• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1977

Characteristics of Ham Pyong clay and clay-organic complexes were investigated by means of geological exploration, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, thermal mechanical analysis, cation exchange capacity and viscosity measurement. The results are as follows; 1) This caly is a transported clay which has black and white colors, and the amounts of deposit are estimated about 1, 600, 000M/T. 2) The major mineral phases identified by X-ray diffraction are kaolinite, sericite and halloysite and the minor phases are quartz and feldspar, these mineral phases can be seperated very easily by the elutriation method. 3) It was supposed that the black colored clay involved a certain clay-organic complexs by the mechanism of intercalation as well as surface absorption. 4) The clay-organic complexes in clay seemed to improve dispersity, to increase the fluidity of clay-water slips, to decrease the firing shrinkage and to promote the thermo-chemical reaction at temperature range up to 50$0^{\circ}C$, but not to effect on the resulted firing color.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.47-56
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• 2006

The common recognition which the organic product is compared as safe to baby does not mean there is especially plentiful nutrition in organic product. The part mineral content of agricultural products follows in soil quality, therefore plentiful chemical fertilizer-use to change soil quality results in the possibility of the mineral content change. The vitamin, carbohydrate, protein and fatty acid composition does not change largely from original nutrition facts. Rather than, the most advantage of organic product is relieving baby from agricultural chemical harms. It will be a strong desire for consumers to eat safe, believable and healthy food like organic foods. Furthermore, it will be sincerely good to environment and ecosystem.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.907-915
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• 2010

Three hundred and seventy-three steers (approximately 7 mo of age and $247{\pm}19.4\;kg$) were utilized to determine the effects of trace mineral (TM) source and growth implants on trace mineral status. Steers were blocked by ranch, post-weaning treatment within ranch, stratified by initial body weight, and randomly assigned to one of 36 pens (9-12 head/pen). Treatment consisted of: I) control (no supplemental Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co), ii) inorganic trace minerals, and iii) organic trace minerals. Six pens of steers per treatment received a growth implant at the beginning of the experiment and were re-implanted during the finishing phase. The remaining steers received no growth implants. Steers were fed a corn silage-based growing diet for 56 d then were gradually switched to a high concentrate finishing diet. Treatments during the finishing phase consisted of: i) control (no supplemental Zn); ii) inorganic Zn (30 mg of Zn/kg DM from $ZnSO_4$); and iii) organic Zn (iso-amounts of organic Zn). By the end of the growing and finishing phases, implanted steers had greater (p<0.01) plasma Cu concentrations than non-implanted steers. During the growing phase, liver Cu concentrations (p<0.01) and plasma Zn concentrations (p<0.02) were greater in steers supplemented with TM compared to control steers. Steers supplemented with inorganic minerals had greater liver Cu concentrations than steers supplemented with organic minerals at the beginning (p<0.01) and end (p = 0.02) of the growing phase. During both the growing (p = 0.02) and finishing phases (p = 0.05), nonimplanted control steers had greater plasma Cu concentrations than non-implanted steers supplemented with TM, whereas, implanted control steers had similar plasma Cu concentrations than implanted steers supplemented with TM. Non-implanted steers that received inorganic TM had lower plasma Cu concentrations (p = 0.03) during the growing phase and ceruloplasmin activity (p<0.04) during the finishing phase than non-implanted steers that received organic TM, whereas, implanted steers supplemented with either organic or inorganic TM had similar plasma Cu concentrations.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.18-28
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• 2009

Both feasibility and accuracy of lumped approach to group 12 organic compounds in mixtures into a fewer number of pseudocompounds in sorption processes were evaluated using mixtures containing organic compounds with various physicochemical properties and low-surface-area mineral sorbents. The lumped approach for sorption to simulated mineral sorbents was developed by cluster analysis from statistics. Using the lumped approach, the sorption estimated from both reduced number of pseudocompounds and their sorption parameters (i.e., $K_f$, n) can approximate sorption behavior of complex organic mixtures. Additionally, the pseudocompounds for various mixtures to different types of low-surface-area mineral sorbents can be estimated a priori from the physicochemical properties of organic compound (i.e., ${\gamma_w}^{sat}$). Therefore, the lumped approach may help to simplify the complex fate and transport model of organic contaminant mixtures, reduce experimental efforts, and yet provide results that are statistically identical for practical purposes. Further research is warranted to enhance the accuracy of lumped approach using the multiple regression analysis considering the H-bonding capacity, site concentrations, functional groups for mineral sorbents.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Geochemical approaches on the two recovered piston cores were performed to understand the characteristics of organic matters and the influence of the sea level variation of the East Sea in the Hupo Basin since the Holocene. The analyzing results on organic components (TOC and TN), and isotopic compositions of organic matters showed the variation to core locations and sampling depths. In core 08HZP-01, their values were gradually changed with depth from 4 mbsf to seafloor. However, rapid variation was observed at the boundary of 4.71 mbsf (meter below seafloor) in core 08HZP-03. Based on TOC/TN, $\delta^{13}C_{org}$ and $\delta^{15}N_{org}$, the origin of organic matters in the Hupo Basin can be divided into three groups; 1) predominant marine algae, 2) $C_3$ land plant, and 3) mixture of $C_3$ land plant and marine/freshwater algae. It is likely that the vertical and spatial variations of organic and isotopic compositions reflect the shifts in sedimentary environment (including sediment transportation) by ocean currents and sea-level changes and others during the Holocene period.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) caused by repeated reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus. The present study investigated the protective effect of natural mineral water on esophageal injury induced by gastric acid reflux. The cytotoxicity of mineral water was confirmed using Cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit. The protective effect of mineral water on esophageal injury was investigated in RE rat model. The results showed that no cytotoxicity of mineral water was observed in RAW264.7 cells. Mineral water decreased the ratio of esophageal damage, inhibited the increase of inflammatory-protein expression levels and increased the mucosa protection and tight junction proteins expression level in RE control rat. The results suggest that mineral water may have the potential to protect esophageal damage caused by gastric acid reflux and the potential to alleviate reflux esophagitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.423-424
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• 2002

Amount of regulated emissions (CO, $NO_x$, HC), and emissions of some groups of organic substances (volatile hydrocarbons, polyaromatics, and aldehydes) were measured in the standard ECE 83 test on spark ignition engine of a passenger car. The influence of the engine oil composition (mineral or fully synthetic) was examined. For both engine oils, exhaust emissions were measured with fresh oil as well as used oil at the end of the oil drain interval. Unleaded petrol and CNG were used as fuels in all experiments performed. The main conclusion made from the tests is that polyaromatics is the only part of th ε exhaust emissions that was influenced with the nature of the engine oil. Effect on the other components of emissions (aldehydes and VOC) was negligible. Emissions of polyaromatics were almost twice higher for fresh mineral as for fresh fully synthetic oil. The amount of polyaromatics in the exhaust emissions increased slightly with mileage for fully synthetic and substantially more for mineral engine oil.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This study presents a technical perspective to the fate characteristics of phenol and m-cresol, which represent some of the most common organic chemicals found in chemical spill accidents, and likely to persist in soil and groundwater due to their highly stable physicochemical properties. Some cases of domestic and foreign chemical accidents linked to phenol and m-cresol contamination were compiled. Due to their low organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (Koc), phenol and m-cresol tend to migrate into groundwater and remained as dissolved phase. On the other hands, phenol and m-cresol can be readily decomposed by microbes in soil and groundwater under appropriate conditions. Therefore, the fate characteristics of these chemicals are highly contingent on environmental conditions. Thus, if a great quantity of leakage is occurred by chemical accidents, the up-to-date and correct information about fate characteristics taking into account both the chemical and environmental conditions is greatly needed to minimized the potential hazards from these chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

In South Korea a Pedo-sedimentary Sequence(PS) indicating the Last Glacial Maximun(LGM) is typified y a brown to dark brown, relatively stiff paleosol layers formed by repetitive freezing and thawing processes which in turn left characteristi glossic textures in soil-solum, polygolnal structures with a flagipans, vertical soil wedges or freezing cracks, and horizontal foliations, As a pre-LGM sedimentary sequences (older than 25Ka), the Old Fluvial Sequence(OFS) overlain by the Slope Sedimentary Sequence(SS) are distributed commonly at the base level higher than 14-15m above present river-bed along the major river basin. After the LGM (ca. 18Ka), the Young Fluvial Sequence(YFS) appears at an altitude ascending order of sedimentary profiles. In this fluvial organic muds of Jangheungri site(Jinju), Sorori site(Cheonwon), and Youngsan estruarine rivermouth(Mokpo) were exemplified in order to interpret their formation ages and environments. As result of $^{14}C$ datings, the formation ages of te organic muds are Boelling to Alleroed (MIS-1). These organic muds were fomed in fluvial backswamp or local pond/bog in response to shifting fluvial system. On the basis of palynological production dominant with Abies/Picea-Betula and Ranunculaceae, Compositae, Cyperaceae, and Graminae, it was interpreted that more boreal to subboreal condition was prevailed rather than temperate like today during the formation of organic muds and soil moisture condition was a repetition of wet and dry condition.