• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.537-549
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• 2022

Preproenkephalin (PPE) is a precursor molecule for multiple endogenous opioid peptides Leu-enkephalin (ENK) and Met-ENK, which are involved in a wide variety of modulatory functions in the nervous system. Despite the functional importance of ENK in the brain, the effect of brain-derived factor(s) on PPE expression is unknown. We report the dual effect of neural epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like-like 2 (NELL2) on PPE gene expression. In cultured NIH3T3 cells, transfection of NELL2 expression vectors induced an inhibition of PPE transcription intracellularly, in parallel with downregulation of protein kinase C signaling pathways and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Interestingly, these phenomena were reversed when synthetic NELL2 was administered extracellularly. The in vivo disruption of NELL2 synthesis resulted in an increase in PPE mRNA level in the rat brain, suggesting that the inhibitory action of intracellular NELL2 predominates the activation effect of extracellular NELL2 on PPE gene expression in the brain. Biochemical and molecular studies with mutant NELL2 structures further demonstrated the critical role of EGF-like repeat domains in NELL2 for regulation of PPE transcription. These are the first results to reveal the spatio-specific role of NELL2 in the homeostatic regulation of PPE gene expression.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity in induced vetch cultivars at paddy field of Cheonan (National Institute of Animal Science) and Naju (Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The vetch cultivars used in this study were 6 varieties ('VV4712', 'Welta', 'Penn-02', 'Ostsaat', 'Oregon com.', 'Sander 2'). At the Naju region, the most fast flowering date variety was Chinese milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 20th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 21.7%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest DM yield by 5,406 kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Ostsaat' was low by 4,852 kg/ha. At the Cheonan region, the most fast flowering date variety was Korean milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 25th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 16.9%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' showed the highest DM yield by 2,173 kg/ha and 1,883 kg/ha respectively, but the DM yield of 'VV4712' was low by 1,079 kg/ha. Crude protein (CP) content of vetch was 11.5%. 'Sander 2' showed the highest CP content by 14.4% and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content were 26.8%, 42.2% and 67.5%, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of vetch cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as main factor when induce vetch cultivars. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Oregon com.' at the Naju region and 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' at the Cheonan region would be recommendable for fall sown 'vetch' for dry matter production.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2013

Velvet is a luxury cloth. In Fashion it dresses the Elite. In Interiors, it covers palace walls and upholsters elegant furniture. In every culture throughout its history velvet's sumptuous surfaces denotes luxury, status, power, privilege and wealth. My humble aim is to reveal the artisan in the art-to comprehend the mastery of weaving techniques, to understand the design principles, to study the everyday practice of the weavers at work. In the few ateliers that still weave silk velvet by hand, I have documented their processes and now want to share this knowledge with the broader textile community in hopes of expanding the appreciation of their art. I approach as a fellow weaver striving to learn the mechanics, the practical aspects that guide the work from initial idea to finished cloth. I leave the difficulties of establishing provenance and other important analyses to my more learned textile historian colleagues.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

Asynchronous ranging is one practical method to implement a locating system that provides accurate results. However, a locating system utilizing asynchronous ranging generates a large number of messages that cause transmission delays or failures and degrades the system performance. This paper proposes a novel approach for efficient congestion control in an asynchronous range-based locating system. The proposed method significantly reduces the number of messages generated during the reader discovery phase by eavesdropping on other transmissions and improves the efficiency of ranging by organizing the tags in a hierarchical fashion in the measurement phase. Our evaluation shows that the proposed method reduces the number of messages by 70% compared to the conventional method and significantly improves the success rate of ranging.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2018

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.16-18
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• 2003

Seven specimens of Sebastes melanops, black rockfish and three of S. maliger, quillback rockfish, were collected from Oregon Coast Aquarium during the period of September 19 to November 5, 2001 and examined for parasites. One monogenean helminth species and parasitic copepod species were recorded from black and quillback rockfishes, respectively. A total of 26 parasites were collected: 16 Microcotyle sebastis from the gill filaments of black and quillback rockfishes and 10 Clavella adunca were found in the fins of black rockfish. The prevalence of Microcotyle sebastis was 40.0%, and intensity of infection was 2.0(1-11). With regard to Clavella adunca, the prevalence and intensity were 20.0% and 1.4(2-8), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1995

The present study explored a factor, social support, that could mediate the relationship between negative life events and behavioral problems during adolescence. It was hypothesized that social support from parents, peers, and teachers would be an effective mediator between negative life events and delinquent behavior. Data were collected from 161 of the 9th graders in a high school in a coastal community of Oregon. A series of path analyses using regression techniques was used to examine the research hypotheses. Results indicated that social support mediated the relationship between negative life events and delinquent behavior, implying the importance of social support from family, peers, and school in preventing delinquent behavior among adolescents. That is, negative life events were found to exert influence indirectly upon delinquent behavior through its direct effect on social support. Results were discussed in relation to the effects of negative life events on social support and delinquent behavior.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

This study examined the developmental trajectories of perceived level of stress and depression in Korean youth using longitudinal data from the Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS) of 2,844youth (1,524 boys) across $4^{th}$ grade through $8^{th}$ grade. Latent growth modeling indicated the presence of age-related, significant increases in stress and depression for both boys and girls. Girls experienced greater in stress and depression than did boys. Multiple group analysis indicated that there was no significant sex difference in effects of stress on depression. Overall, increases in stress were associated with increases in depression levels for both boys and girls. Conceptual and clinical implications of the findings were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.156-163
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• 1995

이 연구는 간호사의 보건정책과 정치에 대한 미래지도력을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로써 한국의 4년제 간호학과에서 가르쳐야할 보건정책과목을 상세하게 제시한다. 새로운 보건정책과목 개설을 위한 기초작업으로써, 미국 간호사들의 정치와 정책참여에 대한 사례를 열거하고 어떻게 간호사들이 정책에 참여하고 영향력을 발휘 했는지를 서술한다. 특히 Oregon plan과 지역사회 중심으로 형성된 연합체제와 간호정책 분석가의 역할이 소개된다. 간호사들의 사회 정치 진출의 한 방법으로써 간호교육에서의 보건정책과목의 필요성과 중요성이 언급되며, 미국의 4년제 간호대학 학부과정, 석사과정, 박사과정에서 가르쳐지는 보건정책 과목이 소개된다. 간호정책 전문가로써의 등용문으로 알려 진 Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Internship과 Fellowship이 소개한다. 미국간호사들의 보건정책 참여방법과 현재 가르쳐지는 보건정책과목의 장점을 토대로 하여 우리의 실정에 맞는 간호학생을 위한 보건정책 과목이 제시되어진다. 보건정책과목의 목적과 내용이 자세히 서술되어지고 역동적인 실습과정이 소개되어진다. 또한 학과목으로 정착되기 위해서 필요한 새로운 전략이 서술되어 진다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

The chicken egg provides a perfectly packaged, portion controlled, highly nutritious food containing vital nutrients essential for maintaining human health. However, concern by health professionals over the possible association of diets high in fat and cholesterol to chronic diseases has led to a decrease in egg consumption. Several different strategies have been adopted by the poultry food industry to enhance the nutritional value of eggs. The major emphasis has been focused on the modification of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and fat soluble vitamins. This review briefly describes the composition, lipid nutrient content and the positive health effects of egg lipid nutrients.