• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.294-300
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• 2011

This study was performed to examine the presence of dysphagia and analyze characteristics of the symptoms in cerebrovascular accident(CVA) patients without awareness of dysphagia. A questionnaire for this study was given to CVA patients who had visited P rehabilitation medical center in Busan. Eleven patients (4 males and 7 females) who answered no awareness of dysphasia were given to VFSS, functional dysphasia scale, and NCSE. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were performed by SPSS 12.0. All of subjects without awareness of dysphasia showed characteristics of dysphasia symptoms. Prominent dysfunctions were problems in oral phase and delay of swallowing reflex in pharyngeal phase. For the aspect of cognition, they showed lower score in construction, memory, and similarity than other NCSE items. There was highly significant correlation between orientation, judgment and delay of swallowing reflex. Verbal comprehension and residual materials in oral cavity showed closed correlation. CVA patients without awareness had dysphagia with high probability. The early evaluation of dysphagia should be performed in CVA patients in order to prevent complications due to CVA, so it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.510-523
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• 2009

Geodemographics(GD) can be defined as an analytical approach of socio-economic and behavioral data about people to investigate geographical patterns. GD is based on the assumptions that demographical and behavioral characteristics of people who live in the same neighborhood are similar and then the neighborhoods can be categorized with spatial classifications with the geographical classifications. Thus, this paper, in order to identify the applicability of the geographical classification of the GD, explores the concepts of the geodemographics into Seoul city areas with Korea census data sets that contain key characteristics of demographic profiles in the area. Then, this paper attempt to explain each area classification profile by using clustering techniques with Ward's and k-means statistical methods. For this as as as, this paper employs 2005 Census dataset released by Korea National Statistics Office and the neighborhood unit is based on Dong level, the smallest administrative boundary unit in Korea. After selecting and standardizing variables, several areas are categorized by the cluster techniques into 13, this paps as distinctive cluster profiles. These cluster profiles are used to cthite a short description and expand on the cluster names. Finally, the results of the classification propose a reasonable judgement for target area types which benefits for the people who make a spatial decision for their spatial problem-solving.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.497-514
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• 2017

This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of emission inventory choices on the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the domestic/foreign contributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with an air quality forecasting system. The forecasting system is composed of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)-Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ). Different domestic and foreign emission inventories were selectively adopted to set up four sets of emissions inputs for air quality simulations in this study. All modeling cases showed that model performance statistics satisfied the criteria levels (correlation coefficient >0.7, fractional error <50%) suggested by previous studies. Notwithstanding the apparently good model performance of total PM concentrations by all emission cases, annual average concentrations of simulated total PM concentrations varied up to $20{\mu}g/m^3$ (160%) depending on the combination of emission inventories. In detail, the difference in simulated annual average concentrations of the primary PM coarse (PMC) was up to $25.2{\mu}g/m^3$ (6.5 times) compared with other cases. Furthermore, model performance analyses on PM species showed that the difference in the simulated primary PMC led to gross model overestimation in general, which indicates that the primary PMC emissions need to be improved. The contribution analysis using model direct outputs indicated that the domestic contributions to the annual average PM concentrations in the SMA vary from 44% to 67%. To account for the uncertainty of the simulated concentration, the contribution correction factor method proposed by Bae et al. (2017) was applied, which resulted in converged contributions(from 48% to 57%). We believe this study shows that it is necessary to improve the simulated concentrations of PM components in order to enhance the accuracy of the forecasting model. It is deemed that these improvements will provide more accurate contribution results.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a widely used herbicide has caused serious environmental problems because of its difficult decomposition in nature. We isolated the strain capable of metabolizing 2,4-D as sole carbon and energy source by an enrichment culture technique from the 2,4-D contaminated soil collected at orchard in Gwangju, Korea. This strain was identified tentatively as Aeromonas sp. NOH2. With this strain, we established the response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design) to optimize the principle parameters for maximizing biodegradation of 2,4-D such as culture pH, temperature, and nutrient concentration in liquid batch culture. The ranges of parameters were obtained from preliminary works done at our laboratory and chosen as 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 for pH, 25, 30, and $35^{\circ}C$ for temperature, and 5, 20, and 35 g/1 nutrient concentration. Initial concentration of 2,4-D was 500 ppm and nutrient source was tryptic soy broth. The experimental data were significantly fitted to a second order polynomial equation using multiple regression. The most important parameter influencing 2,4-D degradation and biomass production was nutrient concentration. For 2,4-D degradation, the optimum values of pH and temperature, and nutrient concentration were obtained at pH (6.5), temperature (31.8 to $32.1^{\circ}C$), and nutrient concentration (29.6 to 30.1.0 g/1).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.367-384
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• 2014

This study addresses an empirical issue which has been received little attention in the contemporary finance literature: To identify any financial determinants of the profitability indices for the firms belonging to the Korean chaebol. Three hypotheses of concern were postulated and tested for the sample firms covering the periods of the pre-and post-financial global crises. Regarding the results on the 1st hypothesis test of characterizing any financial profiles for the firms (belonging to the chaebols) by estimating a legitimate panel data model: the present study found the statistically significant relationships of the explanatory variables (BVLEVl, MVLEVl, MV/BV, RISK, FCFF and FOS) with the book-value based profitability ratio: while the market-valued profitability index was explained only by BVLEV2. Regarding the 2nd hypothesis test for the profitability of the sample firms at the industry level: the chaebol firms in the chemical and the food industries overall positioned themselves into the top ranks in order, which was tested by the ANCOVA and the Tukey multiple comparison procedure. Finally: on the 3rd hypothesis test for the 'adjusted' Dupont system, only two such as the 'operating margin' and the 'asset turnover' showed their significant effects between the chaebol firms and their counterparts in both the (parametric) independent samples t-test and the (nonparametric) Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistics.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Actual pesticide usage in fruit vegetable cultivation was surveyed. Usage trend of in of vidual pesticides was evaluated to provide the data for the development of indicators of environmental impact and the production of safe agricultural products. The amount of the pesticides used for fruit vegetables was revealed in order of fungicide> insecticide> herbicide, showing that the portion of fungicide to the total amount used was about 70 to 80%. Main fungicides used on fruit vegetables were mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl propineb, etc while the insecticides were imidacloprid, milbemectin, methomyl, etc. Main formulation types of pesticide were wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate. By different fruit vegetables and cultivation patterns, pesticide use per unit area was revealed red pepper (field cultivation, 13.2kg/ha), cucumber (field cultivation, 12.4kg/ha), sweet melon (field cultivation, 11.2kg/ha) as high pesticide use crops, meanwhile, water melon (greenhouse cultivation, 1.2kg/ha), sweet melon (greenhouse cultivation, 2.2kg/ha), strawberry (field cultivation, 2.8kg/ha) as low pesticide use crops.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 1987

Statistical control charts are useful tools to monitor and control the manufacturing processes and are widely used in most Korean industries. Many Korean companies, however, do not always obtain desired results from the traditional control charts by Shewhart such as the X-chart, X-chart, X-chart, etc. This is partly because the quality charterstics of the process are not distributed normally but are skewed due to the intermittent production, small lot size, etc. In Shewhart X-chart, which is the most widely used one in Korea, such skewed distributions make the plots to be inclined below or above the central line or outside the control limits although no assignable causes can be found. To overcome such shortcomings in nonnormally distributed processes, a distribution-free type of confidence interval can be used, which should be based on order statistics. This thesis is concerned with the design of control chart based on a sample median which is easy to use in practical situation and therefore properties for nonnormal distributions may be easily analyzed. Control limits and central lines are given for tile more famous nonnormal distributions, such as Gamma, Beta, Lognormal, Weibull, Pareto, Truncated-normal distributions. Robustness of the proposed median control chart is compared with that of the X-chart, the former tends to be superior to the latter as the probability distribution of the process becomes more skewed. The average run length to detect the assignable cause is also compared when the process has a Normal or a Gamma distribution for which the properties of X are easy to verify, the proposed chart is slightly worse than the X-chart for the normally distributed product but much better for Gamma-distributed products. Average Run Lengths of the other distributions are also computed. To use the proposed control chart, the probability distribution of the process should be known or estimated. If it is not possible, the results of comparison of the robustness force us to use the proposed median control chart based on a normal distribution. To estimate the distribution of the process, Sturge's formula is used to graph the histogram and the method of probability plotting, $X^2$-goodness of fit test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, are discussed with real case examples. A comparison of the propose4 median chart and the X chart was also performed with these examples and the median chart turned out to be superior to the X-chart.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.177-184
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to establish an intervention strategy for nursing students' empathic ability enhancement by confirming the degree of empathy ability of nursing students to confirm the relationship between empathy ability and diversity acceptance, emotion recognition clarity, and other person' s recognition. The subjects were 173 nursing students. Data were collected as a self-report questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, diversity acceptability, emotional clarity, other-awareness, and empathy. We carried out t-test, ANOVA, Scheff's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. The results show that there was a significant difference in empathy ability according to the general characteristics of the subjects according to academic year and practice experience, and empathy was statistically significant according to academic year, diversity acceptability, emotional clarity, and other-awareness. Factors influencing empathy ability of nursing students were academic year, diversity acceptability, emotional clarity and other-awareness, and these variables explained empathy ability as 51.9%. In order to improve empathy ability of nursing students based on these results, we should adopt a nursing education program that can accept subjects with various backgrounds and clearly recognize emotions in a therapeutic setting.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.564-572
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• 2016

This study investigated the factors affecting the safety care activities of 227 nurses in 7 small and medium-sized hospitals in G-city. Data were collected from May 16th to 23rd, 2016, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS 18. The levels of patient safety attitudes, safety control and safety care activities were 4.11, 3.74 and 4.33 out of 5, respectively. In the analysis of the patient safety attitudes, there were significant differences in education level and job satisfaction. In the analysis of safety control, there were significant differences in age, education level, working experience, position, experience of safety education, experience of safety accidents, and job satisfaction. In the analysis of the safety care activities, significant differences were found in the education level, work department, experience of safety education, and job satisfaction. The patient safety attitudes, safety control, and safety care activities were positively correlated (with each other). The major factor affecting the safety care activities was the patient safety attitude, followed by safety control and experience of safety education. These findings emphasize the need for nurses to change their perception of patient safety attitudes and safety control, in order to reinforce their safety care activities. They also suggest that various safety nursing cases and systematic support should be provided for continuous patient safety education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2020-2028
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• 2015

This study was conducted in order to identify factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women, considering the factors presented in Mercer's theory: Becoming a Mother(pregnancy stress, self-esteem, dyadic adjustment, sense of mastery, antepartum stress). The data was collected through structured questionnaires from 140 pregnant women who visited the obstetric clinic and public health centers in a metropolitan area to have prenatal tests from August 23th to November 25th 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson's correlation coefficients and a stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: Maternal-fetal attachment in the group of pregnant women under 30 years of age was significantly higher than that in the group of over the age of 31(t=2.79,p=.004). Primiparas had higher maternal-fetal attachment than multiparas(F=3.27, p=.041). There was a negative correlation between pregnancy stress(r=-0.22, p=.009) and maternal-fetal attachment. Self-esteem (r=0.45, p<.001), dyadic adjustment(r=0.42, p<.001), sense of mastery(r=0.24, p=.005) and maternal-fetal attachment were, however, positively correlated. It was found that self-esteem, dyadic adjustment and age were some of the factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women. These variables explained 26.1% of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment. Findings of this study indicate needs for comprehension and assessment of self-esteem and dyadic adjustment in pregnant women through prenatal tests. Also, the intervention programs to improve maternal-fetal attachment among older mothers should be developed and implemented.