• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.41-54
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• 2007

To make most out of Order Review/Release(ORR) models, they are to be analyzed and classified according to their prospective users' requirements. To this end, we discuss ORR functions and so-called "ORR paradox", and propose an ORR model classification scheme named "COMPACT(COMplexity-imPACT) Matrix". Under the scheme, the complexity and impact levels of each ORR model are rated one after another in order to position it across the matrix. We explore the process and present the results, insisting that a DSS should suggest ORR models to its users on the complexity-impact basis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.620-623
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• 2004

Conventionally injection molds & dies are manufactured through an order-oriented manner. This brings unexpected orders into the shop floor such as hot order, re-work, and new types of mold & dies. Thus, there needs appropriate resource assignment plans considering the available times of machines and workers. Further, a scheduling system is required that can create work schedules periodically or by customers' requests. Yet, in small & medium sized mold & die makers, production schedules usually depend on the shop floor workers' experience and their manual preparation. Hence, developed in this study is a scheduling management system (SMS) based on order release and review (ORR) in small and medium sized mold & die companies. The proposed SMS considers delivery dates as well as flexible work schedules, so as to meet frequent changes of customers' order. The system can provide effective resource assigning and work scheduling plans, securing standard data associated with shop floors. Furthermore, the system pursues economical schedules for companies' needs, equipped with an available to promise (ATP) function that can effectively accommodate the changes of production plans.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.194-198
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• 1999

Order Review/Release(ORR) 시스템은 생산계획 시스템과 작업현장간의 연결고리로서, 작업현장으로의 작업투입을 조절하여 작업현장에서의 체류시간과 공정중재고, 리드타임의 변동을 줄여주는 역할을 한다. 그러나, 지금까지의 ORR에 관한 연구들은 ORR의 유효성에 관하여 명확한 결론을 내지 못하고 있다. 일부는 ORR이 작업의 전체 리드타임을 증가시키는 악영향이 있음을 주장하고, 일부는 ORR을 도입함으로써 작업현장에서의 리드타임과 공정중재고가 줄어들고, 안정화될 수 있다고 주장한다. 본 연구는 어떠한 환경에서 Order Release 정책을 도입하는 것이 시스템의 성능향상에 기여할 수 있는 지 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하고, 가상의 Job Shop을 대상으로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 작업장가동률 수준과 생산계획 단계에서의 계획오더 이송간격을 환경분수로 설정하고, 작업현장의 부하를 고려하여 작업투입을 통제하는 다섯 가지 Order Release 정책과 세 가지 우선순위 규칙을 적용하여 실험하였으며, 리드타임, 납기, 공정중재고 등과 관련된 8가지 척도에 대해 각 정책을 평가하였다. 그리고, 계획시스템의 부하평준화 기능이 존재할 때, Order Release 정책의 도입으로 인한 효과가 더 크다는 기존의 연구결과를 검증하기 위해, 부하평준화를 적용하였을 때 Order Release를 통제하지 않는 정책과 통제하는 정책간의 성능향상 차이가 있는지를 확인하는 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, ORR 보다는 우선순위규칙이 시스템의 성능을 결정하는 주요 통제정책으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나, 생산계획시스템에서 1주 간격으로 계획오더를 이송할 때는 Order Release 방법을 적용하여 작업현장에서의 평균 리드타임과 리드타임의 변동, 공정중재고가 줄어드는 결과를 보였고, 가동률 수준이 높을수록 ORR 방법간의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 그리고 부하평준화 기능은 Order Release 정책의 유효성에 별 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, Order Release 방법은 우선순위규칙간의 성능차이를 줄이거나, 대체할 수 통제 기법이라기보다는 우선순위규칙을 보완하여 공정중재고와 작업현장에서의 리드타임, 리드타임의 편차를 줄여주는 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 그리고, 계획시스템이 존재하여 계획오더가 일정기간간격으로 이송되는 환경에서 특히 유용하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Global population is expected to reach nine billion in 2050 and the total demand for food is expected to increase approximately by 60 percent by 2050 as compared to 2005. Therefore, it is important to increase crop production in order to meet the global demand for food. Slow release fertilizers have been developed and designed in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizers. Mineral-based slow release fertilizers are useful because the minerals have a crystalline structure and are environmentally friendly in a soil. This review focuses on slow release fertilizers based on montmorillonite, zeolite, and layered double hydroxide phases as a host for nutrients, especially N. Urea was successfully stabilized in the interlayer space of montmorillonite by the formation of urea-Mg or Ca complex, $[(Urea)_6Mg\;or\;Ca]^{2+}$ protecting its rapid degradation in soils. Naturally occurring zeolites occluded with ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate by molten salt treatment could be used as slow release fertilizer because the occlusion process increased the capacity of zeolites to store nutrients in addition to exchangeable cations. Additionally, surface-modified zeolites could also be used as slow release fertilizer because the modified surface showed high affinity for anionic nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. Moreover, there were attempts to develop and use synthetic layered double hydroxide as a carrier of nitrate because it has positively charged layers which electrostatically bond nitrate anions. Kaolin was also tested by combining with a polymer or through the mechanical-chemical process for slow release of nutrients.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.73-87
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• 1999

Order Review/Release (ORR) System is the linkage between planning system and actual production. Reduction of the waiting time on the machines, work in process and lead time variation may be achieved by adopting ORR strategies. But researchers on the ORR do not agree on the effectiveness of ORR. Some say that the overall system flow time may be increased if ORR is adopted, but others say that ORR can reduce work in process, flow time and variation of flow time. The objective of this research is to clarify under what environments order release strategy is effective. Simulation study was conducted in a hypothetical job shop. The experimental results show that dispatching rule is much more important than ORR is in controlling the shop floor. But the results indicate that ORR can reduce mean shop flow time, average work in process and variation of shop flow time under such environments where utilization level is high and planned order is weekly released to the order pool. And the results also show that the effect of plan smoothing on the ORR is insignificant, which is inconsistent with the results of the previous researches.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 2023

User reviews posted in the application market show high relevance with the satisfaction of application users and its significance has been proven from numerous studies. User reviews are also crucial data as they are essential for improving applications after its release. However, as infinite amounts of user reviews are posted per day, application developers are unable to examine every user review and address them. Simply addressing the reviews in a chronological order will not be enough for an adequate user satisfaction given the limited resources of the developers. As such, the following research suggests a systematical method of analyzing user reviews with a cost-benefit analysis, in which the benefit of each user review is quantified based on the number of positive/negative words and the cost of each user review is quantified by using function point, a technique that measures software size.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Initial burst is one of the major challenges in protein-encapsulated microparticle systems. Since protein release during the initial stage depends mostly on the diffusional escape of the protein, major approaches to prevent the initial burst have focused on efficient encapsulation of the protein within the microparticles. For this reason, control of encapsulation efficiency and the extent of initial burst are based on common formulation parameters. The present article provides a literature review of the formulation parameters that are known to influence the two properties in the emulsion-solvent evaporation/extraction method. Physical and chemical properties of encapsulating polymers, solvent systems, polymer-drug interactions, and properties of the continuous phase are some of the influential variables. Most parameters affect encapsulation efficiency and initial burst by modifying solidification rate of the dispersed phase. In order to prevent many unfavorable events such as pore formation, drug loss, and drug migration that occur while the dispersed phase is in the semi-solid state, it is important to understand and optimize these variables.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.19
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• pp.199-221
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to expand businesses' adoption of the Enterprise Resource Planning System (E.R.P.S.). In order to accomplish the objective, the following conditions need to be fulfilled. 1) Clearness of the goal and expected effect of E.R.P.S. adoption 2) Definiteness of the extent of E.R.P.S. construction 3) The management's will to E.R.P.S. adoption If the E.R.P.S is adopted, the following effects are expected. 1) Speedy quality decision-making is possible. 2) Time taken from the order of the product to its release can be curtailed (from 40days to 10days). 3) Time taken for the development of the product can be shortened (from 24 months to 10 months). 4) Cost reduction is possible by using necessary information in real time.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2013

Worldwide there is concern about the continuing release of a broad range of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other halogenated organochlorines persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment. They are condemned for health adverse effects such as cancer, reproductive defects, neurobehavioral abnormalities, endocrine and immunological toxicity. These effects can be elicited via a number of mechanisms among others include disruption of endocrine system, oxidation stress and epigenetic. However, most of the mechanisms are not clear, thus several number of studies are ongoing trying to elucidate them in order to protect the public by reducing these adverse effects. In this review, we briefly limited review the process, the impacts, and the potential mechanisms of dioxin/dioxin like compound, particularly, their possible roles in adverse developmental and reproductive processes, diseases, and gene expression and associated molecular pathways in cells.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2022

Reintroduction programs have been promoted across the world to recover and rehabilitate endangered birds through ex situ captive breeding and releasing to the nature. The ultimate aims of these reintroduction programs are recovery of sustainable populations in natural habitats. To ensure the success of the reintroduction programs, it is necessary to examine the followings in order to increase the success rate of releasing along with the development of captive breeding techniques: 1) Adequate habitat provision, 2) adaptability of captive-bred individuals, 3) survivability of released individuals, and 4) social interest and will. Before releasing captive-bred individuals, it should be reviewed whether there are habitats in which the limiting factor is removed, and assessed their long-term safety. The quantity and quality of the released individuals must be considered to increase the chances for mate selection, maintain genetic diversity, and acquire the ability to adapt to the wild. The release method must be decided in consideration of characteristics of the target habitats and individuals, and rational means such as careful observation, evaluation, and feedback must be provided throughout the release process. For the long-term success of recovery projects, social awareness, sustainable support, and related experts are needed. Satisfying these criteria can help to increase the success rates of reintroduction programs. For the bird reintroduction program in the future, the feasibility of the methods and procedures must be closely reviewed before starting.