organic acid until 168 hours. 2) Total acidity of soil suspension showed a variation, however, the values of total acidity appeared not to be increased or decreased during the period of experiment. 3) Sugar contents of soil suspension was increased until 168 hours after treatment. These results are similar tendency to the previous paper. 4) Addition of organic acid to soil suspension was confirmed not to be effective method for desalination from saline soil. Chlorinity of group 3 and 4 which were treated with high concentration of organic acid showed a decrease comparing to control group.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

In this study, it was examined a strength characteristic of organic acid material that is eco-friendly and low energy as a soil improving material. The object of this study is to analysis of strength changes with observing the clay mixed organic acid material through the unconfined compression strength test and triaxial compression test during 28 days. As a result of the tests, the strength of clay mixed organic acid material is increased when the more ages are prolonged, the more organic acid material mixture ratio growed. Therefore, in grasping the strength improvement effects of clay by organic acid material mixing, it confirmed that organic acid material as soil improving material is effective through unconfined compression strength test and triaxial compression test. Through this test, the definite strength increase is confirmed according to the mixture of the organic acid material and the possibility of soil improvement is also confirmed based on this result. From now on, detailed examination and field test will help closely to definite strength characteristics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1502-1510
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• 2018

Organic solvent-tolerant (OST) enzymes are widely applied in various industries for their activity and stability in organic solvents, for their higher substrate solubility, and for their greater stero-selectivity. However, the criteria for identifying OST enzymes largely remain undefined. In this study, we compared the amino acid composition of 19 OST esterases with that of 19 non OST esterases. OST esterases have increased the ratio of Ala and Arg residues and decreased the ratio of Asn, Ile, Tyr, Lys, and Phe residues. Based on our amino acid composition analysis, we cloned a carboxylesterase (EstSP2) from a psychrophilic bacterium, Sphingomonas glacialis PAMC 26605, and characterized its recombinant protein. EstSP2 is a substrate specific to p-nitrophenyl acetate and hydrolyzed aspirin, with optimal activity at $40^{\circ}C$; at $4^{\circ}C$, the activity is approximately 50% of its maximum. As expected, EstSP2 showed tolerance in up to 40% concentration of polar organic solvents, including dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, and ethanol. The results of this study suggest that selecting OST esterases based on their amino acid composition could be a novel approach to identifying OST esterases produced from bacterial genomes.