• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.508-516
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• 2019

Objectives: The present study was performed to obtain acute toxicity information on glyoxal in male rats after intratracheal instillation. Methods: In order to calculate the LD₅₀ of glyoxal using Probit analysis with SAS, the test article was one intratracheal instillation to male Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 225, 451 or 902 mg/kg. During the test period, mortality, clinical signs, and body and organ weights were examined. At the end of the 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem and histopathological examinations were performed. Results: Four animals of the 902 mg/kg group died within one week after the administration of glyoxal. All treatment group in a dose dependent manner, decreased body weight was found during the study period. The absolute and relative lung weight, and histopathological changes (bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia, chronic inflammation) of lung exhibited an increased in glyoxal treated groups in a dose dependent manner. However, there were no changes on the organ weights and histopathological changes of any other organ except lung. Conclusions: The results obtained in the present study suggest that the LD₅₀ in male Sprague-Dawley rats after a single intratracheal instillation of glyoxal was considered to be 866.9 mg/kg and the lung was found to be the target organ for glyoxal.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2009

This research aimed to investigate the time-course effect of epichlorohydrin (ECH) on epididymal histopathology in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned to four groups with 6 rats in each group and were administered a single oral dose of ECH (70 mg/kg) or its vehicle. Six animals each were sacrificed on days 0 (control), 1, 2, and 7 after treatment. During the study period, clinical signs, body weights, reproductive organ weights, testicular spermatid count, epididymal sperm count, motility and morphology, and histopathology were examined. No treatmentrelated effects on body weights and reproductive organ weights were noted at any time point. On the contrary, sperm motility decreased slightly on days 1 and 2 after treatment and then decreased significantly on day 7 after treatment. The first signs of histological changes were the appearance of cell debris in the ducts and vacuolization of the epithelial cells observed in the proximal caput epididymis on day 1 after treatment. The incidences and grades of the histological changes including cell debris in the ducts, epithelial vacuolization, oligospermia, and epithelial disruption increased on day 2 and then decreased slightly on day 7 after treatment. These results show that a single oral dose of 70 mg/kg ECH to male rats results in cell debris in the ducts and vacuolization of the epithelial cells in the proximal caput epididymis, followed by reversible oligospermia, epithelial disruption, and decreased sperm motility.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

In order to investigate the preliminary repeat oral dose toxicity and to determine the highest dosage for further 4-week repeated dose toxicity test, Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) has been showed various pharmacological effects, was orally administered to female and male rats, once a day for 14 days at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weights) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. The mortality and changes on the body weights, clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry and gross observations were monitored with organ weight and histopathology of principle organs. As the results of 14-day repeated oral treatment of LMF, no LMF treatment related mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats, respectively. In addition, no noticeable changes on the body weight and clinical signs were detected except for significant decreases on the body weights and gains restricted to male 2,000 mg/kg treated groups as compared with male vehicle control. No meaningful changes on the organ weights, hematological, serum biochemistrical, gross and histopathological findings were observed. Therefore the highest dosage in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity test is suggested as 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male rats, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate whether dietary essential oils could affect growth performance, relative organ weights, cecal microflora, immune responses and blood profiles of broiler chickens fed on diets containing different nutrient densities. A total of eight hundred-forty 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into twenty-eight pens (7 pens per treatment, 30 chicks per pen). There were four experimental diets containing two different nutrient densities and supplemented with or without essential oils. Experimental period lasted for 35 days. No clear interaction between nutrient density and essential oils on any of growth performance-related parameters was observed. Live body weights were affected (p<0.05) by nutrient density at 21 days and by dietary essential oils at 35 days. Essential oils significantly (p<0.05) increased daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the periods of 22 to 35 and 1 to 35 days, but failed to affect feed intake during the entire experimental period. Daily weight gain at 1 to 21 days and feed intake at 1 to 21 and 1 to 35 days were significantly impaired (p<0.05) by nutrient density. There were significant treatment interactions (p<0.05) on relative weights of bursa of Fabricius and abdominal fat contents. Finally, either essential oil or nutrient density did not influence the relative percentages of breast and leg meats, the population of cecal microflora, blood parameters and antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis in broiler chickens. It was concluded that dietary essential oils, independent to nutrient density, failed to stimulate feed intake, but increased growth performance in broiler chickens.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objectives: The present study investigated the potential subacute toxicity of 1,4-dichlorobutane (1,4-DCB) by a 2-week repeated oral dose in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The test chemical was administered once daily by gavage to male rats at dose levels of 0, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, and organ weights were examined. Results: At 2000 mg/kg/day, treatment-related clinical signs, as evidenced by hypothermia, decreased locomotor activity, piloerection, lying on side, and prone position were observed. All the rats were found dead on test day 2. At 667 mg/kg/day, polyuria, suppressed body weight gain, food consumption, and spleen and thymus weights, and increased adrenal gland and liver weights were observed.Hematological and serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphataseand total bilirubinand decreases in the serum $Na^+$ level, white blood cell count and lymphocyte ratio. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in the 74 and 222 mg/kg/day groups. Conclusions: In the present experimental conditions, target organs were determined to be spleen, thymus,and liver. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 222 mg/kg/day in male rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

The effects of methidathion on humoral immune response were studied in BALB/c mice. 0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day methidathion were administered orally for 14 days. The parameters examined to assess apparent toxicity of methidathion included changes of body weight, relative weight of spleen, thymus, sidney and liver, and viable spllenic cell numbers. To evaluate the humoral immune response, thymus, kidney and liver, and viable splenic cell numbers. To evaluate the humoral immune resopnse, the plaque forming cell(PFC) responses sheep the red blood cells (SRBC) and the lovels of serum IgG to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) were determined. No alterations were observed in changes of body weights, relative organ weights and the numbers of viable splenocytes by exposure to any dose of methidathion. At the dose of 0.5mg/kg only PFC response was decreased, whereas both PFC response and the level of serum IgG were decreased significantly at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg. These results indicate that exposure to methidathion may cause sup[pression of humoral immune reponse in mice without overt changed in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2018

Objectives: The study is aimed at evaluating the possible toxicity in 90-day repeated oral administration of modified Samjung-hwan (mSJH) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This study was conducted to detect the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Methods: Modified SJH extract was administered orally in male and female SD rats at dose of 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 mg/kg. Each group consisted of 10 rats of each gender. The modified SJH extract was given once a day for 90 days. We monitored the changes of mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urine analysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, histological markers of all animals treated with modified SJH extract during the study period. Results: There were no toxicologically significant changes in mortalities, clinical signs, body weight gains, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urine analysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, histological markers in any of rats tested. Conclusions: The NOAEL of the modified SJH extract in male rats and no observed effect level (NOEL) in female rats are considered 4,000 mg/kg.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of Sobokchuko-tang (SBC) in male and female mice. Methods: Aqueous extract of SBC (yield=6.60%) was administered to female and male mice as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 14 principle organs were also examined. Results: we could not find any SBC treatment related mortality and clinical signs, changes in the body and organ weights, gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs, except for pharmacological immunomodulatory effects related findings including significant increases of submandibular lymph node weights, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in the submandibular lymph nodes restrictly detected in 2,000 mg/kg treated female and male mice with some sporadic accidental findings. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that the 50% lethal dose and approximate lethal dose of SBC aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg, the limited highest dosage recommended by KFDA Guidelines, and can be safety used in clinics.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.160-160
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• 2003

Plasma melatonin in the seasonal light-period is circadian rhythmically secreted. Maximal secretion showed at 14 o'clock in summer- and winter-like period, but minimal secretion showed at 5 o'clock in summer-like period and at 8 in winter-like period. These times of minimal secretions were at the beginning of light period. Plasma melatonin in the light period is secreted 62.5% more than in the dark period in summer-like period and 45.9% more in winter-like period. Total plasma melatonin in winter-like period is secreted 56.5% more than in summer-like period. The weights of testis(-20.8%) and body(-7.1%) were reduced in the winter-like period. By the increase of plasma melatonin in mice, body- and testis-weights are decreased, on the contrary by the decrease of plasma melatonin in mice, body and testis weights are increased. In view of the results so far achieved melatonin changes on the body weight and reproductive organ in mice. It is presumed that melatonin effects on the metabolism and sex hormone.