• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.434-450
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• 2001

This study is designed to understand the meaning and nature of raising children with cerebral palsy. It researches the experience of mothers of schoolchildren with cerebral palsy by the research method of hermeneutic phenomenology. The study was conducted from November 10, 1999 to December 20, 2000. When children with cerebral palsy usually show symptoms in the early stage of cerebral palsy, mothers do not take children to a doctor for diagnosis. And, most of mothers have a difficult time to accept the reality; they usually respond to the initial diagnosis with shock, reproach, and deny. When mothers start recognizing the reality, they consider that their children have cerebral palsy due to the their mismanagement during pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and initial treatment. They shelter their children from view and feel guilty that they cannot afford to try folk remedies for their children. As time passes, mothers face conflicts between families in diverse ways. Families put the blame on genetic effects. Mothers-in-law give their daughters-in-law a hard time, husbands shift the responsibility of raising children onto their wives, and trouble arises between families-in-law and mothers native families. When children grow up, it is physically difficult for mothers to take care their children. In addition, they suffer from all the troubles in family due to childrens handicap. Mothers try the diverse methods of bringing up children. However, they start getting tired of raising children as they experience failures and financial difficulties. Mothers feel collapsed recalling the ways of raising children. They feel anxiety, miserable, lonely, and worrying when they think how children would attend school, make friends, and live in the future. In this stage, mothers do their best to raise their children with hope. They tend to compare their children with others without handicap and spend money and time in attempting all the treatments. When mothers and children join the society at school, they find that the society does not understand disabled people, teachers show inconsiderate attitude, friends avoid them, and children hardly follow classes. Such experiences make mothers feel angry and frustrated. However, when children adapt to school, mothers see the possibility that children could accomplish schoolwork. They appreciate teachers help and others consideration. Mothers place appropriate expectations on their children and help them to prepare for the future. I would make following suggestions based on the results. 1. As a primary basic course of rehabilitation nursing intervention, solution-centered nursing intervention system should be developed. The intervention needs to be based on the understanding of mothers, who raise children with cerebral palsy, through in-depth interview. 2. Advance researches on the development of individual nursing intervention should be conducted. Individual nursing intervention needs to prevent and release actual pain focusing on mothers raising children with cerebral palsy. 3. Integrated curriculum that help children with cerebral palsy lead a normal school life with ordinary children should be developed. 4. Basic research on using of facilities and effective application of service volunteer to help children with cerebral palsy in school needs to be conducted.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.197-219
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• 2008

Unlike ordinary situations, deifinitions play a very important role in mathematics education in schools. Mathematical concepts have been mainly acquired by given definitions. However, according to didactical intentions, mathematics education in schools has employed mathematical concepts and definitions with less strict forms than those in pure mathematics. This research mainly discusses definitions used in geometry (promising) course in primary schools to cope with possibilities of creating misconception due to this didactical transformation. After analyzing problems with potential misconceptions, a survey was conducted $\underline{with}$ 80 primary school teachers in Jeju to investigate their recognitions in meaning of mathematical concepts in geometry and attitudes toward teaching. Most of the respondents answered they taught their students while they knew well about mathematical definitions in geometry but the respondents sometimes confused mathematical concepts of polygons and circles. Also, they were aware of problems in current mathematics textbooks which have explained figures in small topics (classes). Here, several suggestions are proposed as follows from analyzing teachers' recognitions and researches in mathematical viewpoints of definitions (promising) in geometric figures which have been adopted by current mathematics textbooks in primary schools from the seventh educational curriculum. First, when primary school students in their detailed operational stage studying figures, they tend to experience $\underline{a}$ collision between concept images acquired from activities to find out promising and concept images formed through promising. Therefore, a teaching method is required to lessen possibility of misconceptions. That is, there should be a communication method between defining conceptual definitions and Images. Second, we need to consider how geometric figures and their elements in primary school textbooks are connected with fundamental terminologies laying the foundation for geometrical definitions and more logical approaches should be adopted. Third, the consistency with studying geometric figures should be considered. Fourth, sorting activities about problems in coined words related to figures and way and time of their introductions should be emphasized. In primary schools mathematics curriculum, geometry has played a crucial role in increasing mathematical ways of thoughts. Hence, being introduced by parts from viewpoints of relational understanding should be emphasized more in textbooks and teachers should teach students after restructuring this. Mathematics teachers should help their students not only learn conceptual definitions of geometric figures in their courses well but also advance to rigid mathematical definitions. Therefore, that's why mathematics teachers should know meanings of concepts clearly and accurately.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2002

The hip-hop fashion of the nineteens is just as important in hip-hop as in rapping, breaking, or graffitiwriting to young people. Hip-hop fashions major influences range from martial-arts moves, to street-gang uniforms and paraphernalia. Hip-hop fashion grew and evolved with the subculture. The identification with street-gang culture is important to hip-hop in general and still set the pace for hip-hop fashion. There are things that are necessary fashion components for each segment of hip-hop life. So even prisons are now selling prison clothes. Explaining the look, The rawest street element is a jail element, so the strongest statement is a uniform with shirts and trousers that match perfectly, like a jail piece. Insiders can detect the away of gang and prison culture on the iconography of seemingly innocuous brands. Hip-hop glam is part of an evolution of hip-hop style. Rap's gone luxe, and it is women who are leading the high-fashion charge. They wear in diamonds and fur. Now it is a very glam. Now, many brands are upping their marketing activities through a focus on their women's lines in advertising, and featuring hot celebrities. There is also a lot of rethinking of looks going on. Sexy and tight is emerging as the style of choice in this market and fabrications are becoming more important, as designers refine and upgrade their women's line. The clothes of hip-hop glam were the ordinary with the extraordinary: Designer fur and leather with athletic team jerseys, Nike sneakers, diamond bracelets and mall brands like Guess and Fubu. The hip-hop musician's sporty hip-hop looks has amply young people. The hip-hop looks of baggy jeans, oversized shirts and rugged outerwear have become a part of mainstream fashion. Hip-hop fashion has the characteristics of being sporty. In the 90s, Military look has got one of the fashionable hip-hop fashion style. It does not have inner symbolic meaning or ideology but it only represents a fashion trend and revival fashion. Not only fashion designer but also hip-hop musician selected the trend for hip-hop fashion style.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to assess the need for wedding etiquette training for couples in order to provide basic educational materials for brides and grooms-to-be. This survey consisted of 43 questions. The questions pertaining to the need for wedding etiquette training were measured using the 5-point Likert scale. The survey was conducted between September 1st, 2011 and December 1st, 2011. The research subjects consisted of 230 brides and grooms-to-be. Questionnaires were analyzed by frequency analysis, F-test, t-test, and correlation analysis using SPSS/win17.0. Based on our findings, we would like to make the following proposals and conclusions. First, as the importance of a wedding education program could be ascertained, educational demands need to be gathered and applied to the operation of such programs. The education and training programs need to be activated by wedding preparation education centers or the Health and Family Support Center, on weekends or week nights 3 months prior to a couple's wedding ceremony. Second, wedding etiquette training content needs to be included in existing education programs that primarily focus on helping couples adapt to married life. Such training content should specifically include the etiquette of exchanging wedding presents, home life etiquette, etiquette for the formal meeting between the families of the bride and bridegroom, pyebaek etiquette and ham (a box of wedding gifts sent by a bridegroom to his bride before the wedding) etiquette. Third, when examining the particulars of the need for wedding etiquette training, we came to the conclusion that couples should be properly educated about the meaning and value of the wedding presents, pyebaek and ham that are required during traditional wedding ceremonies. Fourth, the need for wedding etiquette training was shown to be higher for women than for men. It was also higher for individuals in specialized fields than for ordinary company employees. Wedding etiquette training programs need to be structured with such considerations in mind. Fifth, when structuring the program for wedding etiquette training, the correlation of the needs for training should be considered. It is necessary to prepare training plans by dividing the program into the following categories: the formal meeting between the families of the bride and the bridegroom, ham and wedding presents, wedding ceremony etiquette, pyebaek, and home life etiquette training.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제30집
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• pp.301-318
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• 2009

이 글은 불구동물이 등장하는 시조의 특성에 기대 "청(靑)개고리 복질(腹疾)하여 주근 날밤$\sim$"을 해석하는 데 목적이 있다. 시조에 동물이 등장하는 경우는 흔하지만 이것이 불구상태에 있는 것은 드물다. 흔히 이런 시조에 대해 당대의 부조리한 상황과 결부해 읽어내려는 경향이 있지만 사설시조를 이해하기 위한 전제에 기댔을 때 다른 해석이 가능하다. 사설시조에서만 발견할 수 있는 불구동물이 등장하는 시조는 '진지한 발화'가 아니라 '허튼소리'가 진술되는 단계에서 가창된다. 신체가 멀쩡한 자들이 흉내낼 수 있는 기형은 어떤 것이건 희극적이기에 자신의 불구를 망각한 개구리, 두꺼비, 개미의 행동은 가창공간에 있던 참석자들에게 희극적으로 기능한다. "청(靑)개고리 복질(腹疾)하여 주근 날 밤"(#2834)에서 청개구리의 죽음은 단순한 죽음이 아니라 #3160에 등장한 새끼 개구리이거나 혹은 공간의 분위기를 이미 저해했던 참가자가 가창공간에 참석하지 않은 것을 가리킨다. 결국 가창공간의 여러 정황을 고려했을 경우, 불구동물 등장 시조는 교훈적이거나 비판적 시각과 관련된 게 아니라 공간의 분위기를 유지 고조시켰던 노래라 할 수 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1999

Examine the dress which the Emperor actually wore in Gun-ryung 42nd year of Ching dynasty, comparison of 《Cheong-hoi-jeon-do》 with the Emperors year-round dress in Gun-ryung the 41st year was made and summarize the result as follows. It was used almost similar to the code of 《Cheong-hoi-jeon-do》. Though the materials and colors were more diverse than those of the previous year, it seems that actual use of material was plain under the influence of mourning. All the materials for summer hat were rattans. And velvet was the material for the patrol hat, but actually used before they change to summer material after fur use was over according to the season, which can be said as more reasonable use than the code. Materials of coat were more diverse than the precious year and also they put on ko-hemp cloth which was not found in the previous year. This can be understood that they expressed their guilt-consciousness to the dead as dress material by wearing ko-hemp cloth during the summer after periiod of mourning was over. And they put on the ko-hemp, the Emperors ordinary dress, much longer time than the previous year and this seems to be coherent to the meaning of wearing ko-hemp cloth. They followed the Emperor\`s Jo-bok1 one for the Kae-bok which were not systematized and Jae-dae used Jo-dae2 as the Emperor\`s Jae-bok in 42nd year. This was the same as the Jae-bok code of the previous year. Jo-ju did not follow the code of 《Cheong-hoi-jeon-do》, but made a wide variety. For the belt, the same as 41st year, it marked the gem decoration style on the Jae-bok belt as a square type and mourning dress by using the round type. The Emperors dress in 41nd year showed one side of the patrol clothes by the patrol of San-dong. On the contrary, it was also the chance to see one side of funeral garments in 42nd year. In Gun-ryung 42nd year, the Emperor put on the funeral garments for hundred days. Accordingly even in parts, we can see that the Emperor wore two kinds of dress for hundred days, that is, color dress and white dress and white dress. While on duty, in other words, everyday dress was only blue color and also the same color for the belt and shoes. But didn\`t put on Jo-ju. When they were in mourning, they wore white dress and belt as a funeral garments, which were called Hyo-bok, Hyo-bok.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.375-397
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• 2011

한 미 FTA 발효를 앞두고 미국 통상법에 대한 관심이 더욱 높아지고 있다. 특히, 미국의 반덤핑조치 남용은 이미 여러 선진국들을 통하여 문제가 제기 되어 왔기 때문에 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 반덤핑조사를 개시하기 위하여 먼저 "조사대상상품"의 범위를 결정하여야 하지만, WTO 반덤핑협정을 비롯하여 미국 반덤핑법에서도 아무런 규정을 하고 있지 않다. 미국 반덤핑법은 국내 동종상품을 (관세법에 의거하여) 조사 중인 상품과 같거나, 같은 상품이 없는 경우 성질과 용도 면에서 가장 유사한 상품이라고 정의하고 있다. 이처럼 동종상품 분석은 조사대상상품에서 비롯된다. 상무부는 통상의 의미로 조사대상상품을 해석하여야 한다. 유의할 것은 상무부가 일반적으로 조사신청자의 의도를 반영하는 방법으로 반덤핑조사의 범위를 정의할 수 있는 광범위한 재량을 향유하고 있다는 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 미국 반덤핑법의 조사대상상품의 범위와 관련한 규정들을 살펴보고, 관련 사례들을 분석하였다. 더욱이, 조사대상상품의 범위는 이후 반덤핑관세명령의 범위에도 영향을 미치기 때문에 이에 대하여도 검토하였다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2011

본 연구는 신라시대 이래 일반 민중들에게 가장 영향력이 컸던 경전 속의 땅 극락정토가 사찰에 어떠한 모습으로 현현되고 있는지를 밝히기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 우선 극락정토에 대한 연구동향을 살펴 본 논문의 성격을 분명히 하였으며, 정토사상의 소의경전인 관무량수경에서 설해지고 있는 극락정토의 7가지의 경관상과 그것을 그림으로 표현한 관경변상도의 내용을 현실적으로 해석하였다. 다음으로는 우리나라 사찰 가운데에서 정토사상에 근거하여 지어진 정토계(미타계) 사찰에서 극락정토의 수승한 경관이 어떻게 현현되었는지를 규명하는 단계로 진행되었다. 연구의 결과, 한국의 정토계 사찰에서는 관무량수경에서 관한 극락정토의 수승한 경관을 실제 사찰의 경관으로 현현하고 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 그러나 연구대상사찰에서 나타나는 이러한 경관요소나 경관성은 한국의 사찰에서 흔히 나타나는 것일 수도 있어서 관무량수경의 내용이 정토계 사찰에서만 나타나는 특징적인 현상으로 보기는 어려웠다. 그렇지만 부석사와 용연사에서 발견되는 서방에 대한 의미 부여, 여러 사찰에서 나타나는 계류에 놓인 다리의 명칭, 석단이나 계단에 적용된 법수, 누각의 명칭 등은 관무량수경의 내용을 현실적으로 보여주는 정토계 사찰이 가지는 독특한 현상으로 파악되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 특별히 주목하고자 하는 것은 관무량수경이나 관경변상도에서 적극적으로 강조되고 있고, 또한 빠짐없이 표현되고 있는 연지는 그 사례를 연구대상사찰에서 찾아보기 어려워, 지금까지 정토계 사찰에서 연지가 예외 없이 조성되었을 것이라는 생각은 수정되어야 한다는 것으로 이에 대한 연구는 앞으로 지속되어야 할 것으로 본다.

• 기호학연구
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• 제54호
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• pp.177-203
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• 2018

영화 ${\ll}$신과 함께-죄와 벌${\gg}$을 대상으로 관객이 영화의 메시지를 효과적으로 전달받을 수 있는 일종의 구성 원리가 있음을 밝히고자 했다. 논의를 위해 '공간'을 메타언어로 하여 서사구조를 분석했다. 구체적으로, 시간을 중심으로 구성되는 서사를 해체하여 공간의 구성으로 전환해 살폈고, 공간에서 벌어지는 사건 양상과 인물의 공간 이동 양상에 주목했다. 사건들은 등장인물들이 일곱 개의 지옥을 이동하는 가운데 벌어지며, 이 일곱 개의 지옥은 서로 연속되기보다는 독립적으로 존재하고 있다. 개별적인 지옥에서 벌어지는 개별적인 사건들은 반복되는 양상을 드러냈다. 이러한 반복적인 형식과 반복적인 내용은 하나의 패턴이 되어 수용자에게 '외부 자극'으로 작용하고 수용자 내부에서 '자기커뮤니케이션'을 발생시키게 된다. 예술텍스트로 인한 감동은 텍스트가 전달하는 맥락과 메시지를 수용자가 적극적으로 받아들이는 상황에서 발생한다. 즉, 감동의 원리는 수용자가 적극적으로 메시지를 받아들이게 하는 '설득'을 기반으로 한다. 반복되는 정보는 수용자의 심상에서 자기커뮤니케이션을 일으켜 '또 다른 정보'가 된다. 달리 말해, 영화가 직접적으로 전달하는 메시지 뿐 아니라 '반복성' 그 자체도 수용자에게 자극이 되어 영화 속 장면을 통해 스스로의 삶을 성찰하게 만든다. 요컨대, 텍스트적 세계가 구현해내는 공간의 분할과 인물의 이동, 이로 인한 반복성은 반복적인 자극이 되어 관객에게 개인적 성찰의 시간을 만들어내고, 바로 이것이 이 영화로부터 메시지가 전달되는 원리라고 할 수 있다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2021

우리는 드라마 <명동백작>(2004)을 통해서 드라마가 1950년대 한국문화와 문학을 대중에게 전달하는 양상을 검토한다. 이 드라마는 명동에 주목하여 1950년대의 사회와 문학을 조망한다. 이 드라마는 평범한 사람들을 등장시켜서 당시의 사회상을 현실적으로 시청자들에게 소개할 뿐만 아니라, 연구자들의 인터뷰를 삽입하여 시청자들의 이해를 돕는다. 또한 시인 이봉구의 시선을 통하여 서로 다른 문학인들과 그들의 문학을 연결시켜서 서사적 완결성을 얻어내는 동시에, 시청자들로 하여금 문학인들의 내면을 이해할 수 있게 한다. 주인공 이봉구는 드라마의 결말에서 다시 등장하는데, 그의 평가는 후대의 평가에 대한 의미 있는 강변이자, 1950년대의 한국문학을 시대적 아픔을 낭만적 정취와 문학적 열정으로 극복하고자 한 결과물로서 의미화한다. 특히 이 드라마는 1950년대 전후(戰後)라는 시대적 배경에 대한 시청자들의 이해와 실감, 문화적 맥락에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 전문가와 해설자를 등장시켜 설명한다. 비록 드라마의 직접적인 해설에 의한 제한적인 해석이라는 또다른 함정을 내포하게 하지만, 맥락 속에서 인물들의 선택을 이해하고, 더 나아가 이들의 문학관을 이해하게 하는 데에 주효하였던 것은 분명하다. 그러므로 드라마 <명동백작>은 영상을 통하여 1950년대의 문학과 문화 풍경을 대중적이고도 진정성 있게 시청자에게 전달한 의미 있는 텍스트이다.