• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.274-288
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• 2018

Quantitative data of 50 non-polar organic compounds constituting $PM_{2.5}$ were continuously collected and analyzed from June 2016 to October 2017 (approximately 17 months) at Ichihara, one of the largest industrial areas in Japan. Target non-polar organic compounds including 21 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 24 species of n-alkanes and 5 species of phthalate esters(PAEs) were simultaneously measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Basically, the average concentrations of the total PAHs, n-alkanes and PAEs in each season remained nearly level, and seasonal variations were little throughout the study period. These results suggest that the emission sources, which are not influenced by the seasons, are the dominant inputs for the target organic compounds. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, assessment of n-alkane homologue distributions, carbon preference index, and the contribution of wax n-alkanes from plants were used to estimate source apportionments. These results indicate that anthropogenic sources were the main contributor for most PAHs and n-alkanes throughout the study period. The concentrations of PAEs selected in this study were low because emission amounts of these chemicals were little within the source areas of the sampling site. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to simultaneously measure a high number of non-polar organic compounds in $PM_{2.5}$ collected from the ambient air of Japan, and the resultant data will provide valuable data and information for environmental researchers.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

Humic acids react with chlorine to produce Trihalomethanes(THMs), known as carcinogens, during disinfection, the last stage in water purification. Currently, the removal of organic humic acids is considered the best approach to solve the problem of THM formation. Accordingly, the current study examined the adsorption of organic compounds of humic acids onto an inorganic carrier prepared from oyster shell waste. The adsorbent used was activated oyster shell powder(HAP) and silver ion-exchanged oyster shell powder(HAP-Ag), with CaCO$_3$ as the control. The adsorbates were phthalic acid, chelidamic acid, catechol, dodecylpyridinium chloride(DP), and 2-ethyl phenol(2-EP). The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch shaker at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 hours. The equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate solution was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer and the data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. Since the solution pH values were found to be greater than the pKa values of the organic compounds used as adsorbates, the compounds apparently existed in ionic form. The adsorptive affinities of the organic acid and phenolic compounds varied depending on the interaction of electrostatic forces, ion exchange, and chelation. More carboxylic acids and catechol, rather than DP and 2-EP, were adsorbed onto HAP and HAP-Ag. HAP and HAP-Ag exhibited a greater adsorptive affinity for the organic compounds than CaCO$_3$, used as the control.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2012

Radiocarbon is a powerful tool for studies of carbon cycling in the ocean. Development of measurement technology of accelerator mass spectrometry has enabled researchers to measure radiocarbon even in specific compounds. In this paper, a brief introduction on radiocarbon measurement and reporting of radiocarbon data is provided. Researches that used radiocarbon measurements on bulk organic matter, organic compound classes, and specific organic compounds are reviewed. Examples include works to understand the cycling of particulate and dissolved organic matter, biochemical composition of particulate organic matter, post-depositional transport of sedimentary organic matter, selective incorporation of fresh organic matter by benthic organisms, chemoautotrophy by archaea, and sources of halogenated chemical compounds found in marine mammals.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2010

Changes in volatile organic compounds were investigated during storage after electron beam irradiation. Grapes were irradiated at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 kGy and stored for 1 month at $4^{\circ}C$. Butanol, hexanal, [E]-2-hexenal, hexanol, and 3-methyl-butanol were the major volatile organic compounds of grapes. The types of volatiles in irradiated grapes were similar to those of non-irradiated samples but concentration differed among treatments. Some volatile compounds decreased during storage, whereas others, especially the esters, increased. Concentration of most volatile compounds were higher in pre-stored grapes than in post-stored fruit (thus, during the 30 days after irradiation by e-beam). Consequently, concentration of volatile organic compounds either increased or decreased after e-beam irradiation but these changes did not correlate with irradiation dose.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

The HS/GC/MS method was performed to analyze the volatile organic compounds in waste sludge samples. This study was performed to establish the fundamental data by studying the effects of salt, equilibrium temperature and time in the volatile organic compounds analysis. The presence of salts have been found to increase the sensitivity. The peak area is increased from 1.07 to 2.61 times by adding the salts to the water sample, compared with a salt tree sample. The recoveries of target compounds have found between 90% and 127% at sample temperature of $85^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. This HS/GC/MS method can be applied to analyze the volatile organic compounds and organohalo compounds in the environmental matrix.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1991

Visibility studies are conducted in oxidizing organic compounds with ozone to investigate the oxidation in the waste and sewage water. While the ozone has been used as one of the major oxidation of the waste and sewage water, it is not effective to distroy the polluted organic compounds with the practical concentration in waste water treatment. The result are shown follows ; 1. Upon oxidizing organic compound with ozone, the former is much oxidized under three meters and the latter under the ABS waste water. 2. In case of being oxidized organics waste water with ozone codis, much removed under medicine and chemical waste water than anothers of primary treatment process. 3. The final treated waste water of oxidizing organics is higher than that of filtered water or sedimented water. Specially in organics waste water the colority after oxidizing decrease from 95% to 99.9% this suggests that any organic compounds produced during ozonation night be dissdved in the final treated waste water.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2001

The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was anlyzed for major emission sources such as vehicle exhaust, gasoline and diesel vapor, organic solvent vapor, and butane fuel gas. Low carbon-numbered hydrocarbons were found to be the dominant components of gasoline vehicle exhaust. In gasoline evaporative vapor, the predominant constituents were found to be butane and iso-pentane regardless of ambient air temperature. In case of diesel evaporative vapor was similar to those of gasoline evaporative vapor. The composition of organic solvent vapor from painting, ink and petroleum consisted mostly or aromatic compounds such as toluene and m, p, o-xylene. The hydrocarbon fraction of butane fuel gas. which is used by portable bunner, consisted mainly of propane (34%) and butane(70%).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 1976

The present review records the known structures of more than 80 organic compounds containing halogens, which may be considered naturally occurring. The format of the review is based on the viewpoint of biochemists. Compounds containing one type of halogen atom have been placed in one of four major division, i.e., structures possessing fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine covalently bonded to carbon. Within each major division molecular structures are given along with the species from which the compounds have been isolated, The biological significance, if any, is also mentioned.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2007

Microorganisms which can degrade organic compounds such as proteins, lipids, and cellulose in food wastewater, were isolated from food wastewater, livestock wastewater, earthworm, and etc. Among these, eleven strains which showed higher degrading activities against three organic compounds, were finally isolated, characterized, and identified. Nine strains were found to be Bacillus species, and other two were to be Enterobacter sp. and Pantoea agglomerans. The strains FWB-5 (Bacillus pumilus), FWB-6 (B. lichenisformis) and OD-4 (Pantoea agglomerans), isolated from food wastewater and livestock wastewater, respectively, showed higher three enzyme activities to organic compounds, especially to cellulose, compared to other strains. The optimal growth conditions for the great enzyme activities were at $37^{\circ}C$ with pH 7.0 for FWB-5 and OD-4 strains, whereas, these were at $25^{\circ}C$ with pH 7.0 for FWB-6 strain.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1967

A procedure, which is effective enough to label various compounds at low temperature by radioactive iodine, was investigated. The chloramine-T procedure was mostly effective for labelling various protein, amino acids, hormones, and organic compounds by iodine, and the procedure was able to afford both high specific activity and high radiochemical yield. However, the procedure was ineffective for labelling unsaturated compounds or other organic compounds which has not active aromatic nucleus of reactive character. The radiochemical yield of the procedure was generally averaged from 100% to 60%. The reactivity of the aromatic part of the organic compound towards this reagent was correspond to that of an electrophillic reagent. The procedures were described and the reaction path was considered.