• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investiagte influences of cold aged dough on the quality of bagutte. After 2 hours fementing, the dough was divided 2 parts and they were stored in the refrigirated adjusted 1∼-1$^{\circ}C$. The cold aging time was 24, 48 hours respectivley. After 2 hourse fermentation, the dough's pH was 5.45 and 24, 48 hours cold aged dough were 4.99, 4.81. During cold aging, the difference of pH was not significant. The main organic acids in the baguette were lactic acid, acetic acid and malic acid, Among these organic acids, the acetic acid was the largest quantity regardlessly in different fermentation and the cold aging acids, time. Right after baking, the enthalphy of all samples were almost same even thought in different cold aging time, but during different storage periods they showed the difference of retrogradation by the increase of the enthalphy. 24 hours cold aging baguette had the best taste, aroma and texture in bread's score sheet.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2003

Natural clays are composed of oxide layers whose thickness is about 1nm and cations existing between the layers. A number of these layers makes primary particles with a height of about 8∼10nm and these primary particles make aggregates with a size of about 0.1∼10$\mu\textrm{m}$. When layered silicate was made to be organophilic, by exchanging the interlayer cations with organic cationic molecules, the matrix polymer can penetrate between the layers to give a nanocomposite, where 1nm-scal clay layers exist separately in a continuous polymer matrix. These nanostructured hybrid organic-inorganic composites have attracted the great interest of researchers over the last 10 years. They exhibit improved performance properties compared with conventional composites, because their unique phase morphology by layer intercalation or exfoliation maximizes interfacial contact between the organic and inorganic phases and enhances interfacial properties. Since the advent of nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposite developed by Toyota Motor Co., the studies on layered silicate-polymer nanocomposites have been successfully extended to other polymer systems. They greatly improved the thermal, mechanical, barrier, and even the flame-retardant properties of the polymers.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.817-819
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• 2007

A low-stress organic polymer membrane is proposed as a deformable mirror that can be incorporated into a cellular phone camera to achieve auto focusing without motor-type moving parts. It is demonstrated that our fabricated device has an optical power of 20 diopters and can switch focus in 14 ms. The surface roughness of the organic membrane is measured around 15 nm, less than ${\lambda}$/20 of the visible light. With curve fitting, we found that the actuated membrane is almost parabolic in shape, which leads to less aberration than spherical surfaces. It is suitable for reflective-optics systems.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.181.3-181
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• 2001

Recently, the study on development of electrical and electronic device is done to get miniature, high degrees of integration and efficiency by using inorganic materials. the study of Langmuir-Boldgett(LB) method that uses organic materials because of the limitation for the ultrasmall size. In this paper, to do research for medical artificial organs as well as principal parts living body thin film application, electrical properties of L-$\alpha$-DLPC Langmuir(L) films were investigated a displacement current measuring technique with pressure stimulation. We give pressure stimulation into organic thin films and then manufacture a device under the accumulation condition that the state surface pressure is 20[mN/m]. LB layers of L-$\alpha$-DLPC deposited by LB method ...

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2002

The thermal desorption-gas chromatographic (TD-GC) system has been constructed for the measurement of volatile organic compounds. The thermal desortion unit is composed of four major parts: 1) the control part; 2) the thermal desorption part; 3) the focusing part; and 4) the injection part. The peltier element was introduced to the focusing part for the temperature of the focusing tube to reach-35$^{\circ}C$. The system was tested for the linearity of the calibration curves and reproducibility of instrumental analyses using some disinfection by-products (DBPs) and BTXs (benzene, toluene and p-xylene). The coefficients of determination (r$^2$) for all the calibration curves made were higher than 0.998, and the coefficients of variation (CV) for triplicate measurements were all within 10％. The system also has been tested for field applicability. The analysis of field samples showed that there was no breakthrough problem in the sampling system and that the system could be applied to field measurements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.973-976
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• 2011

The addition of organic ligand (${\beta}$-diketone or heterocyclic compound) to the europium (III)-containing ionic liquid resulted in bright luminescent soft materials with the molar ratio of europium/ionic liquid (IL)/ligand being 1:3:1 that exhibit bright red light under UV lamp. The luminescent properties such as emission features and lifetime of $^5D_0$ $Eu^{3+}$ excited level are dependent on the organic ligands. The materials were characterized by FT-IR and luminescence spectroscopy. The data shows that at least parts of the ILs (carboxylic acid) are replaced with ${\beta}$-diketone ligand rather than the formation of europium complex with the molar ratio of $Eu^{3+}$:IL: ligand being 1:3:1, while no ILs could be replaced by the heterocyclic ligand such as Bpy and Phen.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.34-42
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• 2016

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has been used to convert thermal energy to mechanical energy or electricity. The available thermal energy could be waste heat, solar energy, geothermal energy, and so on. However, these kinds of thermal energies cannot be provided continuously. Hence, the ORC can be operated at the off-design point. In this case, the performance of the ORC could be worse because the components of the ORC system designed based on a design point can be mismatched with the output power obtained at the off-design point. In order to improve the performance at the off-design point, a few components were replaced including generator, bearing, load bank, shaft, pump and so on. Experiments were performed on the same facility without including other losses in the experiment. The experimental results were compared with the results obtained with the previous model, and they showed that the system efficiency of the ORC was greatly affected by the losses occurred on the components.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the contents of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) with respect to the particle sizes and depths in sediment collected at nine sites of the lower Kumho river. The mean Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contents in sediment of all sites ranged from 1.59~5.32 mg/kg, 17.4~301.7 mg/kg, 23.2~399.9 mg/kg, 9.48~116.8 mg/kg, 31.1~294.1 mg/kg and 74.2~964.3 mg/kg, respectively. The highest heavy metal contents was generally found to be Zn and lowest was Cd. The mean contents of heavy metal by particle sizes (1.0~0.5, 0.5~ 0.25, <0.25 mm)was the highest in particle sizes less than 0.25 mm, but the coefficients of variation was lowest in particle sizes less than 0.25 mm. Mean contents and coefficient of variation by depths (0~5 cm, 5~10 cm, 10~15 cm) were generally found to be higher in the upper parts of sediment than in the lower parts of sediment. Organic substances were found to be higher as the particle sizes become more small. Moreover, contents of heavy metal increased with the amounts of organic substances in sediment.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.377-393
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• 2011

This study aims to indicate the spatial characteristics of the changes in the Korean farm land. In particular, we analyze the spatial diffusion patterns of organic farms increasing rapidly with the growth in the agricultural product markets as well as the demand for safe food and sustainable growth. For the purpose, we examine the changes in the distribution patterns of organic farms between year 2000 and 2005. We analyze the agglomeration pattern by Location Quotient (LQ) and Local indicator of spatial association (LISA). Organic farms have been spread out from the outscuirts of Seoul, the capital city, to the traditional agriculture spetilized area in the southern parts of the nation. In order to analyze the relationships between organic farm distribution and the geographical variables affecting the organic farming, we develop multivariate regression models. Our findings indicate that organic farming is related with the number of agriculture-based business and information technique adaptation as well as the level of education and farmers age.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-50
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• 2010

This paper was to analyze the fusion between the organic and inorganic characteristics performed in architecture and urbanism, especially on the characteristics found in the works of Archigram group who was very active during 1960s and 70s. Generally, it was thought that Archigram drew its ideas mainly from a mechanist metaphor and that the diagrams of its members were based on the notion of the material obsolescence, which could be placed in a British tectonic tradition. But, Archigram's works has been continually influenced by the biological-organic analogy from the birth of the group to its dissolution. Simply, the importance that the biological-organic analogy takes in the works of Archigram has changed periodically according to the change of its members. We can divide generally Archigram group in two parts : on one hand, nascent members such as Peter Cook, Dennis Greene, Michael Webb ; on the another hand, three members who participated from LCC such as Warren Chalk, Ron Herron, Dennis Crompton. As the new three LCC members participated, Archigram Group focalized on the technological part more than ever. But, when its members dispersed geographically and professionally, its biological-organic analogy came out again at the surface of their works. However, Archigram's organic and inorganic characteristics did not always adhere in opposing position with each other and took the form of coexistence in harmony at the same period. That is, the works of Archigram were persuing the creation of community that nature, technology and architecture could communicate and harmonize with each other through the intergration between organic and inorganic characteristics. The reason why Archigram became the one of the most excellent architectural avant-garde group in the 60s was mainly to receive asssitance with the fact that two small groups having contradictory tendencies got together and formed the Archigram group.