• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2016

Since 2000, the market of convenient stores in Korea has developed rapidly due to the explosive growth in single households but it still consists mainly of manual work due to the nature of the domestic industry. Hence the explosive increase in demand in the market is mostly due to workers. Therefore, the research aimed at encouraging efficiency via automation, which is carried out in manufacturing, such as electronic, cars and so on, is inadequate. This study performed a feasibility analysis of investment for introducing an automated system on brand A, which is domestic famous convenience store company. Productivity growth according to the introduction of an automated guided vehicle and the cost-benefits was studied with using a simulation for the picking process, which is most personnel and time consuming. As a result, the simulation showed that the equipment AGV introduced for choosing the process has the effects of cost saving and increased time efficiency for performing manual labor. Furthermore, appropriate numbers of AGV were forecasted considering the capacity of the distribution Center in the brand A convenient store, which has been growing steadily. There are increasing numbers of worker labor costs in the distribution industry these days. Before building a large new automate center, it is expected to provide a good information to investors who are considering increasing productivity through partial automation of each of unit process to achieve some cost reduction.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.66-73
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• 2024

Stay-cable is one of the most important load carrying members in cable-stayed bridges. Monitoring structural integrity of stay-cables is crucial for evaluating the structural condition of the cable-stayed bridge. For stay-cables, tension and damping ratio are estimated based on modal properties as a measure of structural integrity. Since the monitoring system continuously measures the vibration for the long-term period, data acquisition systems should be stable and power-efficiency as the hardware system. In addition, massive signals from the data acquisition systems are continuously generated, so that automated analysis system should be indispensable. In order to fulfill these purpose simultaneously, this study presents an autonomous cable monitoring system based on domain-knowledge using IoT for continuous cable monitoring systems of cable-stayed bridges. An IoT system was developed to provide effective and power-efficient data acquisition and on-board processing capability for Edge-computing. Automated peak-picking algorithm using domain knowledge was embedded to the IoT system in order to analyze massive data from continuous monitoring automatically and reliably. To evaluate its operational performance in real fields, the developed autonomous monitoring system has been installed on a cable-stayed bridge in Korea. The operational performance are confirmed and validated by comparing with the existing system in terms of data transmission rates, accuracy and efficiency of tension estimation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2020

This paper proposes a methodology for gantry route optimization in order to maximize the productivity of a odd-type surface mount device (SMD). A odd-type SMD is a machine that uses a gantry to mount electronic components on the placement point of a printed circuit board (PCB). The gantry needs a nozzle to move its electronic components. There is a suitability between the nozzle and the electronic component, and the mounting speed varies depending on the suitability. When it is difficult for the nozzle to adsorb electronic components, nozzle exchange is performed, and nozzle exchange takes a certain amount of time. The gantry route optimization problem is divided into the mounting order on PCB and the allocation of nozzles and electronic components to the gantry. Nozzle and electronic component allocation minimized the time incurred by nozzle exchange and nozzle-to-electronic component compatibility by using an mixed integer programming method. Sequence of mounting points on PCB minimizes travel time by using the branch-and-price method. Experimental data was made by randomly picking the location of the mounting point on a PCB of 800mm in width and 800mm in length. The number of mounting points is divided into 25, 50, 75, and 100, and experiments are conducted according to the number of types of electronic components, number of nozzle types, and suitability between nozzles and electronic components, respectively. Because the experimental data are random, the calculation time is not constant, but it is confirmed that the gantry route is found within a reasonable time.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

This study is about in-service training structure combined digital competence and pedagogical knowledge in order to improve digital tools skill of a teacher in the school. Meanwhile domestic teacher training has been revealed low-level of applying into a teaching in the k12 school. Thus this study proposed teacher training system with focus on TPK sub-categories of TPACK. The core contents of TPK is to select appropriate digital tool for its teaching & learning. Additionally it is to select elements of teaching & learning associated with an attribute of digital tool. And this study presented modularize of 3 step such as teaching objective, teaching contents, assessment. Also we proposed that this training system should be operated with problem solving method which trainee itself compose TPK elements. And we committed quality investigation about picking up Strategies of TPK elements and the teacher training frame. The Participants concluded having a validity about TPK strategies, teacher training framework.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-94
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to acquire the information on the current situation of students' selection process in order to renovate the system of picking up the students. As a first step of the study, we examined the validity of the factors of the single-out system such as qualification and the process for the application and the standards and proceeding of the selection. Then we analysed the result of the entrance examination of Hansung Science Highschool in 2002. The analysis was on the correlation between the result of entrance examination and the achievement in the school and the decision of the course after graduation. To know on the achievement of the students, we investigated the records of regular tests and asked the teachers' opinion in math and science classes. As a result, we gained the following points: First, the present single-out system has a danger of excluding students who are much talented in science and math field because it is based on students' achievements in middle schools; Second, the new selection system should consider the character and attitude of the applicants in addition to their knowledge; Third, the continuous observation of the teacher in middle school should be an important factor of the picking up system; Fourth, more questions requiring divergent thinking ability and inquiry skill should be developed as selective examination question. Also examination questions should cover the various contents from mathematics to science, and do not affect pre-learning; Finally, the system of present letting all students stand in one line should be changed into that of letting students in various lines. We can consider using multi-step selection system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.339-358
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• 2014

Exodermic deck systems are new composite steel grid deck systems which have been used in various projects during the past decade. One of the eminent features of this system is considerable reduction in the structure weight compared to the ordinary reinforced concrete decks and also reduction in construction time by using precast Exodermic decks. In this study, dynamic properties of the Exodermic deck bridges with alternative perfobond shear connectors are investigated experimentally. In order to evaluate the dynamic properties of the decks, peak picking and Nyquist circle fit methods are employed. Frequencies obtained experimentally are in good agreement with the results of the finite-element solution, and the experimental results show that the first mode is the most effective mode among the obtained modes. The first four modes are the rigid translational motion modes, and the next two modes seem to be rigid rotational motion modes around a horizontal axis. From the 7th mode onwards, modes are flexible. The range of damping ratios is about 0.5%. Furthermore, the static behavior of the Exodermic decks under a static load applied at the center of the decks was investigated. Failure of the decks under positive bending was punching-shear. The bending strength of the decks under negative bending was about 50 percent of their strength under positive bending. In addition, the weight of an Exodermic deck is about 40% of that of an equivalent reinforced concrete slab.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2010

An Internet shopping mall for clothing operates a warehouse for packing and shipping products to fulfill its orders. All the products in the warehouse are put into the boxes of same brands and the boxes are stored in a row on shelves equiped in the warehouse. To make picking and managing easy, boxes of the same brands are located side by side on the shelves. When new products arrive to the warehouse for storage, the products of a brand are put into boxes and those boxes are located adjacent to the boxes of the same brand. If there is not enough space for the new coming boxes, however, some boxes of other brands should be moved away and then the new coming boxes are located adjacent in the resultant vacant spaces. We want to minimize the movement of the existing boxes of other brands to another places on the shelves during the warehousing of new coming boxes, while all the boxes of the same brand are kept side by side on the shelves. Firstly, we define the adjacency of boxes by looking the shelves as an one dimensional series of spaces to store boxes, i.e. cells, tagging the series of cells by a series of numbers starting from one, and considering any two boxes stored in the cells to be adjacent to each other if their cell numbers are continuous from one number to the other number. After that, we tried to formulate the problem into an integer programming model to obtain an optimal solution. An integer programming formulation and Branch-and-Bound technique for this problem may not be tractable because it would take too long time to solve the problem considering the number of the cells or boxes in the warehouse and the computing power of the Internet shopping mall. As an alternative approach, we designed a fast heuristic method for this reallocation problem by focusing on just the unused spaces-empty cells-on the shelves, which results in an assignment problem model. In this approach, the new coming boxes are assigned to each empty cells and then those boxes are reorganized so that the boxes of a brand are adjacent to each other. The objective of this new approach is to minimize the movement of the boxes during the reorganization process while keeping the boxes of a brand adjacent to each other. The approach, however, does not ensure the optimality of the solution in terms of the original problem, that is, the problem to minimize the movement of existing boxes while keeping boxes of the same brands adjacent to each other. Even though this heuristic method may produce a suboptimal solution, we could obtain a satisfactory solution within a satisfactory time, which are acceptable by real world experts. In order to justify the quality of the solution by the heuristic approach, we generate 100 problems randomly, in which the number of cells spans from 2,000 to 4,000, solve the problems by both of our heuristic approach and the original integer programming approach using a commercial optimization software package, and then compare the heuristic solutions with their corresponding optimal solutions in terms of solution time and the number of movement of boxes. We also implement our heuristic approach into a storage location assignment system for the Internet shopping mall.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2003

Virtual colonoscopy is a non-invasive computerized procedure to detect polyps by examining the colon from a CT data set. To fly through the inside of colons. the extraction of a suitable flight-path is necessary to Provide the viewpoint and view direction of a virtual camera. However. manual path extraction by Picking Points is a very time-consuming and difficult task due 1,c, the long and complex shape of colon. Also, existing automatic methods are computationally complex. and tend to generate an improper and/or discontinuous path for complicated regions. In this paper, we propose a fast flight-path generation algorithm using the distance and order maps. The order map Provides all Possible directions of a path. The distance map assigns the Euclidean distance value from each inside voxel to the nearest background voxel. By jointly using these two maps. we can obtain a proper centerline regardless of thickness and curvature of an object. Also, we Propose a simple smoothing technique that guarantees not to collide with the surface of an object. The phantom and real colon data are used for experiments. Experimental results show that for a set of human colon data, the proposed algorithm can provide a smoothened and connected flight-path within a minute on an 800MHz PC. And it is proved that the obtained flight-Path provides successive volume-rendered images satisfactory for virtual navigation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.169-201
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• 2011

There was a new wave in grocery business with development of information and technology, thus a movement from traditional stores to online stores, In order to expand the scale of traditional supermarket and to satisfy the customers' needs, they provide offline and online services simultaneously. This paper is based on the previous studies which had been researched in developed countries from late 1990s to early 2000s and the purpose of this study is to introduce the idea and operation system of e-Grocery business. Moreover, we suggest the alternatives on delivery service methods in order to satisfy the customers' needs through analyzing the current condition of e-Grocers in Korea. According to the result of this study, Korean e-Grocers offer only attended home delivery services. In our opinion, Korean supermarkets have to take hybrid model which Tesco.com is using. There are some alternatives to increase the profits of Korean e-Grocers and to provide better services to their customers as follows: As an alternatives for delivery services, picking service is the easiest and cheapest way to apply for supermarkets. This is very useful for working women and also it is possible to order by smartphone recently. They can order the goods to the closest local supermarkets from working place, and then they pick them up on the way home from working off. In order to improve the quality of delivery services, to use the reception box will be the way to provide better services to the customers. The reception box is a way to protect the quality of goods such as fresh-cut product, which require the freshness through the temperature adjustment, and also to keep the safety of ordered goods through locking system Through this system, supermarkets are able to use attended or unattended services under the customers' satisfaction. However, using the reception box is expensive, so shared reception box will be an alternative. As an alternative for development of e-Grocery business, the advertisement for e-Grocery business has to be supported in order to attract potential customers in e-Grocery business. Furthermore, the main concerns of e-Grocery business such as the sanitation and safety of goods, and convenience must be guaranteed in order to keep the loyal customers and to attract new customers.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.355-401
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• 2013

The first legislation for terminal health-care decision was California's Natural Death Act (NDA) of 1976 that permitted any adult person to execute a directive directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures. Advance directive legislation has subsequently progressed on a state-by-state basis. By 1992, all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, had passed legislation to legalize some form of advance directive. This state legislation, however, has resulted in an often fragmented, incomplete, and sometimes inconsistent set of rules. Statutes enacted within a state often conflict and conflicts between statutes of different states are common. In an increasingly mobile society where an advance health-care directive given in one state must frequently be implemented in another, there is a need for greater uniformity. In 1993, the Uniform Law Commissioners approved the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA) in order to bring order to the existing chaos. Unfortunately, the Commissioners waited too long to act. By the time the UHCDA was approved, nearly all states had passed legislation governing advance directives. Consequently, the UHCDA has achieved only a limited success, picking up but one or two enactments a year. The UHCDA is currently in effect in around 10 states: Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Tennessee, Wyoming. In these states the previous laws related to the subjects have been all repealed. The overall objective of the UHCDA is to encourage the making and enforcement of advance health care directives including living will or individual instruction, power of health-care attorney and to provide a means for making health care decisions for those who have failed to plan. The U. S. House of Representatives in 1991 enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA). The Act stipulates that all hospitals receiving Medicaid or Medicare reimbursement must ascertain whether patients have or wish to have advance directives. The Patient Self- Determination Act does not create or legalize advance directives; rather it validates their existence in each of the states. Now in America, terminal health-care decision or advance directive for health care is common and universal system. The problem, however, is how to let more people use these good tools to make their lives more beautiful and honorable.