• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2012

Swine wastewater was treated using a unique sequence of ion exchange membrane bed system (IEBR). Organic matter and nutrient in swine wastewater was pre-treated by electron beam irradiation. The optimal dose for solubilization of organic matter in swine wastewater ranged from 20 kGy to 75 kGy. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were investigated as the solubilized organic fraction of swine wastewater and proteins and lipids mainly contained of the solubilized organic matter. The solubilization of organic matter in swine wastewater was affected by the combination effect of temperature and a dose. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency under room temperature conditions was 67.1%, while that under psychrophilic conditions was 54.6%. For removal of ammonia, the removal efficiency decreased from 63.6% at $23^{\circ}C$ to 33.5% $16.8^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the removal of phosphorus was not a function of temperature. Struvite was one of main mechanisms in anaerobic condition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.250-259
• /
• 2020

The solubilization constant (K_s) was determined by the UV-Vis method to investigate the interaction between organic matter (solubilized substance) and surfactant in solubilization. Solubilization constants and thermodynamic functions, according to the hydrophobic interaction between organic mater (4-alkylanilines with different alkyl substituent length) and cationic surfactants (DTAB, TTAB, and CTAB, having different hydrophobic lengths), were measured and calculated at various temperatures and compared with each other. As a result, the hydrophobic interactions between organic matters and cationic micelles increased with increasing the chain length of solute's substituent as well as surfactant's hydrophobe. However, the hydrophobic effect by the alkyl substituent of organic matter was greater than the hydrophobic effect by the surfactant. In addition, the results of the calculated thermodynamic functions showed that 4-alkylaniline was solubilized at the deep place in the micelle and its solubilization was greatly dependent on both the hydrophobic effects of organic matter and surfactant. At the calculated iso-structural temperature, the difference between the maximum and minimum values was less than 1K within the experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2019

In order to investigate the relation between sewage sludge solubilization and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) during alkaline-ultrasonic pretreatment, SCOD/TCOD ratio, solubilization rate, VSS/TS ratio, VSS reduction rate, LB-EPS(Loosely-Bound EPS) and TB-EPS(Tightly-Bound EPS) were measured. At the condition of TS 1.0% and pH 12, solubilization rate increased by 27.7%, LB-EPS as Carbohydrate and Protein increased by 14.6 and 13.3 mg/L/g TS, respectively. Withal, VSS decreased by 26.7% and TB-EPS as Carbohydrate and Protein were extracted by 15.7 and 21.9 mg/L/g TS, respectively. Consequently, the concentrations of organic matter and LB-EPS increased and the trends appeared similarly. In addition, the concentrations trend of decreasing solid matter and extracted TB-EPS also appeared similarly.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 2019

In this study, biodegradation efficiency improvement of mixed sludge for the anaerobic digestion process in wastewater treatment plant was investigated. In order to release the organic material contained in the sludge cell and promote the hydrolysis step, mixed sludge of 7% TS (Total Solids) was physically shear-treated at a shear strength of 1,000 ~ 4,000 rpm and a maximum of 120 mins. As a result of the comparison between mixed sludge before and after the treatment, the concentration of $SCOD_{Cr}$(Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand-chromium method) was increased through the conversion of granular organic matter into dissolved organic matter as shear strength and treatment time increases. The solubilization efficiency increased rapidly after 30 min of solubilization application time, and they were 11.23 %, 20.10 %, 22.52 % and 25.43% at 120 min for each shear strength conditions, respectively. Additionally, the BMP(Biochemical Methane Potential) test was conducted with the optimized samples to determine the increase of methane production by the shear pre-treatment. Consequently, methane production of each samples were 0.275, 0.310, 0.323 and $0.335m^3/kg\;VS_{add}$, which indicates that methane production was increased to a maximum of 21.28% compared to the control without the solubilization process ($0.262m^3/kg\;VS_{add}$). As a result, the physical shear-treatment is a promising process for sewage sludge pre-treatment to reduce the organic waste and increase the energy production.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.818-828
• /
• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the hydrothermal pretreatment of anaerobic digestion sludge cake (ADSC) of cattle manure on the solubilization of organic matter and the methane yield to improve the anaerobic digestion efficiency of cattle manure collected from the sawdust pens of cattle. Methods: Anaerobic digestion sludge cake of cattle manure was thermally pretreated at 160℃, 180℃, 200℃, and 220℃ by a hydrothermal pressure reactor, and the biochemical methane potential of ADSC hydrolysate was analyzed. Methane yield recovered by the hydrothermal pretreatment of ADCS was estimated based on mass balance. Results: The chemical oxygen demand solubilization degree (COD_s) of the hydrothermal hydrolysate increased to 63.56%, 67.13%, 70.07%, and 66.14% at the hydrothermal reaction temperatures of 160℃, 180℃, 200℃, and 220℃, respectively. Considering the volatile solids content obtained after the hydrothermal pretreatment, the methane of 10.2 Nm³/ton-ADSC was recovered from ADSC of 1.0 ton, and methane yields of ADSC hydrolysate increased to 15.6, 18.0, 17.4, and 17.2 Nm³/ton-ADSC. Conclusion: Therefore, the optimal hydrothermal reaction temperature that yielded the maximum methane yield was 180℃ based on mass balance, and the methane yield from cattle manure containing sawdust was improved by the hydrothermal pretreatment of ADSC.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.348-353
• /
• 2010

The current study investigated the fate of organic matter in piggery slurry under two different store systems(closed store system and open store system) in association with different temperature. Thirty days after storing in both systems at $20^{\circ}C$, it was observed that the content of organic matter remained in piggery slurry with closed store system was twice more than that with open store system implying more efficient degradation of organic matter with open store system. Temperature also influenced on the organic matter degradation in piggery slurry as shown decline in TS and VS contents as the temperature increased. With store at $35^{\circ}C$, 29% of initial organic matter was reduced while there was only 23% reduction of organic matter at $20^{\circ}C$. There was no difference in the type of organic fatty acids(VFAs) produced under the range of temperature(20, $35^{\circ}C$) simulating summer condition. Increases in organic fatty acids contents with hydrolysis and acid producing microbial was observed from 15 days after initiating store of the piggery slurry and the total organic acid amount produced 30 days after store was $2,829\;mg{\cdot}COD/L$ and $9,123\;mg{\cdot}COD/L$ at $20^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. These corresponded to 5.4% and 17.4% of the initial organic matter contents in piggery slurry, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2014

The effect of thermal pretreatment conditions on hydrolysis characteristics of dairy manure and sawdust mixtures has been evaluated. Thermal pretreatment temperature varied between 35 and $120^{\circ}C$ and the period of the treatment changed between 30 and 1440min (24h). As thermal pretreatment temperature and duration increased, organic material solublization rates were improved. Maximum solubilizations of chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrates, and volatile fatty acids(VFAs) were observed when dairy manure treated for one day at $120^{\circ}C$. Although one day treatment duration at $120^{\circ}C$ showed the highest SCOD, soluble carbohydrates, and VFAs concentration, its hydrolysis rate was only about 12%. The results reveal that the thermal pretreatment conditions tried in this study are not enough to solubilize the organic matter contained in dairy manure and sawdust mixtures. In order to maximize hydrolysis performance, the further research needs to determine the factors influences on organic material solubilization in addition to thermal pretreatment temperature and duration.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2007

In this study, thermalpretreatment was used to solubilize organic matter contained in sewage sludge before acid fermentation. By thermal pretreatment, solubilization of particulate CODcr, carbohydrate and protein increased. By thermal treatment at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, CODcr solubilization efficiency of the primary sludge reached 8.3%. Meanwhile, for the secondary sludge, CODcr solubilization efficiency reached 16.5% because of high solubilization ratio of protein under the same pretreatment conditon. The results of anaerobic biodegradability test showed that both VFAs conversion ratio and hydrolysis rate of organic compounds in sewage sludge were improved by thermal pretreatment. Meanwhile, the optimum thermal pretreatment condition was varied with composition of organic compounds in sludge. In this study, the optimun thermal pretreatment condition of the primary sludge, containing high concentration of carbohydrate, was $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, for the secondary sludge, mainly composed of protein, the sludge treated at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes showed the effective organic removal and VFAs production.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.781-788
• /
• 2007

The Carbon source to enhance the denitrification is essential matter in the advanced sewage treatment. For the high level of nutrient removal, external carbons such as ethanol, methanol, volatile fatty acids and so on should be needed. In this study, the methods to increase the sludge solubilization and acidification rate were compared with waste activated sludges and food waste leachate. Ultrasonication and acids were used for the pretreatment of organic particles in sludges. As a results, the optimal temperature and HRT were $60^{\circ}C$ and 5 days, respectively. HAc, HPr, HBr, and other VFAs for acid fermentations reduced up to 22, 16, 14, and 48% with HRT reduction. For the increase of solubilization, 28% of solids destruction rate was shown at 0.3 watts/mL.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 1998

The effects of soymilk residues solubilization by cellulase, protease, koji and yeast were investigated on dry matter and protein yields, amino acid and organic acid contents. Co-treatment of soymilk residues by cellulase and protease gave high dry matter yield and protein yield. Koji treatment followed by yeast fermentation was effective for increasing organic acid content and producing soy sauce-like taste and odor. Organic acid content of fermented hydrolysates was improved by cellulase treatment. Protease treatment rather than koji treatment gave high amino acid content, and cellulase treatment seemed to have little effect on increasing free amino acid content. In sensory evaluation, koji-treated hydrolysate showed higher overall acceptance than other hydrolysates, however it showed lower overall acceptance than commercial fermented soy sauce.